THE SELECTION BY CERTAIN SMALL MAMMALS OF DEAD, PARASITIZED, AND HEALTHY PREPUPAE OF THE EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY, NEODIPRION SERTIFER (GEOFF.)

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Holling
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Three Phases

Caged Sorex cinereus cinereus Kerr, Blarina brevicauda talpoides Gapper, and Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii Hoy and Kenicott opened more cocoons containing healthy, living sawfly prepupae than ones containing prepupae attacked by fungus. In the field and in the laboratory, S.c.cinereus opened more healthy cocoons than cocoons containing parasites. The reverse appeared to be true for B.b.talpoides. P.m.bairdii opened equal numbers of healthy and parasitized cocoons. The more insectivorous animals exhibited the greatest selective ability. Pretreatment to cocoons of one category affected the selective ability. Pretreating P.m.bairdii to fungus cocoons lowered the ability to select healthy cocoons over fungus cocoons. Pretreating animals to healthy cocoons raised the selective ability. Selection occurred in the digging, removing, opening, and eating phases in the search for cocoons. The closer the phase to the consummatory action, the greater was the degree of selection. The selective ability in the first three phases was acquired with experience. In the final, eating, phase it was innate.

Relative abundance, richness, and diversity of small mammals at induced forest edges

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1432-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Sekgororoane ◽  
T. G. Dilworth
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Clethrionomys Gapperi ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Napaeozapus Insignis ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
The University

To determine whether small mammals show "edge effect" at induced forest edges created by harvest cutting, small mammals were snap-trapped from 1990 to 1992 at 5 sites harvested 0–10 years previously in the University of New Brunswick Forest, Fredericton. Nine species were captured in 8686 trap-nights. There was edge effect in older (6–10 years) but not in recent (0–5 years) cuts. This was shown by both high relative abundance for all species combined and species diversity in the ecotone (from 10 m into the harvest cut to 10 m into the forest). Species richness did not show any edge-related pattern. Edge effect with respect to relative abundance was largely due to Peromyscus maniculatus and Clethrionomys gapperi. Peromyscus maniculatus reached the highest relative abundance 10 m in the forest and was not captured beyond 10 m in the harvest cut. Clethrionomys gapperi made use of the forest side of the ecotone and was not captured beyond 5 m in the harvest cut. Napaeozapus insignis, Zapus hudsonius, and Soricidae (Blarina brevicauda, Sorex cinereus, and S. fumeus) showed no attraction to, or avoidance of, the edge.

The Use of a Virus Disease in the Biological Control of the European Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Fungus Disease

The European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.), is a serious defoliator of pine in many parts of Europe and Asia. Infestations of this insect have been controlled by weather, and frequently high percentages are destroyed by parasitic and predacinus insects, by small mammals, and by birds. Infectious diseases are most frequently reported as having controlled outbreaks, namely: virus disease (4, 5), bacterial disease (12). fungus disease (8), bacterial and fungus diseases (7, 11), a disease not diagnosed (9).

CANDLING AND SIGHTING TECHNIQUES USED IN LASER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY, NEODIPRION SERTIFER (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Kobylnyk
Keyword(s):  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Transmitted Light ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Avian Eggs ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Zoology Department

Laser treatment of larval and pupal stages within cocoons of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) requires an accurate assessment of viability and the antero-posterior alignment of the cocoon content. The use of the candling technique to assess qualitative features of avian eggs depends on the translucency of the egg shell and the differences in light transmission by other elements within it (Romanoff and Romanoff 1949). Transmitted-light methods have been employed for insects within cocoons by Cushman (1913) and Hanna (1935). A type of candling technique different from previous methods and which was developed in the Zoology Department, University of Guelph, enables N. sertifer cocoon content to be ascertained and is herein described.

Effects of Temperatures of Rearing on Reproduction of Aptesis basizona (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 799-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thelma Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Pine Sawflies ◽  
European Pine Sawfly

Aptesis basizona (Grav.), a parasite of pine sawflies in Europe, was propagated at Belleville, Ont. (Green, 1938) for release against the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.), the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) and other Diprionidae. Development of the insects in the laboratory was allowed to continue until feeding was completed and cocoons were spun, and was then retarded by placing the insects in cold storage pending shipment to release areas. Frequently stock for propagation was incubated after a period of cold storage, and occasionally the schedule was interrupted by decreases in the reproductive capacity of the adults. It seemed that there was some relationship between the fertility of the adults and the temperatures at which the immature stages were held, both while feeding and after they had reached the fully-fed stage. Experiments were initiated to investigate this hypothesis.

Three new itch mites from Canadian small mammals (Acarina: Psorergatidae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico J. J. Kok ◽  
Fritz S. Lukoschus ◽  
Frank V. Clulowi
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Sorex Cinereus

Three new Psorergates species parasitic in epithelium of the external ear of Sorex cinereus Kerr, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord), and Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner) are described and figured in detail. Distinctive features of species of the "insectivora" and "dissimilis" groups of the genus Psorergates Tyrell are tabulated.

scholarly journals Sequence Analysis of the Genome of the Neodiprion sertifer Nucleopolyhedrovirus

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (13) ◽  
pp. 7036-7051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Garcia-Maruniak ◽  
James E. Maruniak ◽  
Paolo M. A. Zanotto ◽  
Aissa E. Doumbouya ◽  
Jaw-Ching Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Finger ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Culex Nigripalpus ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Conserved Core ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Core Genes

ABSTRACT The genome of the Neodiprion sertifer nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeseNPV), which infects the European pine sawfly, N. sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), was sequenced and analyzed. The genome was 86,462 bp in size. The C+G content of 34% was lower than that of the majority of baculoviruses. A total of 90 methionine-initiated open reading frames (ORFs) with more than 50 amino acids and minimal overlapping were found. From those, 43 ORFs were homologous to other baculovirus ORFs, and 29 of these were from the 30 conserved core genes among all baculoviruses. A NeseNPV homolog to the ld130 gene, which is present in all other baculovirus genomes sequenced to date, could not be identified. Six NeseNPV ORFs were similar to non-baculovirus-related genes, one of which was a trypsin-like gene. Only one iap gene, containing a single BIR motif and a RING finger, was found in NeseNPV. Two NeseNPV ORFs (nese18 and nese19) were duplicates transcribed in opposite orientations from each other. NeseNPV did not have an AcMNPV ORF 2 homolog characterized as the baculovirus repeat ORF (bro). Six homologous regions (hrs) were located within the NeseNPV genome, each containing small palindromes embedded within direct repeats. A phylogenetic analysis was done to root the tree based upon the sequences of DNA polymerase genes of NeseNPV, 23 other baculoviruses, and other phyla. Baculovirus phylogeny was then constructed with 29 conserved genes from 24 baculovirus genomes. Culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus (CuniNPV) was the most distantly related baculovirus, branching to the hymenopteran NeseNPV and the lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses and granuloviruses.

Virus Diseases of Sawflies

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
European Pine Sawfly

Although a virus disease of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), has not been discovered, polyhedrosis viruses of several other Tenthredinids are known. They have been used to control infestations of two introduced species: the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.), (Bird, 1954) and the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.), (Bird, 1950, 1952, 1953; Dowden, 1953). Unfortunately, the viruses of these, as well as the viruses of several other species tested, are not pathogenic to the larch sawfly. Some viruses, however, appear to he pathogenic to more than one species. J. M. Burk of this laboratory found, for example, that a polyhedrosis virus affecting the native jackpine sawfly, Neudiprion americanus banksianae Roh., is pathogenic to N. sertifer, N. nanulus Schedl, and D. hercyniae.

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