Trypanosomes of small mammals in southern Ontario

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. K. Woo ◽  
D. R. Grant ◽  
L. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Southern Ontario

Using the haematocrit centrifuge technique, 53 of 619 small mammals from seven areas in southern Ontario were found to be infected with three species of trypanosomes. Trypanosoma microti was found in 10 of 374 (2.7%) Microtus pennsylvanicus examined from two of five locations. Thirty-five of 102 (34%) of Tamias striatus from one area were infected with Trypanosoma tamiasi and over 94% (33 of 35) of the infected animals were juveniles. This would indicate that the trypanosome is primarily a parasite of juveniles. A trypanosome which was tentatively identified as Trypanosoma soricis was found in 8 of 36 (22%) Blarina brevicauda; it was recorded from two of four areas where the shrews were caught. A detailed description of the trypanosome was given because the original description was inadequate. No trypanosome was found in 74 Peromyscus maniculatus, 31 Mus musculus, and 2 Zapus hudsonius examined.

scholarly journals Urine marking of cages and visual isolation as possible sources of error in behavioural studies of small mammals

1971 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne I. Dagg ◽  
W. L. Bell ◽  
D. E. Windsor
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Mesocricetus Auratus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Urine Marking

Chipmunks ( Tamias striatus), jumping mice ( Zapus hudsonius), voles ( Microtus pennsylvanicus), deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculalus), hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus), house mice ( Mus musculus) and gerbils ( Meriones unguiculalus) were individually confined in dark cages. A corner of each cage had been marked with dried urine. Animals tended (311 of 461 tests) to urinate in the marked corner. Animals did not usually urinate (except adult gerbils) or defecate (except hamsters) in their nests. The effect of visual isolation of individual mice was not apparent in organ weights, but did lead to altered behaviour.

Ectoparasites and other associates of some insectivores and rodents from New Brunswick

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2787-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Whitaker Jr ◽  
Thomas W. French
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Clethrionomys Gapperi ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Host Individual ◽  
Napaeozapus Insignis ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
Provincial Park

Ectoparasites and other associates were examined from seven species of insectivores and nine species of rodents from Mount Carleton Provincial Park, New Brunswick. The most abundant forms found were (at least 2.0 per host individual) the following: Orycteroxenus soricis and Amorphacarus hengererorum on Sorex cinereus and on Sorex (Microsorex) hoyi; A. hengererorum and O. soricis on Sorex fumeus; O. soricis, Miyatrombicula esoensis, and Ixodes angustus on Sorex gaspensis; O. soricis, I. angustus, Pygmephorus horridus, and Protomyobia americana on Blarina brevicauda; M. esoensis, Protomyobia claparedei, and Glycyphagus hypudaei on Sorex palustris; Orycteroxenus canadensis, O. soricis, P. horridus, G. hypudaei, Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes, and Haemogamasus ambulans on Condylura cristata. More abundant ectoparasites of the rodents were as follows: G. hypudaei, Listrophorus mexicanus, M. esoensis, Neotrombicula harperi, and Radfordia lemnina on Clethrionomys gapperi; G. hypudaei, L. mexicanus, M. esoensis, N. harperi, and Laelaps kochi on Microtus chrotorrhinus; L. mexicanus, G. hypudaei, Radfordia hylandi, Laelaps alaskensis, M. esoensis, Polyplax alaskensis, L. kochi, N. harperi, and Myocoptes j. japonensis on Microtus pennsylvanicus; Listrophorus synaptomys, Hoplopleura acanthopus, L. alaskensis, G. hypudaei, M. esoensis, I. angustus, R. hylandi, and N. harperi on Synaptomys cooperi; all of these except the last one on Synaptomys borealis; M. esoensis on Peromyscus maniculatus; Dermacarus newyorkensis on Zapus hudsonius; D. newyorkensis, N. harperi, Radfordia ewingi, and G. hypudaei on Napaeozapus insignis; Dermacarus hylandi, N. harperi, Megabothris acerbus, and M. esoensis on Tamias striatus.

