Morphometric study of trout gills: a light-microscopic method suitable for the evaluation of pollutant action

1976 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-460
Author(s):  
G. M. Huges ◽  
S. F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Microscopic Method ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
Polluted Waters

1. Methods are described for the morphometric estimation of parameters of the gill system of trout which are relevant to its function in gas exchange. The methods have been used with 1 mum sections viewed under the light microscope. 2. In particular the diffusion distances between water and blood are measured, which together with determinations of gill area, provide figures for the morphometrically estimated diffusing capacity. 3. The methods have been used to compare the diffusing capacity of gills from control fish and those treated in polluted waters. The concept of relative diffusing capacity (Drel) is introduced which enables comparisons to be made without the need to determine the absolute diffusing capacity. 4. Quantitative estimation of changes in relative volumes and surface areas of components of the secondary lamellae were determined, and employed to explain the possible anatomical causes of changes in Drel. 5. It is suggested that these methods can be of value in the comparison of the gills of fish treated in different waters.

Gill and Body Surface Areas of the Carp in relation to Body Mass, With Special Reference To The Metabolism-Size Relationship

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIN OIKAWA ◽  
YASUO ITAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
Resting Metabolism ◽  
The Relationship

The relationships of resting metabolism per unit mass of body to gill and body surface areas were examined by measuring gill, body surface and fin areas of carp ranging from 0.0016 to 2250g. There was a triphasic allometry for the relationship between gill area and body mass: during the prelarval (0.0016–0.003 g) and postlarval (0.003–0.2g) stages there was a positive allometry (slopes of 7.066 and 1.222, respectively), during the juvenile and later stages (0.2–2250 g) there was a negative allometry with a slope of 0.794. There was a diphasic negative allometry for the relationship between surface area of the body or the fins and body mass, with a slope of 0.596 or 0.523 during the larval stage and 0.664 or 0.724 during the juvenile and later stages, respectively. Except for the 3rd phase (juvenile to adult) of gill area, these slopes were significantly different (P<0.01) from the slope for the relationship between resting metabolism and body mass of intact carp (0.84; value from Winberg, 1956). It is considered, therefore, that gill, body surface and fin areas do not directly regulate the resting metabolism of the fish, in the larval stage at least.

Gill Dimensions as a Function of Fish Size

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
General Equation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Fish Weight ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between total gill area and body weight can be expressed as Y + aWb where "b" varies from about 0.8 to 0.9 for different species. The area for a 1-g fish ("a") ranges 22-fold for published data on different species. Expressed by the same general equation, the number of secondary lamellae per millimeter of filament ranges 4-fold for different species and decreases with increasing fish weight within each species by a power of about −0.1.

Gill Dimensions for Three Species of Tunny

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. MUIR ◽  
G. M. HUGHES
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Secondary Lamella

1. Estimates have been made of the total area of the secondary lamellae in the gills of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), and bluefin tuna (T. thynnus). A sampling method is described which takes into account the variation in size and spacing of the secondary lamellae in different portions of the sieve. 2. Twenty-six specimens in the weight range 1-40 kg. were examined and analysed by logarithmic plots of different gill dimensions against body weight. A good fit was found to the general equation A=aWb. 3. The slope (b) of the regression line for the total area (A) against body weight (W) was found to be about 0.85 for all three species. This relationship is similar to that (0.81) between oxygen consumption and body weight for a large number of species of teleost fish. 4. The corresponding regression coefficients for the relationships between body size and average area of a secondary lamella, number of secondary lamellae per millimetre and total filament length were +0.53, -0.08 and +0.38 respectively. 5. A comparison is made between the three species of tunny and the limited data available for size ranges of other teleosts. On the basis of values obtained by extra polating the regression lines, it is concluded that the tunny has a larger gill area per unit of body weight than any other fish so far investigated. This is mainly due to the large total length of the gill filaments and the very close spacing (up to 120 per mm. have been measured) of relatively small secondary lamellae. 6. It is concluded that the extensive gill area of the tunny is related to its very active mode of life.

Gill Morphometry of the Mudskipper, Boleophthalmus Boddarti

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Hughes ◽  
N. K. Kadhomiy-Al
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Filament Length ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Area

