Bereavement and grief in adults with learning disabilities

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Hollins ◽  
Alexander Esterhuyzen
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Adults With Learning Disabilities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loss Of A Parent

BackgroundThis paper reports the results of the first systematic study of the reaction of people with learning disabilities to bereavement.MethodA sample of 5O parent-bereaved people with learning disabilities was compared with a matched control group of 50 non-bereaved people. A semi-structured bereavement questionnaire was used along with the following instruments: the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC), the Psychopathology Instrument for Mentally Retarded Adults (PIMRA) and the Life Events Checklist.ResultsHighly significant differences are demonstrated between bereaved and non-bereaved samples on both the total scores and most of the subscores of the ABC and PIMRA. Staff and carers did not usually attribute behaviour problems to the bereavement and its concomitant life events, nor was there a recognition of psychopathology due to bereavement.ConclusionsThe impact in terms of psychiatric and behavioural morbidity of loss of a parent, with its concomitant life events, in adults with learning disabilities has been underestimated.

scholarly journals Fitness Matters as We Age: A Celebration of the VA Gerofit Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 771-771
Author(s):  
Miriam Morey ◽  
Cathy Lee
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In recognition of the GSA’s 75th Anniversary “Why Age Matters” we celebrate the 7th anniversary of the Gerofit dissemination initiative. Gerofit is an exercise and health promotion program for older Veterans that has been declared a Veterans Health Administration (VA) “Best Practice” and been disseminated to 17 VA’s across the country. Over 7000 Veterans have participated in Gerofit initiated programs and have reported robust outcomes including improved quality of life, physical and mental health, and high levels of satisfaction with the programs. For this symposium, we focus on newly acquired program outcomes that emphasize the importance of fitness as we age. The first paper compares hospitalization and emergency room visits between individuals participating in Gerofit for 12 months compared to a matched control group. The second paper describes four-year trajectories of physical performance to highlight the impact of becoming fit over expected normative trajectories. The third paper examines outcomes of a home-based geriatric walking clinic. The fourth paper describes the impact of exercise adherence on chronic pain. The fifth paper describes changes in medication utilization compared to a matched control group following 12-months of supervised exercise. These papers highlight the importance of fitness as a contributor to overall health during the aging process and celebrates that fitness matters, no matter when you start!

Can Yoga Overcome Criminality? The Impact of Yoga on Recidivism in Israeli Prisons

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1461-1481
Author(s):  
Shaked Kovalsky ◽  
Badi Hasisi ◽  
Noam Haviv ◽  
Ety Elisha
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Alternative Practices ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, yoga practices have been integrated into formal prison rehabilitation programs of the Israel Prison Service (IPS), as part of the informal education system, giving rise to innovative criminological theories such as positive criminology that emphasize the development of offenders’ strengths by facilitating rehabilitation and reintegration processes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the correlation between yoga practice and recidivism among released prisoners who participated in yoga programs during their incarceration in comparison with a matched control group of those who did not participate in yoga programs over a follow-up period of 5 years. To examine the effectiveness of the program, propensity score matching was used to compile the comparison group from among all convicted prisoners who were released from the Israeli prisons. Study results indicate that yoga may affect recidivism, supported by a finding of lower recidivism rates among released prisoners who had practiced yoga during their incarceration, compared with a matched control group. However, further study is needed including randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In light of these positive results, we recommend policy-makers consider expanding alternative practices such as yoga into prisons, in recognition of their contribution to the rehabilitation process through the development of personal and social strengths.

Crisis, Life Events and Accidents

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Whitlock ◽  
J. R. Stoll ◽  
R. J. Rekhdahl
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minor Surgery

Using two life event scales, we found that patients who had sustained accidental injuries had experienced more changes in their lives over the past six months than a matched control group drawn from students and persons undergoing minor surgery. The implications of this finding are discussed.

Life events and the onset of neurotic illness: an investigation in general practice

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Cooper ◽  
Judith Sylph
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Life Events ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
London Borough ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Index Group

SynopsisNew cases of neurotic illness identified during one month by each in turn of eight general practitioners in a London borough were investigated by means of standardized clinical and social interviews. When compared with a matched control group of consulting patients, the index group was found to have experienced significantly more life events during the three months before the onset of illness. Events particularly associated with neurotic illness were unexpected crises and failure to achieve various life goals. The distribution of events suggested that serious, threatening events have an important aetiological role; minor events appear to play a small contributory part which may become critical when the morbid risk is already high. The problems of method involved in this type of investigation are discussed.