Three new itch mites from Canadian small mammals (Acarina: Psorergatidae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico J. J. Kok ◽  
Fritz S. Lukoschus ◽  
Frank V. Clulowi
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Sorex Cinereus

Three new Psorergates species parasitic in epithelium of the external ear of Sorex cinereus Kerr, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord), and Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner) are described and figured in detail. Distinctive features of species of the "insectivora" and "dissimilis" groups of the genus Psorergates Tyrell are tabulated.

Control of Small Mammals on a Hardwood Plantation by Poison-Bait Feeders

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Martell ◽  
Andrew Radvanyi
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Southern Ontario

Poison-bait feeder stations were placed on a hardwood plantation in southern Ontario in 1973 to attempt long-term control of a meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) population by continuous dispensing of poisoned grain. Baiting by means of feeders successfully reduced the numbers of meadow voles and maintained them at a low density, about 3-6/ha (1.2-2.4/acre), through April 1976. During the same period, the density of meadow voles on surrounding unpoisoned areas declined from a 1973 peak to about the same as that found on the poisoned plot by fall and winter 1975-76. Despite that low density, less than 4/ha (1.6/acre), severe gnawing and girdling of young hardwoods occurred during winter. Poison-bait feeders are efficient at reducing meadow vole populations from high to low density, but it cannot be assumed that even those low-density populations will not damage hardwood plantations.

Relative abundance, richness, and diversity of small mammals at induced forest edges

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1432-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Sekgororoane ◽  
T. G. Dilworth
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Clethrionomys Gapperi ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Napaeozapus Insignis ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
The University

To determine whether small mammals show "edge effect" at induced forest edges created by harvest cutting, small mammals were snap-trapped from 1990 to 1992 at 5 sites harvested 0–10 years previously in the University of New Brunswick Forest, Fredericton. Nine species were captured in 8686 trap-nights. There was edge effect in older (6–10 years) but not in recent (0–5 years) cuts. This was shown by both high relative abundance for all species combined and species diversity in the ecotone (from 10 m into the harvest cut to 10 m into the forest). Species richness did not show any edge-related pattern. Edge effect with respect to relative abundance was largely due to Peromyscus maniculatus and Clethrionomys gapperi. Peromyscus maniculatus reached the highest relative abundance 10 m in the forest and was not captured beyond 10 m in the harvest cut. Clethrionomys gapperi made use of the forest side of the ecotone and was not captured beyond 5 m in the harvest cut. Napaeozapus insignis, Zapus hudsonius, and Soricidae (Blarina brevicauda, Sorex cinereus, and S. fumeus) showed no attraction to, or avoidance of, the edge.

THE SELECTION BY CERTAIN SMALL MAMMALS OF DEAD, PARASITIZED, AND HEALTHY PREPUPAE OF THE EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY, NEODIPRION SERTIFER (GEOFF.)

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Holling
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Three Phases

Caged Sorex cinereus cinereus Kerr, Blarina brevicauda talpoides Gapper, and Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii Hoy and Kenicott opened more cocoons containing healthy, living sawfly prepupae than ones containing prepupae attacked by fungus. In the field and in the laboratory, S.c.cinereus opened more healthy cocoons than cocoons containing parasites. The reverse appeared to be true for B.b.talpoides. P.m.bairdii opened equal numbers of healthy and parasitized cocoons. The more insectivorous animals exhibited the greatest selective ability. Pretreatment to cocoons of one category affected the selective ability. Pretreating P.m.bairdii to fungus cocoons lowered the ability to select healthy cocoons over fungus cocoons. Pretreating animals to healthy cocoons raised the selective ability. Selection occurred in the digging, removing, opening, and eating phases in the search for cocoons. The closer the phase to the consummatory action, the greater was the degree of selection. The selective ability in the first three phases was acquired with experience. In the final, eating, phase it was innate.

scholarly journals Effect of Blarina brevicauda on trap response of Microtus pennsylvanicus

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Boonstra ◽  
F. Helen Rodd ◽  
David J. Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda

The response of Microtus pennsylvanicus to traps with or without various prior occupants is described. Microtus were most frequently captured in traps previously visited by Microtus, but they showed a significant avoidance of traps previously visited by Blarina brevicauda. However, the probability of entry into such traps was no lower than into traps previously visited by other rodent species (Mus musculus, Peromyscus leucopus, or Zapus hudsonicus). There was an even lower probability of entry into traps which were previously empty. Blarina had a significantly higher probability of entering traps previously capturing Blarina than traps previously capturing Microtus or no one. We conclude that this evidence gives no support for the hypothesis that Blarina is a significant predator of Microtus pennsylvanicus.

An 11-year study of small mammal populations at Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2156-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Relevant Factors

Mont St. Hilaire has an area of about 10 km2 covered by sugar maple and beech forest. Longworth traps were used on 46 grids from 1966 to 1976 in the snow-free period, mainly in June. One thousand and fifty-one individuals of 10 species of small mammals were captured. Two-thirds of these were Peromyscus, mainly P. maniculatus. Six female and one male Microtus pennsylvanicus were captured, all at least 1000 m from the nearest grassland, which is the usual habitat of this species.Within the forest the species apparently do not segregate into different habitats. Distribution, as measured by the number of grids on which each species was captured, is a function of total numbers. The relationship holds intraspecifically and interspecifically. Peromyscus (species combined), Clethrionomys gapperi, and Blarina brevicauda varied in June numbers from year to year. The range of variation was greatest for Peromyscus. Numbers of Peromyscus and Clethrionomys did not vary synchronously, and neither showed evidence of a regular periodicity in their fluctuations. Regular periodicity in fluctuations appears to be more prevalent in boreal forest populations than in deciduous forest populations. Some of the relevant factors are discussed.Le Mont Saint-Hilaire a une superficie d'environ 10 km2 et est recouvert d'une forêt d'érables à sucre et de hêtres. On a utilisé des pièges Longworth dans 46 sections d'un quadrillage, de 1966 à 1976, durant la période sans neige, surtout en juin. On a recueilli de cette façon 1051 petits mammifères appartenant à 10 espèces. Les deux-tiers de ces animaux appartiennent au genre Peromyscus, et ce sont surtout des P. maniculatus. Six femelles et un mâle de Microtus pennsylvanicus ont été capturés, tous à au moins 1000 m de la prairie la plus proche, environnement habituel de cette espèce.

STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF TAENIA CRASSICEPS (ZEDER, 1800) RUDOLPHI, 1810 (CESTODA)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reino S. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Initial Rate ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
New Host ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Marmota Monax ◽  
New Host Records

Taenia crassiceps was common in Vulpes fulva examined from southern Ontario. Metacestodes occurred naturally in Microtus pennsylvanicus, Marmota monax, Tamias striatus, and Ondatra zibethicus, and Peromyscus maniculatus, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, and Sciurus carolinensis were infected experimentally; all rodents are new host records. Cysticerci developed into adults in dogs or foxes within 5 to 6 weeks; five coyote pups resisted infection. Development of the metacestode was followed mainly in white mice. Infections were most common subcutaneously, but also occurred in both body cavities. Mice approximately 4 weeks of age were most susceptible. Asexual reproduction occurred by exogenous, and rarely endogenous, budding from the abscolex pole beginning approximately 3 weeks after infection. Metacestodes in various stages of development were injected into mice subcutaneously, intrapleurally, but mainly intraperitoneally. Subsequent development and reproduction were similar to that following infection with eggs. Apparently all metacestodes are capable of budding. The initial rate of reproduction was higher subcutaneously and intrapleurally than intraperitoneally, but within approximately 100 days the rate became higher and continued higher intraperitoneally than elsewhere. Reproduction never reached a logarithmic rate. Metacestodes inoculated serially up to 21 times at 50-day intervals increased greatly in size and continued budding. Four other series were maintained by serial subinoculation at 50-day intervals through 23 generations without a significant change in the rate of reproduction.

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