BORDERLINE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND CYBER-VICTIMISATION -A SINGLE CASE STUDY.

Dialectical behaviour therapy is a form of cognitive behaviour therapy that applies principles of learning to elicit the reasons and the strengthening factors behind maladaptive behaviours and alternate them with more healthy and helpful skills. The present study aims to assess the efcacy of brief dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality traits with cyber-victimisation. As a single experimental design, 20 years aged young female, diagnosed with borderline personality traits along with cyber-victimisation was taken up for the study. Borderline traits and cyber-victimisation were targeted maladaptive behaviours. The intervention was given for the duration of 8 weeks, during which DBT in a brief format consisting of mindfulness skills, emotion regulation skills, interpersonal effectiveness skills and distress tolerance skills was given. The sessions were based on weekly basis with each being 60 minutes session. Follow after a month revealed greater reduction in the targeted maladaptive behaviours. The study reveals that brief DBT is effective in reducing borderline personality traits and cyber-victimisation.

Intolerance of uncertainty and decisions about delayed, probabilistic rewards: A replication and extension of Luhmann, C. C., Ishida, K., & Hajcak, G. (2011)

Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is thought to lead to maladaptive behaviours and dysfunctional decision making, both in the clinical and healthy population. The seminal study reported by Luhmann and collaborators in 2011 [1] showed that IU was negatively associated with choosing a delayed, but more probable and valuable, reward over choosing an immediate, but less probable and valuable, reward. These findings have been widely disseminated across the field of personality and individual differences because of their relevance for the understanding of the role of IU in the development and maintenance of anxiety-related disorders. Given their importance it would be desirable to have replications of this study, but none have been carried out so far. The current study has been designed to replicate and extend Luhmann et al.’s results. Our sample will include 266 healthy participants (more than five times the sample size used by Luhmann et al.) to detect with a power of 95% the effect size that can be detected with a power of 33% in the original study. To increase our chances of getting such a sample size, the experiment will be conducted online, To increase our chances of getting such a sample size, the experiment will be conducted online, adding check trials to the original decision-making task to monitor participants’ engagement. Additionally, we will explore the role of impulsivity in the relationship between IU and willingness to wait. This study will add empirical evidence about the role of IU in decision making and, in case of replication of Luhmann et al.’s results, will support the hypothesis that high-IU individuals may engage in inefficient or costly behaviour in exchange for less time enduring an uncertain situation.

Strengthening empathy in children with autism: A single-case study of a music and movement programme

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty recognizing subtle expressions of feelings, identifying and understanding various other states of emotion expressed by others, and knowing what to do in a set of conditions that exist at a particular time in a particular place. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects that a music-movement programme can have on a 6-year-old girl with ASD ‐ specifically her ability to recognize and understand the feelings of others, communicate clearly about her personal emotional states and build stronger relationships. Results showed that the programme appeared to enhance empathic development for the young girl with ASD and reduced the frequency of difficulty in determining emotional reactions in others, describing emotional states, and difficulty thinking and feeling about a situation. These initial results support the use of the programme to reduce maladaptive behaviours of children with ASD and increase their awareness of and sensitivity towards others.

Potensi Kejadian Burnout pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Covid-19 pandemic has caused universal psychosocial repercussions and mass hysteria among the society and various sectors, including education sector. The online learning or distance learning applied during the pandemic has worsened the stress experienced by medical students. The stress level increased due to gaps in access to learning and excessive assignments given without considering students’ cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Continuous academic stress in the long term would bring negative impacts, leading to lower learning motivation and burnout syndrome. The quality of social relationship has been known to significantly affect anxiety level. Therefore, cooperation from family, community, academic institutions, and government agencies in providing social attention and support is needed. In addition, intrinsic preventions through the improvement of lifestyle, health-related behaviour, religious approaches (The Psychology of Religion), motivation, and self-resilience are also important to avoid burnout syndrome among medical students.</p><p>This study was conducted to propose insights that are expected helpful in anticipating, preventing and minimizing the occurrence of burnout syndrome which would lead to maladaptive behaviours among medical students</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pandemi Covid-19 telah menyebabkan dampak psikososial universal dan histeria massal di berbagai strata masyarakat. Tidak terkecuali dalam bidang pendidikan. Pasalnya, metode pembelajaran <em>daring</em>/jarak jauh di saat pandemi ini, mampu menambah tingkat stres mahasiswa kedokteran yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Hal ini dipicu karena kesenjangan akses pembelajaran dan banyaknya tugas yang diberikan tanpa memperhatikan ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik mahasiswa. Stres akademik dalam jangka waktu lama dan terus-menerus menimbulkan dampak negatif yang dapat menyebabkan perubahan motivasi dan mengakibatkan terjadinya burnout syndrome. Kualitas hubungan sosial sangat mempengaruhi terhadap tingkat kecemasan. Oleh karena itu, kerjasama dari berbagai kalangan seperti keluarga, masyarakat, institusi akademisi, dan lembaga pemerintahan dalam memberikan perhatian dan dukungan sosial sangat penting dilakukan. Selain itu, upaya pencegahan instrinsik seperti <em>Lifestyle and health behaviour</em>, pendekatan agama<em> (The Psychology of Religion)</em>, motivasi, dan ketahanan ketahanan diri <em>(Self Resilience)</em> tidak kalah penting sebagai prevensi terhadap potensi burnout pada mahasiswa kedokteran.</p><p>Tujuan dari penulisan ini diharapkan mampu mengantisipasi, mencegah, ataupun meminimalkan terjadinya<em> burnout syndrome</em> pada mahasiswa kedokteran yang berdampak pada mereka untuk melakukan perilaku maladptif.</p>

