Ectomycorrhizal formation and plantation performance of Douglas-fir nursery stock inoculated with Rhizopogon spores

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Castellano ◽  
James M. Trappe
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Root Collar

Basidiospores of seven species of hypogeous, ectomycorrhizal fungi were inoculated on four conifer species in a bare-root nursery. Inoculation with either Rhizopogonvinicolor Smith or Rhizopogoncolossus Smith succeeded with two provenances of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco). For R. vinicolor, the high spore-application rate produced the most mycorrhizae on the greatest number of seedlings. For R. colossus, the high spore-application rate produced the most mycorrhizae on the greatest number of seedlings of seed source 062, whereas the medium rate did better with seed source 252. Stem height and root collar diameter of seedling did not differ significantly between treatments and controls. Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated or not inoculated with spores of R. vinicolor were outplanted in southwestern Oregon. After 2 years, inoculated seedlings had significantly greater survival, stem height, root collar diameter, and biomass than noninoculated seedlings. Although new feeder roots of both noninoculated and inoculated seedlings were colonized by indigenous fungi, R. vinicolor persisted on the old root systems of inoculated seedlings and colonized new feeder roots.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DE MUDAS DE Pinus taeda PRODUZIDAS EM RAIZ NUA E EM DOIS TIPOS DE RECIPIENTES, 24 MESES APÓS O PLANTIO

FLORESTA ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Brito De Novaes ◽  
José Geraldo De A. Carneiro ◽  
Deborah Guerra Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Root Collar

O presente estudo analisou a viabilidade do uso de uma nova metodologia de produção de mudas de Pinus taeda, cujo objetivo foi comparar a qualidade de mudas produzidas em blocos prensados, com mudas produzidas em tubetes e em raiz nua, com base nos parâmetros morfológicos. Empregou-se 5 tratamentos: a) Blocos prensados com 10 cm de altura; b) Blocos prensados com 7 cm de altura; c) Raiz nua; d) Tubetes (48 unidades/bandeja) e e) Tubetes (96 unidades/bandeja). Avaliou-se no viveiro os seguintes parâmetros: a) Altura da parte aérea (H); b) Diâmetro de colo (D); c) Relação H/D e d) Pesos de matéria fresca e seca das partes aérea, radicial e total. No campo foram avaliados a sobrevivência e o crescimento inicial. O desenvolvimento das mudas produzidas nos blocos prensados com 10 cm foi superior aos demais métodos utilizados neste trabalho. As médias mais baixas foram verificadas em mudas produzidas em tubetes. Performance Pinus taeda seedlings produced in bare root and two conteiner, after 24 months of the plantation Abstract The present study has anlysed the viability of the use of a new methodology fase in the prodution of Pinus taeda seedlings. The main objective was to compare the seedlings quality when produced in pressed blocks, tubes (60 cm3) and bare root. The five treatment were: a) Pressed blocks 10 cm height; b) Pressed blocks 7 cm height; c) Bare roots; d) Tubes (48 units/tray) and e) Tubes (96 units/tray). Were evaluated in the nursery the following parameters: a) Stem height (H); b) Root-collar diameter (D); c) H/D ratio and d) Weight fresh and dry weight matter (stem, root and total. In the field the survival and the initial growth. The performance of the seedlings produced in the 10 cm pressed blocks was higher than the other methods used in this experiment. The lowest averages were observed in seedlings produced in tubes for all morphological parameters evaluated.

scholarly journals Growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings cultivated under five densities in nursery

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
José Geraldo de Araújo Carneiro ◽  
Deborah Guerra Barroso ◽  
Luis Maurício da Silva Soares
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Seedlings compete for nutrients, water and light. The available area for each seedling affects their behavior related to requirements for these resources. This experiment evaluated the influence of five plant densities on the growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings in a nursery after outplanting. The analyzed characteristics were: height (H), root collar diameter (D), H/D ratio, and dry matter weight. Higher densities stimulated H growth and the lowest densities increased D average and dry matter weight and lowered the H/D ratio. Seedlings were distributed by H, D and H/D classes. Higher densities had a larger number of seedlings in larger H classes. Larger numbers of seedlings with larger D and lower H/D ratios were found in lower densities. Ten months after outplanting the seedlings grown in lower densities had higher survival percentages and growth. Some saplings of standardized heights were uprooted with the objective of studying their root systems. The lowest densities stimulated higher numbers of first and second order roots as well as fresh and dry matter weights of thin roots with mycorrhizae presence. In both parts of the experiment, the density of 278 seedlings m-2 yielded equivalent averages as compared to the lowest densities.

