Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Reveley
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Considerable Range ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryThere has been a considerable range in both the prevalence of ventricular enlargement and values for ventricular size of both schizophrenics and controls, in studies using computerised tomography (CT). The CT scans of 19 unrelated chronic schizophrenics, all of monozygotic (MZ) twin birth, and 36 age-and-sex-matched normal twins from 18 MZ pairs were examined by linear, planimetric, and semi-automated computerised methods. All methods distinguished schizophrenics from controls at approximately the same level of significance, but partial volume artefact led to a greater than two-fold variation in apparent ventricular size, and significantly reduced the validity and reliability of mechanical planimetric and linear measures. Measurement error may be an important source of artefact in uncontrolled studies using those techniques, and when comparing absolute values across studies, but the use of computerised methods should significantly reduce this source of artefact and allow more meaningful comparison.

Cerebral Ventricular Enlargement in Non-Genetic Schizophrenia: a Controlled Twin Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianne M. Reveley ◽  
Michael A. Reveley ◽  
Robin M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Birth Complications ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Major Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
History Of

SummaryIn a group of schizophrenics of twin birth, no evidence of ventricular enlargement was found where there was a family history of major psychiatric disorder. Among those schizophrenics without such a family history, cerebral ventricular size was significantly increased (P <0.01), and there was also evidence of birth complications. Among normal control twins, those who reported complicated births had significantly larger ventricles.

Cerebral investigation of healthy siblings of schizophrenics

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mourot ◽  
T d'Amato ◽  
T Rochet ◽  
M Marie-Cardine ◽  
C Artéaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Unrelated Control ◽  
Healthy Siblings ◽  
Ct Studies

SummaryComputed tomography (CT) studies have demonstrated that lateral ventricular size measured by ventricular brain ratio (VBR), as well as third ventricle width, is statistically enlarged in schizophrenics. Moreover, these cerebral abnormalities differ according to symptomatology evaluated with a positive and negative symptom scale. The aim of this study was to investigate, using CT scans, healthy siblings of schizophrenics, and relate the results to their ill siblings. Nineteen healthy siblings of 12 previously studied schizophrenics underwent CT scans, which were compared to those of their related schizophrenic sibling and to 17 unrelated control subjects. The results showed that in ten of 12 families, schizophrenics have larger ventricles (lateral and third ventricles) than their healthy siblings. Ventricular enlargement of healthy siblings was correlated with severity of negative symptoms of their ill sibling. Implications of a familial contribution for ventricular size and negative symptoms are discussed.

Serum and CSF Antibody Titres to Seven Common Viruses in Schizophrenic Patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. King ◽  
S. J. Cooper ◽  
J. A. P. Earle ◽  
S. J. Martin ◽  
N. V. McFerran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Current Medication ◽  
Viral Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryCSF and matched serum antibody titres to seven common viruses were measured in 20 chronic schizophrenic patients, and 17 of these were age and sex-matched with orthopaedic controls. CT scans were carried out in patients and age and sex-matched radiological controls. There was a trend for CSF viral antibody titres (except CMV, HSV and VZV) to be decreased in the patients compared to controls, statistically significant for mumps and IgG. The CSF/serum ratios showed a reduction in the patients, compared to controls, statistically significant for measles and rubella as well as mumps and IgG. Cerebral ventricular size was significantly increased in the patients compared to controls, but did not correlate with any of the antibody data. These findings suggest that there is a reduced immune response to certain common viruses in the CNS of schizophrenic patients, but possible effects of institutionalisation or current medication could only be adequately excluded by further prospective studies.

Normal Ventricles in Young Schizophrenics

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Benes ◽  
Pearson Sunderland ◽  
Barry D. Jones ◽  
Marjorie J. LeMay ◽  
Bruce M. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Younger Age

SummaryThe CT scans of 11 schizophrenics and 26 controls were evaluated for both linear (Evan's and cella media ratios) and volume (planimetry and grid ratios) measurements of ventricular size. There were no differences between the two groups on any of the measures obtained. These results are discussed in relation to previous reports showing ventricular enlargement in schizophrenics. The relatively younger age and briefer period of hospitalization in this present sample are suggested as variables possibly associated with these findings.

