THE SOCIOPRAGMATIC ASPECT OF VERNACULAR (BASED ON CH.DICKENS'S NOVEL "THE PICKWICK PAPERS")

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Burdina ◽  
◽  
Irina Gerasimenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Groups

The article explores the linguistic characteristics of various social groups through the socio- and pragmalinguistic aspects in the work of the English novelist Ch. Dickens «The Pickwick Papers». The authors analyzed and systematized the data obtained in the course of comparing the speech of people with different social status.

Doing Bodhisattva’s Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-32
Author(s):  
Le Hoang Anh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
The Social

This paper explores the charitable work of Buddhist women who work as petty traders in Hồ Chí Minh City. By focusing on the social interaction between givers and recipients, it examines the traders’ class identity, their perception of social stratification, and their relationship with the state. Charitable work reveals the petty traders’ negotiations with the state and with other social groups to define their moral and social status in Vietnam’s society. These negotiations contribute to their self-identification as a moral social class and to their perception of trade as ethical labor.

A Nation of Warriors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Pichichero
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Imaginary ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Military

This increasing care for and recognition of the common soldier set the stage for the new patriotic and heroic ideologies explored in chapter four. In this, neither social status nor simply winning battles were sufficient and the heroism of the monarch and aristocratic warriors came under scrutiny. New faces came to populate a democratizing heroic imaginary – those ofcommon soldiers and non-commissioned officers – and their acts were increasingly told through various secular and popular artistic media. Novels, plays, and military writings championed the patriotic military fervor and potential for heroism of different social groups: common men of the Third Estate, French women, foreigners serving in the French armed forces, and religious and ethnic “Others” allied with the French. These new heroes and heroines were recognized in the cultural imaginary and, to some extent, in practice as members of the military moved to protect, acknowledge, and reward them for their service.

Hierarchy and Heredity

Born to Write ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Neil Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Modern France ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Modern France

Families were fundamental to social hierarchy in early modern France. Birth was widely accepted to indicate one’s divinely ordained social status, even if that view was not universal—in practice, some freedom was allowed for individuals to improve their status (especially among certain social groups) or indeed to worsen it. Certainly, the relation of birth to social status varied. It had a changing history even in respect of the nobility, which could be entered by routes other than birth. But birth was primordial at all levels of society, and for the nobility it became even more so in France in the second half of the sixteenth century and in the seventeenth. It was widely believed that the members of a given noble family shared their own, generally superior, instantiation of human nature. On the other hand, heredity was widely believed to predispose commoners too in certain directions.

Social choices in farm animals: to fight or not to fight?

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mendl ◽  
H.W. Erhard
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Fighting Ability ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Attack Latency ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Mixed Groups

AbstractFrom an animal production and welfare perspective, an important social choice made by farm animals is whether and how vigorously to fight others. The choice to fight (i.e. simultaneous escalated aggression by both contestants) may result in severe injury when unfamiliar animals first meet or compete for highly valued resources. Game theory models of aggressive interactions predict that animals have evolved to stop or avoid fighting when they assess their chances of winning a contest to be poor. Assessment may occur during or before a fight. If it occurs before a fight, reliable cues of fighting ability must exist. If farm animals can establish relative social status by assessment prior to fighting, it may be possible to construct social groups which contain individuals of differing abilities such that most disputes are resolved through assessment and levels of damaging aggression are kept low. Social status appears to be established by assessment rather than fighting in free-ranging deer and sheep when asymmetries exist in reliable cues of their fighting abilities such as roaring rate and horn size. However, there have been few detailed studies of other farmed species and findings are equivocal. Work on young pigs suggests that, in pair-wise encounters, individuals are unable to assess weight-related asymmetries in their abilities without fighting. However, recent studies of groups of pigs suggest that some form of assessment prior to fighting may occur. Individuals were classified as high (H) or low (L) aggressive on the basis of their behaviour in an attack latency test. When litters of H pigs were mixed with litters of L pigs, significantly fewer pairs of unfamiliar pigs fought than when newly mixed groups were made up of litters of H pigs only, or litters of L pigs only. Thus, fighting was least frequent when there was a marked asymmetry in the aggressiveness of unfamiliar individuals. Another study raised the possibility that H and L pigs may be following alternative strategies which, under certain circumstances, are similarly beneficial in welfare and production terms. Further work is required to substantiate these findings and to determine whether aggressiveness is a reliable cue of fighting ability and, if so, how it is manifest and assessed.

Geneva's philanthropists around 1900: a field made of distinctive but interconnected social groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS DAVID ◽  
ALIX HEINIGER ◽  
FELIX BÜHLMANN
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Social Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the social profile of Geneva's philanthropists around 1900. It shows that, contrary to what the literature on philanthropy argues, philanthropists belonged to varied social groups defined by diverse forms of capital (economic, social and cultural) and were involved in philanthropic activities related to their social status. Together, those philanthropists formed a social field. They were connected to each other and even needed to collaborate on specific issues. The article argues that interconnections between actors reinforced their social position. By examining this field through both quantitative and qualitative methods, the article highlights relationships and ties between actors and shows how they collaborated on the basis of commonly held principles.