scholarly journals Phytohormone effect on seedling quality in Hungarian oak

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. e005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Yücedağ ◽  
Nebi Bilir ◽  
Halil Barış Özel
Keyword(s):  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Root Collar

Aim of study: to find out the effects of four phytohormones, including Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), and Gibberellic acids (GA3, GA4) on seedling growth of Hungarian oak which has a natural distribution in the northwestern of Turkey.Area of Study: Mature acorns of Hungarian oak were collected from a natural stand in Zonguldak-Ereğli at northwestern region of Turkey.Material and Methods: Collected acorns of the species were pretreated with 300 ppm of each phytohormone for 24 hours and sown in Yenihan State Forest Nursery of Bartin, Turkey. Two years old bare-root seedlings were used for the measurements of seedling height, root collar diameter, stem, root and seedling fresh weights, and stem, root and seedling dry weights of two bare-root seedlings for each phytohormone treatment.Main results: Best performance of all studied seedling traits with the exception of root collar diameter was revealed in seedlings with IBA. In contrast, treatment of seeds with GA3 reduced all seedling traits apart from seedling height and root collar diameter. According to Dickson quality index, IBA was displayed to be the most beneficial phytohormone application for generating Hungarian oak seedlings with better mechanical resistance during transplanting.Research Highlights: IBA should be adopted in planting the seedlings of Hungarian oak for plantation activities.

scholarly journals Seedling Spacing in the Nursery in Relation to Growth, Yield, and Performance of Stock

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

In three experiments coastal and interior varieties of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm) and western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn.) were grown at a range of spacings, within drills 15 cm apart, at four nurseries in coastal British Columbia. In a fourth experiment the frequency distribution of seed spacings achieved with three types of precision seeders was examined.A 1 cm increase in spacing increased seedling dry weight by 0.5–1.5 g and root collar diameter by 0.2–0.25 mm. up to a spacing of about 8–10 cm. Above this spacing response was less. Height of two-year old (2-0) seedlings was increased little, or even decreased by wider spacing. Height:diameter ratios decreased sharply and shoot:root dry weight ratios decreased or remained unchanged with wider spacing. The number of needle primorida in 2-0 Douglas-fir buds increased up to a spacing of 2 cm. The number of first and second order branches was also increased in 2-0 seedlings of this species by wider spacing. Needle dry weight and area measurements suggested Douglas-fir from wider spacing had more sun type needles than those from closer spacing, which had more shade type needles. Only small increases in root growth capacity (RGC) were associated with wider spacing. None of the precision seeders tested achieved anything like perfect precision of seed placement. With irregularity added by 10–20% non-viable seed and winter mortality, truly precision spaced stands of 2-0 seedlings could not be achieved under existing conditions. Increased spacing of 2–5 cm between seedlings, depending on species and nursery, was justified by yield of acceptable seedlings when culling standard was increased to a root collar diameter of about 6 mm.Three years after planting, survival of white spruce was increased 11% by wider spacing in the nursery, and the corresponding value for Sitka spruce two years after planting was 13%. Seedlings of both species from wider spacings maintained a height and diameter advantage over those from close spacing.

