Relative abundance, richness, and diversity of small mammals at induced forest edges

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1432-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Sekgororoane ◽  
T. G. Dilworth
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Clethrionomys Gapperi ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Napaeozapus Insignis ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
The University

To determine whether small mammals show "edge effect" at induced forest edges created by harvest cutting, small mammals were snap-trapped from 1990 to 1992 at 5 sites harvested 0–10 years previously in the University of New Brunswick Forest, Fredericton. Nine species were captured in 8686 trap-nights. There was edge effect in older (6–10 years) but not in recent (0–5 years) cuts. This was shown by both high relative abundance for all species combined and species diversity in the ecotone (from 10 m into the harvest cut to 10 m into the forest). Species richness did not show any edge-related pattern. Edge effect with respect to relative abundance was largely due to Peromyscus maniculatus and Clethrionomys gapperi. Peromyscus maniculatus reached the highest relative abundance 10 m in the forest and was not captured beyond 10 m in the harvest cut. Clethrionomys gapperi made use of the forest side of the ecotone and was not captured beyond 5 m in the harvest cut. Napaeozapus insignis, Zapus hudsonius, and Soricidae (Blarina brevicauda, Sorex cinereus, and S. fumeus) showed no attraction to, or avoidance of, the edge.

Ectoparasites and other associates of some insectivores and rodents from New Brunswick

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2787-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Whitaker Jr ◽  
Thomas W. French
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Clethrionomys Gapperi ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Host Individual ◽  
Napaeozapus Insignis ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
Provincial Park

Ectoparasites and other associates were examined from seven species of insectivores and nine species of rodents from Mount Carleton Provincial Park, New Brunswick. The most abundant forms found were (at least 2.0 per host individual) the following: Orycteroxenus soricis and Amorphacarus hengererorum on Sorex cinereus and on Sorex (Microsorex) hoyi; A. hengererorum and O. soricis on Sorex fumeus; O. soricis, Miyatrombicula esoensis, and Ixodes angustus on Sorex gaspensis; O. soricis, I. angustus, Pygmephorus horridus, and Protomyobia americana on Blarina brevicauda; M. esoensis, Protomyobia claparedei, and Glycyphagus hypudaei on Sorex palustris; Orycteroxenus canadensis, O. soricis, P. horridus, G. hypudaei, Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes, and Haemogamasus ambulans on Condylura cristata. More abundant ectoparasites of the rodents were as follows: G. hypudaei, Listrophorus mexicanus, M. esoensis, Neotrombicula harperi, and Radfordia lemnina on Clethrionomys gapperi; G. hypudaei, L. mexicanus, M. esoensis, N. harperi, and Laelaps kochi on Microtus chrotorrhinus; L. mexicanus, G. hypudaei, Radfordia hylandi, Laelaps alaskensis, M. esoensis, Polyplax alaskensis, L. kochi, N. harperi, and Myocoptes j. japonensis on Microtus pennsylvanicus; Listrophorus synaptomys, Hoplopleura acanthopus, L. alaskensis, G. hypudaei, M. esoensis, I. angustus, R. hylandi, and N. harperi on Synaptomys cooperi; all of these except the last one on Synaptomys borealis; M. esoensis on Peromyscus maniculatus; Dermacarus newyorkensis on Zapus hudsonius; D. newyorkensis, N. harperi, Radfordia ewingi, and G. hypudaei on Napaeozapus insignis; Dermacarus hylandi, N. harperi, Megabothris acerbus, and M. esoensis on Tamias striatus.

THE SELECTION BY CERTAIN SMALL MAMMALS OF DEAD, PARASITIZED, AND HEALTHY PREPUPAE OF THE EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY, NEODIPRION SERTIFER (GEOFF.)

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Holling
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Three Phases

Caged Sorex cinereus cinereus Kerr, Blarina brevicauda talpoides Gapper, and Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii Hoy and Kenicott opened more cocoons containing healthy, living sawfly prepupae than ones containing prepupae attacked by fungus. In the field and in the laboratory, S.c.cinereus opened more healthy cocoons than cocoons containing parasites. The reverse appeared to be true for B.b.talpoides. P.m.bairdii opened equal numbers of healthy and parasitized cocoons. The more insectivorous animals exhibited the greatest selective ability. Pretreatment to cocoons of one category affected the selective ability. Pretreating P.m.bairdii to fungus cocoons lowered the ability to select healthy cocoons over fungus cocoons. Pretreating animals to healthy cocoons raised the selective ability. Selection occurred in the digging, removing, opening, and eating phases in the search for cocoons. The closer the phase to the consummatory action, the greater was the degree of selection. The selective ability in the first three phases was acquired with experience. In the final, eating, phase it was innate.