Measurements of gill dimensions in relation to body weight have been carried out in a mudskipper, Boleophthalmus boddarti. The data was analysed with respect to body weight using logarithmic transformations (log Y = log a + b log W). The slope (b) of the log/log regression lines for the gill area, total filament length, average number of secondary lamellae/mm, bilateral area of an average secondary lamella, and total gill area/g were 1·0496, 0·427, -0·229, 0·851 and 00496 respectively.These results indicate variations in growth patterns for the different dimensions of the gills. The analysis shows that the increase in gill surface area with the body size is mainly due to an increase in the area of individual secondary lamellae and, to a lesser extent, an increase in filament length and total number of lamellae.The average weight-specific area for 14 specimens measured (3·6–35·4 g) was 108–15 mm2/g. This value is consistent with results obtained with some other intertidal species.Marked differences were found in the thickness of the water/blood barrier, which is thinner around the marginal channels. Morphometric diffusing capacity taking this heterogeneity into account was estimated as 0·0208 ml O2 min1 mmHg−1 kg−1.INTRODUCTIONMorphological studies on the gills of many fish have shown adaptations of the basic structure which can be related to the particular mode of life. Among these adaptations, air-breathing species show many remarkable structural modifications (Munshi, 1976), which extend to the gills forming air sacs in species such as Heteropneustes fossilis (Hughes & Munshi, 1979). Fish which inhabit the intertidal zone, like other seashore animals, are subjected to periodic exposure to air, which may produce problems of water loss and reduction in support for the gills, with consequent collapse and restriction of gas exchange surfaces.

scholarly journals Bottom-up modeling approach for the quantitative estimation of parameters in pathogen-host interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Lehnert ◽  
Sandra Timme ◽  
Johannes Pollmächer ◽  
Kerstin Hünniger ◽  
Oliver Kurzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Modeling Approach

scholarly journals A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY ON THE THICKNESS OF THE PULMONARY AIR-BLOOD BARRIER

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewald R. Weibel ◽  
Bruce W. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Harmonic Mean ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Capillary Membrane

A reliable knowledge of the thickness of the alveolo-capillary "membrane" or air-blood barrier is of physiologic interest since it is intimately related to a quantitative estimation of such functional events as gas diffusion or tissue metabolism in the lung. The characteristic thickness of the air-blood barrier with respect to gas diffusion is its harmonic mean thickness, while the arithmetic mean thickness is related to the mass of tissue building the barrier and consuming oxygen in the lung. Two morphometric methods are proposed by which these two dimensions can be estimated from random measurements in the electron microscope in a reliable, simple, and efficient manner. By applying these methods to three rat lungs the arithmetic mean thickness of the barrier was found to measure 1.25 µ, the harmonic mean thickness, 0.57 µ. On the basis of these measurements a geometric model of the barrier in the form of a corrugated membrane was derived. Its dimensions showed close similarity to those of the natural barrier. This analysis suggested furthermore that the gas conductance of the barrier is nearly optimal if one considers the mass of tissue and the minimal barrier thickness as fixed properties which are determined by other functional requirements on the alveolo-capillary membrane.

scholarly journals Possibility of Using t-Plots, Obtained from Nitrogen Adsorption for the Valuation of Zeolites

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hudec ◽  
J. Novanský ◽  
S. Silhár ◽  
T. N. Trung ◽  
M. Zúbek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Zeolite Content ◽  
Synthetic Zeolites ◽  
Specific Surface Areas ◽  
Specific Volumes

Data of adsorption isotherms of nitrogen adsorption at 77 K on various samples of zeolites were measured. Besides derivation of specific surface area by BET analysis, samples were characterised by values obtained by t-plots; specific surface areas of mesopores and specific volumes of micropores are also calculated. Results show the value of the use of t-plot method for the characterization of microporosity changes in zeolites after various treatments, and also for quantitative estimation of zeolite content in natural zeolites and the crystallinity of synthetic zeolites.

scholarly journals Measurement of Amount of Invaginated Membrane in Mammalian Platelets by Osmotically-Induced Spherocyte Formation

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Milton ◽  
M.M. Frojmovic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Surface Areas

Invaginated membrane of the surface-connected canalicular system (SCCS) of the resting platelet can be potentially externalized. We have estimated the SCCS surface area by carefully swelling platelets in hypotonic media. Platelets were osmotically stressed by either interfacing a drop of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with distilled water on a siliconized glass slide or directly in a test tube by careful additions of 60-80% by volume water. Surface areas of the platelets were estimated from a cinematographic analysis of freely rotating platelets. Within five minutes of the addition of water, large smooth spheres (spherocytes) are formed. Soluble, cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase activity is not released and visible membrane damage as estimated from dark-field microscopy observations does not occur for at least one hour. The mean value of the spherocyte diameters was 3.9 ± 0.6 um (3 human donors) and did not change over 5 - 60 minutes. It is estimated that the volume of the spherocyte is ~550% greater than that of the original disc and that the surface area has increased by ~300%. Similar results were obtained for rabbit platelets.Since platelet swelling induced osmotically has been shown to yield large spheres with the disappearance of SCCS (J.G. White, personal communication), it is concluded that: 1) the SCCS of the resting platelet can be easily externalized, and 2) osmotic spherocyte formation allows a quantitative estimation of the SCCS surface area.

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