scholarly journals Growth Regulators Affect the Growth and Biochemical Activity of Curcuma longa Plants Grown in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meire Pereira de Souza Ferrari ◽  
Mayara dos Santos Queiroz ◽  
Matheus Marquezini de Andrade ◽  
Jessica Rezende Trettel ◽  
Hélida Mara Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro growth and biochemical activity of Curcuma longa explants using different MS medium formulations and growth regulators. In all the experiments, plants were grown in MS medium supplemented with agar (6.5 g L-1) and pH adjusted to 5.8. In the first assay, the MS culture medium at 70% strength, supplemented with 30 g L-1 of sucrose, and without the addition of activated carbon, resulted in the highest number of shoots. The sucrose concentration of 60 g L-1, combined with the addition of actived charcoalin half-strength MS medium, resulted in the increased root dry mass, root collar diameter, and relative chlorophyll index. In the second assay, the highest root collar diameter and dry matter of shoots and roots were found in the MS medium supplemented with 4.44 BAP, 0.46 KIN, and 1.08 NAA. The MS medium with 8.88 BAP, 0.92 KIN, and 2.16 μM NAA resulted in the highest number of shoots (7.75), number of leaves (35), and shoot length (88.57 mm). The antioxidant activity was significantly higher in the treatments that resulted in better plantlets growth performance, demonstrating that the antioxidant activity is related to other factors such as a possible role of growth regulators on the elicitation of compounds in plants. Superoxide dismutase had a high enzymatic activity in both assays, whereas the enzymatic activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was dependent on the culture media used.

scholarly journals Use of Time-of-Flight Ultrasound to Measure Wave Speed in Poplar Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglu Liu ◽  
Pengfei Xu ◽  
Houjiang Zhang ◽  
Cheng Guan ◽  
Dan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
Ultrasonic Speed ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Poplar Seedlings

In this study, 145 poplar (Populus × euramericana cv.’74/76’) seedlings, a common plantation tree species in China, were selected and their ultrasonic velocities were measured at four timepoints during the first growth year. After that, 60 poplar seedlings were randomly selected and cut down to determine their acoustic velocity, using the acoustic resonance method. The effects of influencing factors such as wood green density, microfibril angle, growth days, and root-collar diameter on acoustic speed in seedlings and the relationship between ultrasonic speed and acoustic resonance speed were investigated and analyzed in this work. The number of specimens used for investigating growth days and root-collar diameter was 145 in both cases, while 60 and two specimens were used for investigating wood density and the microfibril angle, respectively. The results of this study showed that the ultrasonic speed of poplar seedlings significantly and linearly increased with growth days, within 209 growing days. The ultrasonic velocity of poplar seedlings has a high and positive correlation with growth days, and the correlation was 0.99. However, no significant relationship was found between the ultrasonic velocity and root-collar diameter of poplar seedlings. Furthermore, a low and negative relationship was found between wood density and ultrasonic speed (R2 = 0.26). However, ultrasonic velocity significantly decreased with increasing microfibril angle (MFA) in two seedlings, and thus MFA may have an impact on ultrasonic speed in poplar seedlings. In addition, ultrasonic velocity was found to have a strong correlation with acoustic resonance velocity (R2 = 0.81) and a good correlation, R2 = 0.75, was also found between the dynamic moduli of elasticity from ultrasonic and acoustic resonance tests. The results of this study indicate that the ultrasonic technique can possibly be used to measure the ultrasound speed of young seedlings, and thus early screen seedlings for their stiffness properties in the future.

scholarly journals Influence of the Nutritional Aspects on Initial Growth of African Mahogany (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Camila Oliveira Muniz ◽  
Eliana Paula Fernandes Brasil ◽  
Lucas Morais Lobo ◽  
Evaldo De Melo Ferreira ◽  
João Augusto da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
African Mahogany ◽  
Statistical Variation ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Block Effect ◽  
Root Collar

Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. (African mahogany) is one of the most economically important forest species, since it is used in the international furniture market. However, little is known about its culture and nutritional requirements. This study aimed to assess the development of K. ivorensis plants subjected to different base saturations, as well as to different N, P and K levels. An 8-ha area was used, wherein 4 ha had base saturation increased to 55% and the remaining 4 ha to 75%. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks with eight repetitions in a factorial scheme (4 × 4 × 4), being four N doses, four P doses and four K doses. The base saturation was assessed through the block effect. The root collar diameter and the plant height were measured 12 months after planting. Each experimental plot comprised six plants. The root collar diameter showed statistical differences between blocks and N doses. Only the NPK association showed statistical variation in plant height. However, a growth decreasing trend resulting from increased N doses was observed, as well as a growth increasing trend resulting from increased P and K doses. All treatments favored African mahogany growth. The most indicated base saturation was 55%, since there was no plant growth improvement when V% was increased to 75%. The excess of N impaired the growth of the species. The best treatment comprised 60 g urea, 240 g triple superphosphate, and 168 g potassium chloride.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Size ofAfzelia quanzensison Germination and Seedling Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kupatsa Mtambalika ◽  
Chimuleke Munthali ◽  
Dominic Gondwe ◽  
Edward Missanjo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Afzelia Quanzensis ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Root Collar

Afzelia quanzensisWelw is a valuable timber producing tree species in Africa. A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of seed size on seed germination and seedlings quality ofAfzelia quanzensis. Seed was categorized into three groups in regard to their length, small (<1.5 cm), medium (≥ 1.5 ≤ 2.5 cm), and large (>2.5 cm). The treatments were completely randomized into four replications. Germination percentage was not significantly(P>0.05)different between the treatments, although large seeds had the highest germination percentage of 94.9%. There were significant(P<0.05)differences in seedling height and root collar diameter among the different seed sizes, with large seeds having the highest seedlings height and largest root collar diameter. This was attributed to differences in the food reserves. Survival of transplants from shoot dieback was significantly(P<0.05)different such that seedlings from large seed attained the highest survival of 92%. It is therefore recommended that, for production of high quality transplants in the nursery, large seeds should be used.

Effects of mycorrhizas on growth of pine seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Gantuya B ◽  
Burenjargal O
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is an economically important source of timber in Mongolia and has been widely used in reforestation programs. In this study, we investigated the effects of mycorrhizas on the growth of pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings. Inoculation with ectomycorrhizas and endomycorrhizas increased the height, root length, and root collar diameter of the pine seedlings compared to the non-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that the percentage survival rate is higher in mycorrhizal inoculated pine seedlings than control seedlings. These results demonstrated that inoculation could effectively form ectomycorrhizas with pine seedlings and promote its growth, which can be used to restore Mongolian forest. Нарсны тарьцын ургалтанд микоризын үзүүлэх нөлөө Эгэл нарс (Pinus sylvestris) нь Монгол орны хувьд эдийн засгийн чухал ач холбогдолтой мод бөгөөдойжуулалтанд өргөн ашигладаг. Бид энэхүү судалгаагаараа эгэл нарсны (Pinus sylvestris) тарьцныургалтанд микоризaхэрхэн нөлөөлж буйг судлав. Эктомикоризa (Pisolithus tinctorius, Lactarius laccata)болон эндомикоризийн (Glomus mosseae, Glomus spurcum хх) бэлдмэл ашиглан тарьсан тарьцын өндөр,үндэсний хүзүүвчийн диаметр болон үндэсний урт нь микоризын бэлдмэл ашиглаагүй тарьцуудтайхарьцуулахад илүү байв. Түүнчлэн микоризын бэлдмэл ашигласан тарьцуудын амьдралтын хувийнүзүүлэлт хяналтын тарьцуудаас өндөр байгааг уг судалгааны үр дүн харуулав. Дээрх үр дүнгээрмикоризын бэлдмэл нь нарсны суулгацын үндсэнд микориза болон хэлбэржиж, түүний өсөлтийгдэмжиж байгааг илрүүлсэн бөгөөд уг бэлдмэлийг ойг нөхөн сэргээхэд ашиглах боломжтой юм.Түлхүүр үг: Нарс, өндөр, үндэсний урт, диаметр

QUALITY APPRAISAL OF WHITE SPRUCE AND WHITE PINE SEEDLING STOCK IN NURSERIES

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dickson ◽  
Albert L. Leaf ◽  
John F. Hosner
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Quality Appraisal ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Integrated Index ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Root Collar

Total seedling weight, shoot weight and root weight in grams on an oven dry basis, root collar diameter in millimeters, and height in centimeters were used to develop an integrated index of seedling quality.

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