Neuroradiological findings in post partum psychiatric disorder

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Becker ◽  
E Hofmann ◽  
M Knoche ◽  
M Lanczik
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryCT findings in 17 patients and MRI in one patient with post partum psychiatric disorder (PPPD; psychosis: n = 17, depressive neurosis: n = 1) were compared with randomly selected CT scans in non-PPPD patients matched for age and sex. In the PPPD group, 13 examinations (controls: 8) revealed one or several abnormal findings such as sulcal widening, ventricular enlargement and asymmetry. There was a higher prevalence of abnormal CT/MRI findings in the PPPD group (trend, P < 0.1).

Determination of Spreading Motive Levels of Elite Hearing-impaired Sportsmen

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Osman Kusan ◽  
Hasan Erdem Mumcu ◽  
Abdulkerim Çeviker ◽  
Ömer Zambak ◽  
Onur Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Educational Status ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
National Team ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Age Range

This study was conducted to investigate the sub-scales of sports instructions of elite athletes with hearing impairment or hearing loss due to different reasons. A total of 173 hearing-impaired athletes constituted of 54 female and 119 male athletes who are active national team athletes in the age range of 15-25 years. The study was conducted based on Self Determination Theory of Deci and Ryan [9] and on the developed Sports Motivation Scale, Pelletier et al. [24] Kazak [18] applied the validity and reliability of the scale for Turkish athletes. Accordingly, since the p_values calculated for the inner motivation sub-scale and its sub-scales are less than the value of α = .05 which is taken as the level of significance, there is a statistically significant difference in the average scores of the hearing-impaired athletes in their internal motivations and sub-scales. According to gender and educational status, there was no difference in the motivation of the hearing-impaired athletes. According to the age variable, it was seen that older athletes had more external connections. Considering the general motivation scores, the athletes in tennis and swimming were less motivated than others. Elite hearing-impaired athletes are affected by both internal and external impulses. However, internal motivation scores are higher than the external. Internal motivation scores are seen as the lowest in the branch swimming area.

scholarly journals The effect of using blended learning strategy on science achievement among fourth grade students in Tafila Governorate Basira Education Directorate: أثر استخدام استراتيجية التعلم المتمازج في تحصيل العلوم لدى طلبة الصف الرابع الأساسي في محافظة الطفيلة مديرية تعليم بصيرا

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (30) ◽  
pp. 104-118
Author(s):  
Huda Abdalsalam Alzidaneen Huda Abdalsalam Alzidaneen
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Science Achievement ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study aimed to find out the effect of the blended learning strategy on the achievement of the fourth-grade students in the basic science subject in the Basira Basira Directorate of Education in Tafila Governorate. The study members were selected by intentional method, and they numbered (52) students from fourth grade students in Al-Harith Basic School for Boys, and the two divisions were randomly assigned and distributed into two divisions. One of them is a control group, which was (27) students who were taught the traditional strategy, and the other is (25) students as an experimental one who learned the blended learning strategy. Its validity and reliability were verified and then applied to the study sample. The results of the study showed a statistically significant difference in the achievement of the study sample at the level of significance )α≤0.05) between the averages of the scores of the two study groups in favor of the experimental group that learned with the blended learning strategy. Achieving science among fourth-grade students in Tafila Governorate by securing the necessary infrastructure to facilitate the application of blended learning by equipping laboratories and ensuring the validity of the Internet.

scholarly journals The metopic index: an anthropometric index for the quantitative assessment of trigonocephaly from metopic synostosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Y. Wang ◽  
Amir H. Dorafshar ◽  
Ann Liu ◽  
Mari L. Groves ◽  
Edward S. Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Control Group ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Metopic Synostosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Age And Sex