Three new itch mites from Canadian small mammals (Acarina: Psorergatidae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico J. J. Kok ◽  
Fritz S. Lukoschus ◽  
Frank V. Clulowi
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Sorex Cinereus

Three new Psorergates species parasitic in epithelium of the external ear of Sorex cinereus Kerr, Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord), and Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner) are described and figured in detail. Distinctive features of species of the "insectivora" and "dissimilis" groups of the genus Psorergates Tyrell are tabulated.

ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS CLADOTAENIA, THE LIFE HISTORIES OF C. GLOBIFERA (BATSCH, 1786) AND C. CIRCI YAMAGUTI, 1935, AND A NOTE ON DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN THE PLEROCERCOIDS OF THE GENERA PARUTERINA AND CLADOTAENIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reino S. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Napaeozapus Insignis ◽  
The World ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
Circus Cyaneus

A review of the taxonomy of the genus Cladotaenia established that at least four species of this genus occur in Europe, Egypt, and Sudan; that four species occur in North America; and that there are 10 valid species in the world. C. circi Yamaguti, 1935 is redescribed from Circus cyaneus hudsonius and Accipiter cooperi, and C. globifera (Batsch, 1786) is redescribed from Accipiter gentilis atricapillus, A. striatus velox, Buteo p. platypterus, B. jamaicensis, and C. cyaneus hudsonius all collected in North America. The development of the plerocercoid of both species is described. Natural infections with the plerocercoid of C. circi, are reported from Peromyscus maniculatus sonoriensis, and with the plerocercoid of C. globifera in the rodents, Clethrionomys gapperi, Napaeozapus insignis, Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis, P. leucopus noveboracensis, Tamias striatus, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, and the insectivore Sorex cinereus. The ratio of the length of the hook to length of guard of the large hooks of Cladolaenia is less than 3.5:1, whereas this ratio is more than 3.5:1 on the large rostellar hooks of Paruterina, which is considered a good criterion for distinguishing the plerocercoids of the two genera.

scholarly journals Relative abundance of the Prairie Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata longicauda) in southwestern Alberta

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Garry E. Hornbeck ◽  
Dan Soprovich
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Capture Probability ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Microtus Spp ◽  
Capture Rates

Prairie Long-tailed Weasels (Mustela frenata longicauda) were live-trapped during fall 2005, 2006, and 2007 at Pine Coulee Reservoir and during fall 2005, 2008, and 2010 at Twin Valley Reservoir in southwestern Alberta. Our objective was to estimate the relative abundance of the Long-tailed Weasel and to estimate the relative abundance of small mammal prey. Body size and capture rates are reported for Long-tailed Weasels, and we report capture rates of small mammals. Annual capture rates for Long-tailed Weasels at Pine Coulee Reservoir were 0.44, 0.41, and 0.50 individuals per 100 corrected trap-nights (0.42, 0.38, and 0.48 individuals/100 trap-nights) in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. No Long-tailed Weasels were captured at Twin Valley Reservoir. The probability of capturing zero Long-tailed Weasels at Twin Valley Reservoir was very low, assuming a true capture probability equivalent to that observed at Pine Coulee Reservoir. Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were the most abundant small mammals captured in both project areas. Few shrews (Sorex spp.) and voles (Microtus spp.) were captured in either area.

Effects of edges and habitats on small mammals in a prairie ecosystem

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2020-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pasitschniak-Arts ◽  
François Messier
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
South Central ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Prairie Ecosystem

To investigate the abundance and distribution of small mammals relative to edge in a fragmented prairie landscape, small mammals were trapped in south-central Saskatchewan from 1991 to 1993 in four different habitat types: idle pasture, delayed hay, dense nesting cover, and rights-of-way. In total, 995 small mammals, representing nine species, were captured on 14 182 trap-nights. No edge effect was recorded in idle pasture or dense nesting cover; however, an edge effect was observed in delayed hay fields. Edge effect across all habitats was dependent on season: relative abundance of small mammals was significantly higher along edges in spring but not in summer. Of the two most common species captured, Peromyscus maniculatus showed no affinity for edges, while Microtus pennsylvanicus was significantly more abundant along edges than in the habitat interior. Relative abundance of small mammals was highest in dense nesting cover, intermediate in delayed hay and along rights-of-way, and lowest in idle pasture. Relative abundance was also lower in spring than in summer. Species richness was higher along edges than in the habitat interior and was also greater in summer than in spring. Species diversity showed no edge or season effect.

