Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in elderly compared with younger adults with learning disabilities

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Adults With Learning Disabilities

BackgroundThe literature regarding psychiatric illness among elderly people with learning disabilities is limited and conflicting because of methodological differences. There have been no recent studies comparing psychiatric epidemiology between younger and older adults with learning disabilities, using the same methodology and definitions.MethodComprehensive psychiatric examination using a semi-structured rating scale was undertaken on everyone with learning disabilities, aged 65 years or over (n= 134), living in a defined geographical area. Comparison was made with a randomly selected control group of adults with learning disabilities aged 20–65 years (n=73) drawn from the same geographical area.ResultsElderly people with learning disabilities have a greater prevalence of psychiatric morbidity than younger controls (68.7v. 47.9%). Rates for depression and anxiety disorders are high, and dementia is common: there are equal rates for schizophrenia/delusional disorders, autism and behaviour disorders in the two groups.ConclusionsThe higher psychiatric morbidity among elderly (compared with younger) people with learning disabilities has not previously received adequate recognition. This warrants further investigation by service planners and clinicians.

Geriatric Psychiatric Morbidity in Rural Northen India: Implications for the Future

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvada Chandra Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Educationally Disadvantaged ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Year 2000

This was an epidemiological study funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research and conducted in a representative rural geographical area in northern India. The study aimed to determine the pattern of psychiatric morbidity in those aged 60 years or above and to ascertain the causative/contributory role of biosociodemographic factors, if any. Three groups of subjects formed the sample: the geriatric psychiatrically ill and non-ill and the nongeriatric psychiatrically ill. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was found to be much higher in the geriatric group (43.32%) than in the nongeriatric group (4.66%). The psychiatric morbidity pattern consisted of neurotic depression, manic-depressive psychosis depression, and anxiety state in descending order of frequency. Socially, economically, and educationally disadvantaged subjects were found to be more psychiatrically ill. The data indicate that by the year 2000, there will be about 28 million psychiatrically ill geriatric persons in the country requiring the attention of health policy planners. The implications of these findings in light of the available services for psychiatrically ill geriatric persons have been discussed and future directions identified.

scholarly journals A study on depression in people living with HIV/AIDS in South-West part of Uttar Pradesh, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Rai ◽  
Babu L Verma
Keyword(s):  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Control Group ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS and depression are often thought to be interlinked. HIV positive cases may trigger symptoms of depression which, in turn, may result in risky sexual behavior and spread of HIV. Interviews were conducted in 104 patients of HIV/AIDS at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) Clinic of a teaching hospital in Uttar Pradesh (India) to study depression and examine its prevalence and association, if any, with some socio-demographic and clinical variables. The tools used to assess anxiety and depression and their severities were General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 28 and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) . The majority of patients were of age 35 years & above (62%), males (67%), married (85%), Hindus (88%), literate (73.1%), unemployed (35%) and of upper-lower socio-economic status (52%). Significant association of depression was found with religion, occupation and socio-economic status. Depression and anxiety were also found to be significantly associated with each other. There was, however, no association of depression with respondents’ age, gender, marital status, education, habitat, income, duration of illness from HIV/AIDS and the CD4 count. The high prevalence rate (67.3%) of depression amongst HIV patients in our study may be taken as marker to alert Counsellors of country’s ART Clinics for possible risk of depression in HIV patients. The above findings however, should be interpreted in the light of the fact that a parallel control group in the study was not included, studied sample was not large enough and the tools used to study the subjects for depression and anxiety were not adequately standardized.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.5(1) 2015: 12-17

Bereavement and grief in adults with learning disabilities

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Hollins ◽  
Alexander Esterhuyzen
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Adults With Learning Disabilities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loss Of A Parent

BackgroundThis paper reports the results of the first systematic study of the reaction of people with learning disabilities to bereavement.MethodA sample of 5O parent-bereaved people with learning disabilities was compared with a matched control group of 50 non-bereaved people. A semi-structured bereavement questionnaire was used along with the following instruments: the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC), the Psychopathology Instrument for Mentally Retarded Adults (PIMRA) and the Life Events Checklist.ResultsHighly significant differences are demonstrated between bereaved and non-bereaved samples on both the total scores and most of the subscores of the ABC and PIMRA. Staff and carers did not usually attribute behaviour problems to the bereavement and its concomitant life events, nor was there a recognition of psychopathology due to bereavement.ConclusionsThe impact in terms of psychiatric and behavioural morbidity of loss of a parent, with its concomitant life events, in adults with learning disabilities has been underestimated.