Helicopter parenting and alcohol use in adolescence: A quadratic relation

Aims: Research has underscored that an excessively intrusive parental style, defined as helicopter parenting, could be a risk factor for maladaptive behaviours in youth, including alcohol use and drug consumption. However, such at-risk behaviours have also been associated with low levels of parental involvement and warmth. Thus, the relationship between parental involvement and at-risk behaviours in adolescents is not clear. The purpose of the current study was to identify the relation between helicopter parenting and alcohol use in a sample of Italian youth. Design: The participants were 402 adolescents (233 female) between the ages of 14 and 19 years ( M age= 17.20, SD = 1.66). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine linear, quadratic, and exponential models and to verify which model best described the correlation. Results: The results showed a quadratic correlation between mothers’ helicopter parenting and alcohol use, whereby higher and lower levels of mothers’ helicopter parenting were associated with adolescents’ alcohol use. Conclusions: The empirical data are essential for improving our understanding of the implications and potential outcomes of helicopter parenting during adolescence.

Maladaptive behaviours in adolescence and their associations with personality traits, emotion dysregulation and other clinical features in a sample of Italian students: a cross-sectional study

Background Emotion Dysregulation (ED), childhood trauma and personality are linked to the occurrence of maladaptive behaviours in adolescence which, in turn, may be related to increased risk for psychopathology in the life course. We sought to explore the relationship among the occurrence of different clusters of maladaptive behaviours and ED, clinical features (i.e. impulsivity, childhood maltreatment, anxiety, depressive symptoms) and personality traits that have been found to be associated to Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), in a sample of 179 adolescent students. Methods Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was applied to detect clustered types of maladaptive behaviours and groups of students were defined as individuals engaging in these clustered behaviours (non-suicidal self-injury-NSSI, binge eating, binge drinking, cannabis use, and sexual risk behaviours). Logistic models were used to evaluate the association among clinical scales, and student groups. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate whether clinical features affected the association between personality traits and student groups. Results MCA analysis allowed to identify three student groups: NSSI/binge eating (NSSI-BE) behaviours, other maladaptive behaviours and “none”. Higher scores in ED, impulsivity, childhood maltreatment, anxiety and depressive symptoms increased the risk of belonging to the cluster of NSSI-BE behaviours compared to the other two groups. ED, depression and anxiety symptoms were found to be mediators of the relationship between specific personality traits, mainly pertaining to the negative affectivity construct, and NSSI/BE. Conclusions Individuals engaging in NSSI-BE behaviours represent a vulnerable adolescent population. ED, depression and anxiety were mediators of the relationship between a variety of personality traits related to BPD and NSSI and binge eating behaviours. Findings have important clinical implications in terms of prevention and interventions among adolescents engaging in self-damaging behaviours.

Digital support seeking in adolescent girls: A qualitative study of affordances and limitations

While digital communication is almost universal amongst adolescents, we do not yet know why adolescent girls seek support electronically or how they perceive this support. The prevalence of adolescent girls’ informal digital support seeking was determined by a self-report questionnaire with 186 early and middle adolescent girls (Mage = 13.64 years), drawn from four socioeconomically advantaged schools in Australia. Digital support seeking from friends was extremely common, with 73.66% seeking emotional support and 85.48% seeking academic support. Next, to determine perceptions of digital support seeking, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with a representative subsample of 31 girls (Mage = 13.95 years). Interview data was analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Themes of friendship and emotional self-regulation emerged as perceived benefits. Girls perceived digital support to be poorer in quality than face-to-face support, and were particularly concerned about limitations to privacy and the disclosure of confidential information. Several maladaptive behaviours such as using digital support seeking to conceal or avoid emotion were identified. There was variation in the attitudes of the sample, and four groups of girls with distinct attitudes towards digital emotional support seeking were identified. Implications for supporting adolescents to effectively seek support electronically and face-to-face are discussed.

Protection motivation theory and brick-and-mortar salespeople

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply protection motivation theory (PMT) to brick-and-mortar salespeople's responses to customers' fear appeals.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is to develop a conceptual model for the effect of customers' fear appeals on brick-and-mortar salespeople.FindingsPMT relates to the influence of customers' fear appeals on brick-and-mortar salespeople's behaviours. The salesperson's decision whether to follow a retail manager's suggestion about ways to mitigate a customer's fear appeal depends on believed threat severity, believed threat susceptibility, response efficacy, self-efficacy and response costs.Research limitations/implicationsPMT is applied to a new domain: brick-and-mortar salespeople. Although a powerful yet universal emotion, only limited research has examined fear within this group.Practical implicationsUnderstanding salespeople's fears will help retail managers identify strategies for encouraging adaptive behaviours and deterring maladaptive behaviours by salespeople.Originality/valueA model relating customers' fear appeals to salespeople's behaviours is introduced.