scholarly journals Bottom-up modeling approach for the quantitative estimation of parameters in pathogen-host interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Lehnert ◽  
Sandra Timme ◽  
Johannes Pollmächer ◽  
Kerstin Hünniger ◽  
Oliver Kurzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Modeling Approach

Morphometric study of trout gills: a light-microscopic method suitable for the evaluation of pollutant action

1976 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-460
Author(s):  
G. M. Huges ◽  
S. F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Microscopic Method ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
Polluted Waters

1. Methods are described for the morphometric estimation of parameters of the gill system of trout which are relevant to its function in gas exchange. The methods have been used with 1 mum sections viewed under the light microscope. 2. In particular the diffusion distances between water and blood are measured, which together with determinations of gill area, provide figures for the morphometrically estimated diffusing capacity. 3. The methods have been used to compare the diffusing capacity of gills from control fish and those treated in polluted waters. The concept of relative diffusing capacity (Drel) is introduced which enables comparisons to be made without the need to determine the absolute diffusing capacity. 4. Quantitative estimation of changes in relative volumes and surface areas of components of the secondary lamellae were determined, and employed to explain the possible anatomical causes of changes in Drel. 5. It is suggested that these methods can be of value in the comparison of the gills of fish treated in different waters.

Bottom-up modeling approach and mesoscopic simulations in traffic system dynamics models

SIMULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
V Bureš ◽  
L Režný ◽  
M Zanker
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Mesoscopic Simulations

The application of system dynamics modeling in various domains enables its continuous development and improvement. Transportation systems are associated with a necessity to tame their complexity. Despite its potential, system dynamics as a specific methodological and modeling approach is implemented only occasionally and application to road transportation systems is sporadic. Existing studies focus mostly on a macroscopic level of modeling. Thus, this study demonstrates how system dynamics can develop and simulate models at the meso level. It is based on an unconventional bottom-up modeling approach grounded in the modeling of T-shaped, X-shaped, and roundabout crossroads as fundamental building blocks. Model modularity enables its extension to any type of road network with the required structure or complexity. Model applicability is verified by testing on a case study in real-life settings. Modeling issues associated with this modeling approach and application domain are explained and possible solutions proposed. By developing a bottom-up approach and mesoscopic simulations, this study brings uniqueness and a certain level of novelty into the realm of system dynamics and traffic transportation modeling and simulation.

Mainstreaming Carbon Management in Healthcare Systems: A Bottom-Up Modeling Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Pollard ◽  
Timothy J. Taylor ◽  
Lora E. Fleming ◽  
Will Stahl-Timmins ◽  
Michael H. Depledge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
Modeling Approach

scholarly journals Identifying Sialylation Linkages at the Glycopeptide Level by Glycosyltransferase Labeling Assisted Mass Spectrometry (GLAMS)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Zhu ◽  
Shuaishuai Wang ◽  
Ding Liu ◽  
Lang Ding ◽  
Congcong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Oxonium Ions

ABSTRACTPrecise assignment of sialylation linkages at the glycopeptide level is of importance in bottom-up glycoproteomics, and is also an indispensable step to understand the function of glycoproteins in pathogen-host interactions and cancer progression. Even though some efforts have been dedicated to the discrimination of α2,3/α2,6-sialylated isomers, unambiguous identification of sialoglycopeptide isomers is still needed. Herein, an innovative strategy of glycosyltransferase labeling assisted mass spectrometry (GLAMS) was developed. After specific enzymatic labeling, oxonium ions from higher-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD) fragmentation of α2,3-sailoglycopeptides generate unique reporters to distinctly differentiate those of α2,6-sailoglycopeptide isomers. Using this strategy, a total of 1,236 linkage-specific sialoglycopeptides were successfully identified from 161 glycoproteins in human serum.Abstract Figure

Virus-Host Dynamics in a Complex Milieu

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Weitz
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Nutrient Regeneration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Viral Lysis ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
The Subject

This chapter introduces a series of dynamic models for exploring the mechanisms underlying the emergent features of complex ecosystems. Models of complex food webs including viral parasites reflect innovations in the study of basic interactions as well as the quantitative estimation of life history traits. These models can be used to investigate the variation in the effect of viruses on ecological processes, given three key features: (i) complex multistrain and multispecies communities, (ii) nutrient regeneration via viral lysis of hosts, and (iii) competition between zooplankton and viruses for hosts. Models predict that when viruses regenerate nutrients, both resources and viruses will increase in concentration. When viruses are included in ecosystem models they are found to stimulate ecosystem-level functioning despite having negative effects on target hosts. Few models combine virus–host interactions with a consideration of complex nutrient and trophic dynamics; therefore, a synthesis remains incomplete and should be the subject of ongoing work.

scholarly journals Fusing EEG and fMRI based on a bottom-up model: inferring activation and effective connectivity in neural masses

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1457) ◽  
pp. 1025-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Riera ◽  
E Aubert ◽  
K Iwata ◽  
R Kawashima ◽  
X Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Cerebral Activation ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Biophysical Models ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
The Relationship

The elucidation of the complex machinery used by the human brain to segregate and integrate information while performing high cognitive functions is a subject of imminent future consequences. The most significant contributions to date in this field, known as cognitive neuroscience, have been achieved by using innovative neuroimaging techniques, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which measure variations in both the time and the space of some interpretable physical magnitudes. Extraordinary maps of cerebral activation involving function-restricted brain areas, as well as graphs of the functional connectivity between them, have been obtained from EEG and fMRI data by solving some spatio-temporal inverse problems, which constitutes a top-down approach. However, in many cases, a natural bridge between these maps/graphs and the causal physiological processes is lacking, leading to some misunderstandings in their interpretation. Recent advances in the comprehension of the underlying physiological mechanisms associated with different cerebral scales have provided researchers with an excellent scenario to develop sophisticated biophysical models that permit an integration of these neuroimage modalities, which must share a common aetiology. This paper proposes a bottom-up approach, involving physiological parameters in a specific mesoscopic dynamic equations system. Further observation equations encapsulating the relationship between the mesostates and the EEG/fMRI data are obtained on the basis of the physical foundations of these techniques. A methodology for the estimation of parameters from fused EEG/fMRI data is also presented. In this context, the concepts of activation and effective connectivity are carefully revised. This new approach permits us to examine and discuss some future prospects for the integration of multimodal neuroimages.

A top–down bottom–up modeling approach to climate change policy analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. S223-S234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugandha D. Tuladhar ◽  
Mei Yuan ◽  
Paul Bernstein ◽  
W. David Montgomery ◽  
Anne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Change Policy
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