Behaviour disorders in adults with learning disabilities: Effect of age and differentiation from other psychiatric disorders

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Behaviour Disorder ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Behavioural Assessment ◽  
Adults With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviours ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractObjective: To clarify the effect of age on behaviour disorders in adults with learning disabilities, and the differentiation of behaviour disorders from other psychiatric disorders.Method: Detailed assessments, measuring maladaptive behaviours, psychiatric disorders and demographic factors were completed on 93.7% of all people with learning disabilities aged 65 years and over, living in Leicestershire, UK (n = 134), and also a random sample of adults with learning disabilities aged 20-64 years (n = 73). Behaviour disorders were distinguished from other psychiatric disorders. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated.Result: Equal rates (15%) and types of behaviour disorder were found in the two groups. The presence of behaviour disorder was associated with the severity of learning disabilities, but age was not associated, and nor was presence of epilepsy or gender. In many cases, positive scores on the behavioural assessment, which carers attributed to challenging behaviour/ behaviour disorder, were actually symptoms of psychiatric illness.Conclusion: Behaviour disorders persist into old age, and therefore require management from the appropriate services. This need will increase, due to increasing lifespan. The accurate interpretation of behaviour scales requires that a comprehensive psychiatric assessment is also undertaken, particularly in elderly people where rates of psychiatric disorders are higher than for younger adults.

Prevalence of dementia and depression among elderly people in Black and ethnic minorities

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. M. McCracken ◽  
M. A. Boneham ◽  
J. R. M. Copeland ◽  
K. E. Williams ◽  
K. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

BackgroundThis study was designed to identify all elderly people of ethnic minorities living in a defined geographical area in inner-city Liverpool and to identify psychiatric morbidity and barriers to use of services. This paper reports the prevalence of dementia and depression.MethodA survey of the community was carried out using the Geriatric Mental State Examination, AGECAT and ethnically matched interviewers. The sampling frame consisted of Family Health Services Authority lists as a basis, with additional information from community lists, ‘snow-balling’ and a door-to-door survey.Results418 people were interviewed, with a high percentage (55%) of young elderly (65–74) men. The prevalence of dementia ranged from 2 to 9% and of depression from 5 to 19%, and there were no significant differences in levels between English-speaking ethnic groups and the indigenous population. Higher levels of dementia were found among non-English-speaking groups.ConclusionsA complete enumeration of the elderly in ethnic minority groups is best achieved by using several different methods. Diagnosis of dementia may be misleading among those who do not speak the dominant language.

Depression and Anxiety in Two Groups of Adults with Learning Disabilities

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheri Hoy ◽  
Noel Gregg ◽  
Joseph Wisenbaker ◽  
Elaine Manglitz ◽  
Michael King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Adults With Learning Disabilities ◽  
College Support

Adults with learning disabilities seeking services from state rehabilitation agencies and/or university/college support programs present a challenge to professionals attempting to identify effective academic, vocational, and social/emotional interventions that lead to long-term employment. The purpose of this study was to add to the small body of empirical research pertaining to the presence of depression and anxiety in two groups of adults with learning disabilities based on self-report measures (i.e., Beck Depression Inventory; Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983; IPAT Anxiety Scale; Krug, Scheier, & Cattell, 1976a). A group of college students not demonstrating learning disabilities was used for descriptive and comparison purposes. Results showed that females with learning disabilities served in a rehabilitation setting were the only group that demonstrated significant signs of depression. College students with learning disabilities had increased anxiety-related symptoms. Implications for diagnosis and service are drawn from these findings.

scholarly journals Effects Of Metacognition And Direct Instruction On Spelling Abilities Of Pupils With Learning Disabilities In Primary Schools In Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Kelechi Uchemadu Lazarus ◽  
Gabriel Ogundiya Ogunsola
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Direct Instruction ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This study investigated the effects of metacognition and direct instruction on spelling abilities of pupils with learning disabilities in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Pre-test, post -test, control group, quasi-experimental design with 3x2x2 factorial matrix was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was used to select three public primary schools in Ibadan. Sixty primary three pupils with spelling disabilities were randomly selected from the sampled schools and randomized into metacognition, direct instruction and control group. Four instruments were utilized: Pupil Rating Scale (r = 0.76), Right Word Recognition (r=0 .91), Pupils’ English Note Book and Test of Verbal Ability (r=0.96). Those who met the inclusion criteria were treated, while those in the control group received lessons in spelling instruction using the conventional method. Six hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. Despite the fact that there was no significant main effect of the treatment, participants who were exposed to direct instruction had the highest mean score of ( x = 46.35), this was followed by metacognition ( x = 44.90) while the control group obtained ( x = 30.93). There was no significant gender difference as male and female participants benefited equally from the treatment packages. Based on these findings, recommendations were made which included that teachers of pupils with learning disabilities should adopt the two strategies in teaching spelling to pupils with learning disabilities because these strategies proved better than the conventional method.