SENSORY STIMULI INVOLVED IN THE LOCATION AND SELECTION OF SAWFLY COCOONS BY SMALL MAMMALS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Holling
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

The stimuli responsible for the location and selection of healthy vs. parasitized and diseased sawfly prepupae by Peromyscus maniculalus bairdii Hoy and Kenicott, Sorex cinereus cinereus Kerr, and Blarina brevicauda talpoides Gapper were determined in all phases of the search for buried food. Only olfactory stimuli were involved in the digging, removing, and opening phases, while gustatory stimuli played a part in selection in the eating phase. There were innate preferences and a versions to the gustatory stimuli, but not to the olfactory stimuli. It was only with experience that the animals were able to associate odors from cocoons with the taste of the cocoon contents.The selection of healthy male vs. female cocooned prepupae was also studied. In the digging phase all species dug more holes over the larger female cocoons than over the smaller male cocoons. This selection was not affected by experience and was caused by differences in degree and not kind of odor. In the removing and opening phases S. c. cinereus and P. m. bairdii removed and opened more male than female cocoons, while B. b. talpoides removed and opened more female cocoons. This selection was affected by experience and probably resulted from differences in visual or tactile stimuli. The larger the mammal the greater was the selection for female cocoons.

Trypanosomes of small mammals in southern Ontario

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. K. Woo ◽  
D. R. Grant ◽  
L. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Southern Ontario

Using the haematocrit centrifuge technique, 53 of 619 small mammals from seven areas in southern Ontario were found to be infected with three species of trypanosomes. Trypanosoma microti was found in 10 of 374 (2.7%) Microtus pennsylvanicus examined from two of five locations. Thirty-five of 102 (34%) of Tamias striatus from one area were infected with Trypanosoma tamiasi and over 94% (33 of 35) of the infected animals were juveniles. This would indicate that the trypanosome is primarily a parasite of juveniles. A trypanosome which was tentatively identified as Trypanosoma soricis was found in 8 of 36 (22%) Blarina brevicauda; it was recorded from two of four areas where the shrews were caught. A detailed description of the trypanosome was given because the original description was inadequate. No trypanosome was found in 74 Peromyscus maniculatus, 31 Mus musculus, and 2 Zapus hudsonius examined.

Factors influencing local distribution and species diversity of forest small mammals in New England

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Miller ◽  
Lowell L. Getz
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
New England ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
A Site ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Napeozapus insignis and Blarina brevicauda were more abundant in sites with greater vegetation cover, especially herbaceous vegetation; Peromyscus leucopus and P. maniculatus were more abundant in sites with lesser herbaceous cover. Napeozapus insignis and Clethrionomys gapperi were more abundant in moist sites; B. brevicauda was only slightly more abundant in moist situations. Differences in water availability in their food appeared to be the primary reason for differences in local distributional patterns of the latter two species, both of which have high water requirements. The food of B. brevicauda (invertebrates) has a high water content even in dry sites, while water content of the food of C. gapperi (seeds, plant material, and fungi) reflects more directly soil moisture conditions. Napeozapus insignis, Microtus pinetorum, and Sorex cinereus had the narrowest habitat breadths; habitat breadths of P. leucopus, P. maniculatus, C. gapperi, and B. brevicauda were widest. Only the total number of species of trees and shrubs in a site displayed a correlation (positive) with species diversity of small mammals. Diversity of available food is presumed to be the proximate factor influencing diversity of forest small mammals in New England.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Borrelia mayonii (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) in Field-Caught Tamias striatus (Rodentia: Sciuridae) From Northern Wisconsin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia N Siy ◽  
Ryan T Larson ◽  
Tela E Zembsch ◽  
Xia Lee ◽  
Susan M Paskewitz
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Glaucomys Volans ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Napaeozapus Insignis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sorex Cinereus ◽  
Eastern Chipmunks

Abstract Borrelia mayonii is a recently discovered bacterial spirochete that causes Lyme disease and is transmitted by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae). To date, B. mayonii has been isolated from two vertebrate host species in Minnesota: field-caught white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque; Rodentia: Cricetidae) and American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Erxleben). Here, we describe the first detection of B. mayonii in field-caught eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus L. (Rodentia: Cricetidae)) from northern Wisconsin. During our study, we captured 530 unique small mammals and found an infection prevalence of 23.50% in field-caught eastern chipmunks (4/17) and 1.19% in Peromyscus spp. (5/420). Mean larval and nymphal burdens were determined for captured Blarina brevicauda (0, 0), Glaucomys volans (0.29, 0.14), Myodes gapperi (0.27, 0), Napaeozapus insignis (0, 0.25), Peromyscus spp. (1.88, 0.11), T. striatus (1.06, 0.65), and Sorex cinereus (0.09, 0). The high B. mayonii infection prevalence in eastern chipmunks suggests that the species may be an important reservoir for B. mayonii in the Upper Midwest.

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