Strain-Producing Aspects of Life Events

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Lubin ◽  
Charles T. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Female College ◽  
Student Counseling ◽  
Clinic Group

To determine some of the important strain-producing aspects of life events, 30 male and 40 female college undergraduates attending the student counseling center were compared with a matched control group of nonhelp-seeking students from the same campus on 9 descriptive rating scales associated with each of the 60 items on the Stressful Life Events Inventory. Analyses indicated that the clinic group reported a significantly larger number of stressful life events and significantly more strain produced by these events than did the control group. Neither sex nor the interaction of sex and group was significant.

scholarly journals The impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on the risk of infection after total hip arthroplasty: a nationwide population-based matched cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hao Chen ◽  
Tien-Hsing Chen ◽  
Yu-Sheng Lin ◽  
Dave W. Chen ◽  
Chi-Chin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Superficial Wound Infection ◽  
Superficial Wound ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background We aimed to assess the impact of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on the risk of infection after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods We identified patients undergoing primary THA (1996–2013) in Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Patients were then divided into the SLE and control groups according to the diagnosis of SLE. We used 1:1 propensity score to match the control to the SLE group by age, sex, and comorbidities. The primary outcome was infection, including early and late superficial wound infection and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The secondary outcome was in-hospital complications. Results We enrolled 325 patients in each group. In the primary outcome, the incidence of early superficial wound infection and PJI was comparable between the SLE and matched-control group. However, the incidence of late superficial wound infection and PJI in the SLE group was higher than that in matched-control group (11.4% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.01; 5.2% vs 2.2%, P = 0.04, respectively). Furthermore, the SLE group had a higher risk for late superficial wound infection and PJI (hazard ratio = 2.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–4.16; HR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.14–6.64, respectively) than the matched-control. Complications other than infection and in-hospital mortality cannot be compared because of very low incidence. Conclusions SLE is a risk factor for developing late superficial wound infection and PJI, but not for early postoperative complications following THA. Clinical presentations should be monitored to avoid misdiagnosis of PJI in SLE patients after THA.

Empathy in Learning Disabled Children

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary H. Bachara
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Matched Control Group

25 7- to 12-yr.-old boys with visual perceptual problems and learning disabilities were compared on the Borke Scales for Empathy with a matched control group. The learning disabled group had significantly greater difficulty recognizing and labeling emotions.

Can Yoga Overcome Criminality? The Impact of Yoga on Recidivism in Israeli Prisons

2020 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2091449
Author(s):  
Shaked Kovalsky ◽  
Badi Hasisi ◽  
Noam Haviv ◽  
Ety Elisha
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Alternative Practices ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, yoga practices have been integrated into informal education programs of the Israel Prison Service (IPS), given rise to innovative criminological theories such as positive criminology that emphasize the development of offenders’ strengths by facilitating rehabilitation and reintegration processes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the correlation between yoga practice and recidivism among released prisoners who participated in yoga programs during their incarceration in comparison with a matched control group of those who did not participate in yoga programs over a follow-up period of 5 years. To examine the effectiveness of the program, propensity-score matching was used to compile the comparison group from among all convicted prisoners who were released from the Israeli prisons. Study results indicate that yoga may impact recidivism, supported by a finding of lower recidivism rates among released prisoners who had practiced yoga during their incarceration, compared with the matched control group. However, further study is needed including randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In light of these positive results, we recommend policy makers consider introducing alternative practices such as yoga in prisons, in recognition of its contribution to the rehabilitation process through the development of personal and social strengths.

Survival of BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer patients: a population-based study from southern Sweden.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
O T Jóhannsson ◽  
J Ranstam ◽  
A Borg ◽  
H Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Brca1 Mutation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Group Survival

PURPOSE Recent studies indicate that BRCA1 breast and ovarian tumors may have an advantageous survival. In this population-based study, the survival of carriers of a mutated BRCA1 gene was investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS The survival of 71 BRCA1-associated cancer patients (33 breast cancer, seven breast and ovarian cancer, and 31 ovarian cancer patients from 21 families with BRCA1 germline mutations) diagnosed after 1958 was compared with that of a population-based comparison group that consisted of all other invasive breast (n = 28,281) and ovarian (n = 7,011) cancers diagnosed during 1958 to 1995, as well as an age- and stage-matched control group. RESULTS No apparent survival advantage was found for BRCA1-associated breast cancers upon direct comparison. After adjustment for age and calendar year of diagnosis, survival was equal to or worse than that of the comparison group (hazards ratio [HR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 2.4). In comparison with an age- and stage-matched control group, survival again appeared equal or worse (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.6 to 3.7). For BRCA1-associated ovarian cancers, an initial survival advantage was noted that disappeared with time. Due to this time dependency, multivariate analyses cannot adequately be analyzed. Compared with the age- and stage-matched control group, survival again appeared equal or worse (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5 to 2.8). CONCLUSION The results suggest that survival for carriers of a BRCA1 mutation may be similar, or worse than, that for breast and ovarian cancer in general. This finding is in accordance with the adverse histopathologic features observed in BRCA1 tumors and underlines the need for surveillance in families that carry a BRCA1 mutation.

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