High-Frequency External Muscle Stimulation Reduces Depressive Symptoms in Older Male Veterans: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Mu-N Liu ◽  
Heng-Liang Yeh ◽  
Ai Seon Kuan ◽  
Shih-Jen Tsai ◽  
Ying-Jay Liou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Stimulation ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Male Veterans

Objective: Late-life depression (LLD) is a severe public health problem. Given that pharmacological treatments for LLD are limited by their side effects, development of efficient and tolerable nonpharmacological treatment for LLD is urgently required. This study investigated whether high-frequency external muscle stimulation could reduce depressive symptoms in LLD. Methods: Twenty-two older male veterans with major depression were recruited and randomized into a treatment (n = 9) or sham control group (n = 13). The groups received high-frequency external muscle stimulation or sham intervention 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Clinical symptoms and muscle strength were evaluated at baseline and every 2 weeks. Results: The 2 groups were homogeneous in age, baseline clinical symptoms, and muscle strength. The treatment group showed significant improvement in depression and anxiety scores and muscle strength (all P < .01), whereas the control group showed no significant change after the 12-week follow-up. Compared to the control group, the treatment group showed significant improvements in depression (Geriatric Depression Scale, P = .009; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, P = .007) and anxiety scores (HAMA, P = .008) and muscle strength (all P < .001). Changes in depression and anxiety levels were significantly correlated with changes in muscle strength after the study. In the treatment group, we observed a trend of correlation between the reduction in depression and muscle strength gains. Conclusion: High-frequency external muscle stimulation appears to be an effective treatment for older patients with LLD. Large studies with more tests and/or conducted in different populations are warranted to validate these preliminary findings.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Psychiatric Morbidity and Quality of Life among Suicide Attempted Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Challa Venkata Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Suicide Attempted

Risk of suicide is more common in patients with psychiatric disorders and poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and its relationship with suicide attempters. Materials and Method- The cross sectional study was carried out in Psychiatric department of MNR Medical College and Hospital. A total 70 cases of first suicide attempts were included in this study. Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life were analysed by Schedule for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatric (SCAN), Montgomery Asberg’s depression rating scale (MADRS), Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) and WHOQOL-BREF version. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 20.0 software. Result- Among 70 cases, 92.85% of the suicide attempters had one or more psychiatric disorders compared to 21.43% among the controls. Major psychotic disorder was mood disorder (56.92%), followed by Neurotic and somatoform disorders (36.92%) and substance related disorders (32.3%). Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were diagnosed in 7.69% of cases. Quality of life score was assessed by WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The mean of total score in suicide attempters was 57.44 and in control group was 73.67. Conclusion- In the present study suicide attempters had higher psychotic morbidity and poor quality of life in comparison to the control groups.

Behaviour phenotype for Down's syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Collacott ◽  
Sally-Ann Cooper ◽  
David Branford ◽  
Catherine McGrother
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Developmental Quotient ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Adults With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviours

BackgroundFor more than a century, the idea of particular personality/behavioural characteristics being associated with people with Down's syndrome has been explored, but with inconclusive results.MethodThe Disability Assessment Schedule was used to ascertain the behavioural profiles of 360 adults with Down's syndrome and 1829 adults with learning disabilities of other aetiologies, who were the whole identified population within a defined geographical area. Comparison was made between the two total groups and additionally for the subgroups aged < 35 years and aged ⩾35 years. Comparison was also made with regards to cluster analysis findings.ResultsDespite an equal age and developmental quotient, the Down's syndrome group were less likely to demonstrate maladaptive behaviours. The behaviour characteristics of the adults with Down's syndrome remained constant in the younger and older age groups. Cluster analysis demonstrated adults with Down's syndrome to have an increased prevalence in cluster groupings with lower rates of maladaptive behaviours.ConclusionsThis study confirms there to be a behaviour phenotype among adults with Down's syndrome. The reasons for this (e.g. genetic/psychological/social) require further research. Such research may establish a better understanding of the aetiologies of maladaptive behaviours among people with learning disabilities in general.

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