DEFENDING WOMEN, NEGOTIATING MASCULINITY IN EARLY MODERN ITALY

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRONIKI DIALETI
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Early Modern Italy ◽  
Crucial Feature

ABSTRACTThis article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the formation of masculinity in early modern Italy, by focusing on literature defending women written by men. The article argues that defence of women emerged as a crucial feature in male self-fashioning and group identity formation in specific environments, such as the courts, the academies, and the Venetian socio-cultural scene of the 1540s and 1550s. By detecting how demarcations of self and other were shaped in the literature under examination, the article suggests that men defending women fashioned themselves both in regard to female ‘otherness’ and against other contemporary male identities. In this process of inclusion and exclusion both gender and social status came into play. Although defence of women initially emerged as a key determinant of elite masculinity, it gradually became the bone of contention among different social groups of men seeking to negotiate, redefine, and appropriate for themselves an idealized form of masculinity.

The Congruence between Housing Space, Social Space, and Community Space, and Some Experiments concerning its Implications

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Family Unit ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Multivariate Multiple Regression ◽  
Community Space ◽  
Social Level

Housing space, social space, and community space are each defined simply and discussed with respect to two concepts: housing space is defined in terms of type and quality for individual housing units; social space is defined in terms of social status and stage in the life cycle for a family unit. Contrasting with these micro-scale definitions are the constructs of community space—family status and social status—which describe census units at the macro-social level. The congruence between housing space and social space for a sample of homes and the families residing within them in Kingston and Winnipeg, Canada, is then determined statistically with the use of multivariate multiple regression procedures. The varying degrees of incongruence for a number of social groups are then analysed subjectively under three defined housing constraints. Finally, the representativeness of the two samples is examined, and directions for further research are outlined.

scholarly journals Gender, Class and Ideology: The Social Function of Virgin Sacrifice in Euripides' Children of Herakles

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kawalko Roselli
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Marginal Groups ◽  
The Social

Abstract This paper explores how gender can operate as a disguise for class in an examination of the self-sacrifice of the Maiden in Euripides' Children of Herakles. In Part I, I discuss the role of human sacrifice in terms of its radical potential to transform society and the role of class struggle in Athens. In Part II, I argue that the representation of women was intimately connected with the social and political life of the polis. In a discussion of iconography, the theater industry and audience I argue that female characters became one of the means by which different groups promoted partisan interests based on class and social status. In Part III, I show how the Maiden solicits the competing interests of the theater audience. After discussing the centrality (as a heroine from an aristocratic family) and marginality (as a woman and associated with other marginal social groups) of the Maiden's character, I draw upon the funeral oration as a comparative model with which to understand the quite different role of self-sacrifice in tragedy. In addition to representing and mystifying the interests of elite, lower class and marginal groups, the play glorifies a subordinate character whose contradictory social status (both subordinate and elite) embodies the social position of other ““marginal”” members of Athenian society. The play stages a model for taking political action to transform the social system and for commemorating the tragic costs of such undertakings.

scholarly journals Unreciprocated allogrooming hierarchies in a population of wild group-living mammals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E Nadin ◽  
David W. Macdonald ◽  
Sandra Baker ◽  
Christina D. Buesching ◽  
Stephen Ellwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
European Badgers ◽  
Wild Group

Allogrooming can relate to social status in mammalian societies, and thus, be used to infer social structure. This relationship has previously been investigated by examining an individual’s dominance rank and their total amount of allogrooming. This, however, does not account for the identity of allogrooming partners. We applied a novel approach, calculating the linearity and steepness of unreciprocated allogrooming hierarchies using actor–receiver matrices in European badgers (Meles meles) groups. Badgers have relatively unstructured social groups compared to most group-living carnivores and allogrooming in badgers is currently hypothesized to have a hygiene function. We examine whether allogrooming is linked to social status by investigating: 1) the presence, linearity, and steepness of unreciprocated allogrooming hierarchies; 2) the trading of unreciprocated allogrooming for the potential benefit of receiving reduced aggression from dominant individuals; and, 3) whether unreciprocated allogrooming is associated with relatedness. We found weak unreciprocated allogrooming hierarchies, with marginal linearity, steepness overall, and variation between social-group-years. Unreciprocated allogrooming was positively correlated with directed aggression, potentially providing evidence for the trading of allogrooming for reduced aggression. Allogrooming was not correlated with relatedness, possibly due to high relatedness within social groups. Our findings reaffirm that European badgers have a relatively unstructured social system; likely reflecting a relatively simple state of sociality in Carnivores, with little need for hierarchical order. Using actor–receiver unreciprocated allogrooming matrices to test for linearity and steepness of unreciprocated allogrooming hierarchies in other social species will improve knowledge of group social structure.

scholarly journals SOCIAL STATUS AS A SOCIOLINGUISTIC CATEGORY (BASED ON CH. DICKENS`S NOVEL "GREAT EXPECTATIONS")

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
A. G. Burdina ◽  
I. V. Gerasimenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the linguistic characteristics of various social groups in the work of the English novelist Ch. Dickens “Great Expectations”. The authors analyzed and systematized the data obtained in the course of comparing the speech of people with different social status. Defining the relationship of language and social status, the authors found that the concept of social status can be viewed in several ways: as a mutual expectation realized at the speech level; as an awareness of the personality of their position in society, as well as the manifestation of personal qualities in the implementation of social status. In the course of comparative analysis, the authors highlight the following relationships of speech with the speaker’s status, such indicators of the speaker’s social status appear to be character`s rich vocabulary, use of reduced vocabulary, ability to make up grammatically correct a sentence, ability to maintain the conversation and follow ethical norms in speech.

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