OBJECTIVE Because the metopic suture normally fuses during infancy, there are varying degrees of severity in head shape abnormalities associated with premature fusion. A method for the objective and reproducible assessment of metopic synostosis is needed to guide management, as current methods are limited by their reliance on aesthetic markers. The object of this study was to describe the metopic index (MI), a simple anthropometric cranial measurement. The measurements can be obtained from CT scans and, more importantly, from palpable cranial landmarks, and the index provides a rapid tool for evaluating patients in both pre- and postoperative settings. METHODS High-resolution head CT scans obtained in 69 patients (age range 0–24 months) diagnosed with metopic craniosynostosis were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative 3D reconstructions were available in 15 cases, and these were compared with 3D reconstructions of 324 CT scans obtained in a control group of 316 infants (age range 0–24 months) who did not have any condition that might affect head size or shape and also in a subset of this group, comprising 112 patients precisely matched to the craniosynostosis patients with respect to age and sex. Postoperative scans were available and reviewed in 9 of the craniosynostosis patients at a mean time of 7.1 months after surgical repair. 3D reconstructions of these scans were matched with controls based upon age and sex. RESULTS The mean preoperative MI for patients with trigonocephaly was 0.48 (SD 0.05), significantly lower than the mean values of 0.57 (SD 0.04) calculated on the basis of all 324 scans obtained in controls (p < 0.001) and 0.58 (SD 0.04) for the subset of 112 age- and sex-matched controls (p < 0.001). For 7 patients with both pre- and postoperative CT scans available for evaluation, the mean postoperative MI was 0.55 (SD 0.03), significantly greater than their preoperative MIs (mean 0.48 [SD 0.04], p = 0.001) and comparable to the mean MI of the controls (p = 0.30). In 4 patients, clinically obtained postoperative MIs by caliper measurement were comparable to measurements derived from CT (p = 0.141). CONCLUSIONS The MI is a useful measurement of the severity of trigonocephaly in patients with metopic synostosis. This simple quantitative assessment can potentially be used in the clinical setting to guide preoperative evaluation, surgical repair, and postoperative degree of correction.

A Study of Environmental awareness among the students at Shaqra University and its relationship with sustainable development: دراسة مستوى الوعي البيئي لدى طالبات جامعة شقراء وعلاقته بالتنمية المستدامة

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Hanafy Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Fourth Level ◽  
The One ◽  
Level Of Significance

The current study focused on measuring environmental awareness and its relationship to the variables of specialization and age, on the one hand, and its relationship to sustainable development among Shaqra University students in Shaqra in the second semester of the year 2018/2019 where the research community included three colleges, namely the College of Education, the College of Sciences and Humanities and the College of Applied Medical Sciences, In order to achieve the research objectives, the choice was made on the scale of environmental awareness that was used by (Al- Badrani, 2004), citing (Al- Dakhil, 2000), which consists of two axes, the first axis concerns environmental information and the second axis is concerned with the attitude towards the environment and adjustments were made to be ready for implementation as was the Confirmed the validity and reliability of the scale appropriate ways. The sample of the study was 110 female students, who were selected from the control sample Fourth level female students, the results of the research showed that the level of environmental awareness among the three college students is lower than the default test, 70% of the degree of the questionnaire, where the average awareness of the students reached 58.32%. The results also showed an inverse relationship between environmental information and behavior towards the environment. Statistical significance according to the speciality or age variable at the level of indication α= 0.05 The research also showed a strong correlation between environmental awareness and the information of female students on sustainable development of the environment at the level of significance α= 0. 01 and a number of recommendations were made that aim to raise the level of environmental awareness for students and activate the diffusion of green culture to protect the environment.

scholarly journals A multi-label classification model for full slice brain computerised tomography image

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Li ◽  
Guanghui Fu ◽  
Yueda Chen ◽  
Pengzhi Li ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Screening of the brain computerised tomography (CT) images is a primary method currently used for initial detection of patients with brain trauma or other conditions. In recent years, deep learning technique has shown remarkable advantages in the clinical practice. Researchers have attempted to use deep learning methods to detect brain diseases from CT images. Methods often used to detect diseases choose images with visible lesions from full-slice brain CT scans, which need to be labelled by doctors. This is an inaccurate method because doctors detect brain disease from a full sequence scan of CT images and one patient may have multiple concurrent conditions in practice. The method cannot take into account the dependencies between the slices and the causal relationships among various brain diseases. Moreover, labelling images slice by slice spends much time and expense. Detecting multiple diseases from full slice brain CT images is, therefore, an important research subject with practical implications. Results In this paper, we propose a model called the slice dependencies learning model (SDLM). It learns image features from a series of variable length brain CT images and slice dependencies between different slices in a set of images to predict abnormalities. The model is necessary to only label the disease reflected in the full-slice brain scan. We use the CQ500 dataset to evaluate our proposed model, which contains 1194 full sets of CT scans from a total of 491 subjects. Each set of data from one subject contains scans with one to eight different slice thicknesses and various diseases that are captured in a range of 30 to 396 slices in a set. The evaluation results present that the precision is 67.57%, the recall is 61.04%, the F1 score is 0.6412, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) is 0.8934. Conclusion The proposed model is a new architecture that uses a full-slice brain CT scan for multi-label classification, unlike the traditional methods which only classify the brain images at the slice level. It has great potential for application to multi-label detection problems, especially with regard to the brain CT images.

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