Normal Ventricles in Young Schizophrenics

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Benes ◽  
Pearson Sunderland ◽  
Barry D. Jones ◽  
Marjorie J. LeMay ◽  
Bruce M. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Younger Age

SummaryThe CT scans of 11 schizophrenics and 26 controls were evaluated for both linear (Evan's and cella media ratios) and volume (planimetry and grid ratios) measurements of ventricular size. There were no differences between the two groups on any of the measures obtained. These results are discussed in relation to previous reports showing ventricular enlargement in schizophrenics. The relatively younger age and briefer period of hospitalization in this present sample are suggested as variables possibly associated with these findings.

Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Reveley
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Considerable Range ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryThere has been a considerable range in both the prevalence of ventricular enlargement and values for ventricular size of both schizophrenics and controls, in studies using computerised tomography (CT). The CT scans of 19 unrelated chronic schizophrenics, all of monozygotic (MZ) twin birth, and 36 age-and-sex-matched normal twins from 18 MZ pairs were examined by linear, planimetric, and semi-automated computerised methods. All methods distinguished schizophrenics from controls at approximately the same level of significance, but partial volume artefact led to a greater than two-fold variation in apparent ventricular size, and significantly reduced the validity and reliability of mechanical planimetric and linear measures. Measurement error may be an important source of artefact in uncontrolled studies using those techniques, and when comparing absolute values across studies, but the use of computerised methods should significantly reduce this source of artefact and allow more meaningful comparison.

Cerebral investigation of healthy siblings of schizophrenics

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mourot ◽  
T d'Amato ◽  
T Rochet ◽  
M Marie-Cardine ◽  
C Artéaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Unrelated Control ◽  
Healthy Siblings ◽  
Ct Studies

SummaryComputed tomography (CT) studies have demonstrated that lateral ventricular size measured by ventricular brain ratio (VBR), as well as third ventricle width, is statistically enlarged in schizophrenics. Moreover, these cerebral abnormalities differ according to symptomatology evaluated with a positive and negative symptom scale. The aim of this study was to investigate, using CT scans, healthy siblings of schizophrenics, and relate the results to their ill siblings. Nineteen healthy siblings of 12 previously studied schizophrenics underwent CT scans, which were compared to those of their related schizophrenic sibling and to 17 unrelated control subjects. The results showed that in ten of 12 families, schizophrenics have larger ventricles (lateral and third ventricles) than their healthy siblings. Ventricular enlargement of healthy siblings was correlated with severity of negative symptoms of their ill sibling. Implications of a familial contribution for ventricular size and negative symptoms are discussed.

Influence of the rate of ventricular enlargement on the white matter water content in progressive feline hydrocephalus

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Futoshi Takei ◽  
Kenneth Shapiro ◽  
Ira Kohn
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Dural Opening ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The effectiveness of transependymal absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in hydrocephalus was studied by correlating the measured water content of feline hydrocephalic white matter with the rate of enlargement of the ventricles. Two groups of cats were subjected to opening of either the calvaria or the calvaria and dura before the intracisternal injection of kaolin to obtain two profiles of ventricular enlargement. The water content 1, 2, and 3 mm from the lateral ventricles was measured in each group using the dry/wet weight and microgravimetric techniques after sacrificing the animals in each group at 2, 3, or 6 weeks after inducing hydrocephalus. In the animals with both calvarial and dural opening, the ventricles enlarged rapidly in the first 2 to 3 weeks and then continued to increase but at a slower rate. Concomitant with this early increase of ventricular size was a progressive increase in white matter water content both adjacent to and remote from the ventricles, which continued through 6 weeks. When only the calvaria was opened, ventricular size increased gradually, but continued to increase at a constant rate throughout the 6 weeks. Water content adjacent to the ventricle did not increase until the 3rd week, with little spread to adjacent areas by the 6th week. The central canals of the spinal cord were enlarged in both groups at all sampling levels. Neither increased periventricular water nor dilatation of the central canal was associated with stabilization of ventricular size in these studies. The authors conclude that these pathways are not sufficient to arrest the hydrocephalic process in these models.

Third ventricular enlargement on CT scans in schizophrenia: Association with cerebellar atrophy

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry A. Nasrallah ◽  
Charles G. Jacoby ◽  
Suzanne Chapman ◽  
Mona McCalley-Whitters
Keyword(s):  
Cerebellar Atrophy ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement

Ventricular Size and CSF Transmitter Metabolite Concentrations in Severe Endogenous Depression

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. A. S. Standish-Barry ◽  
N. Bouras ◽  
A. S. Hale ◽  
P. K. Bridges ◽  
J. R. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Free Tryptophan ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between neurotransmitter metabolite concentrations and measurements of ventricular size on CAT scans and pneumoencephalographs was investigated in 15 patients with severe affective disorder. An association was identified between reduced levels of plasma free tryptophan and ventricular enlargement and also between raised ventricular CSF levels of 5 HIAA and ventricular enlargement.

scholarly journals Structural brain abnormalities in early-onset schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (3b) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Lombardo Ferrari ◽  
Luci Kimura ◽  
Luciana M. Nita ◽  
Hélio Elkis
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Structural Brain

BACKGROUND: Few studies investigated brain abnormalities in early onset schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: To assess computed tomography (CT) abnormalities in patients with childhood or adolescence onset schizophrenia. Method: CT scans of patients with childhood (6 to 11 years old) (N=6) or adolescence (12-17 years old) (N=9) schizophrenia were compared to normal controls. Patients were diagnosed based on the DSM-III-R criteria. Ventricular enlargement was measured by the Ventricle to Brain Ratio (VBR) and Cortical Atrophy (pre-frontal prominence) was measured by the Pre-Frontal Atrophy Index (PFAI). RESULTS: There was a significant difference in VBR, but not in PFAI, between subjects and controls [8.26±2.79, and 5.71±3.26 (p=0.029)], and [2.72±1.77, and 3.21±1.53 (p=0.424)], respectively. There were no differences of VBR and PFAI between children and adolescents with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION: Compared to controls, patients with child or adolescent onset schizophrenia exhibit more pronounced ventricular enlargement. There were no differences regarding prefrontal atrophy.

Cerebral Ventricular Enlargement in Non-Genetic Schizophrenia: a Controlled Twin Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianne M. Reveley ◽  
Michael A. Reveley ◽  
Robin M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Birth Complications ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Major Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
History Of

SummaryIn a group of schizophrenics of twin birth, no evidence of ventricular enlargement was found where there was a family history of major psychiatric disorder. Among those schizophrenics without such a family history, cerebral ventricular size was significantly increased (P <0.01), and there was also evidence of birth complications. Among normal control twins, those who reported complicated births had significantly larger ventricles.

Hypothyroidism as a Correlate of Lateral Ventricular Enlargement in Manic-Depressive and Neurotic Illness

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve C. Johnstone ◽  
D. G. C. Owens ◽  
T. J. Crow ◽  
N. Colter ◽  
Claire A. Lawton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Standard Deviations

Lateral ventricular size, as assessed by computed tomography, was not significantly greater in manic-depressive cases than in neurotic patients, but 19% of manic-depressive cases had ventricular brain ratios (VBR) more than two standard deviations above the neurotic mean. Few correlates of VBR were found in the features of the illness and the treatment given, apart from the fact that in the outpatient sample, there was a significant association between increased VBR and hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism was relatively common in this sample, but was treated and not associated with cognitive impairment. There was no relationship between lithium administration and VBR.

Selective subcortical abnormalities in autism

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jacobson ◽  
A. Le Couteur ◽  
P. Howlin ◽  
M. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Interhemispheric Fissure ◽  
Ct Brain

SynopsisNine physically healthy, adult autistic men, with normal or near normal intelligence, and 13 healthy male controls were examined in a CT brain scan study. CT scans were analysed with a fully automated computer-assisted program, and regional brain radiodensities were measured with careful attention to artefacts. Autistic patients revealed significantly larger third, but not lateral, ventricular size and significantly lower mean caudate, but equivalent mean frontal and thalamic, radiodensities compared to controls. The sizes of the Sylvian fissures and interhemispheric fissure were equivalent between groups. The findings are consistent with selective subcortical abnormalities in autism.

Increased Intraventricular Pressure without Ventriculomegaly in Children with Shunts

Neurosurgery ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Engel ◽  
Peter W. Carmel ◽  
Abe M. Chutorian
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Shunt Revision ◽  
Intraventricular Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Shunt Dependency

Abstract Five patients with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus were observed to have apparently normal ventricular size despite marked increases in ventricular pressure after shunt malfunction. Elastance (dP/dV) was determined in four of these patients by removing increments of cerebrospinal fluid and measuring the resulting pressure. These patients without ventricular enlargement and with markedly increased ventricular pressure had high elastance. This group of patients with “normal volume” hydrocephalus had distal shunt occlusions, in contrast to previously reported patients with cephalic shunt obstructions after ventricular decompression. Initial shunting in early infancy, prolonged shunt dependency, and lack of recent shunt revision were common factors in these patients. Markedly elevated pressure with normal volume is a threatening clinical entity, requiring prompt surgical intervention.

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