GRAIN APHIDS IN NEW BRUNSWICK: I. FIELD DEVELOPMENT ON OATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B. Adams ◽  
Margaret E. Drew
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Field Development

Commonly three species of aphids infest oats in New Brunswick, Canada. These aphids are Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Macrosiphum avenae (Fab.), and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), named in the order of their abundance. Over a 5-year period (1959–1963 incl.) infestations varied from peaks of less than 1 aphid to 250 aphids per tiller. The aphids infested the crop for approximately 7 weeks, from the time the plants were 3 in. high until the panicles had emerged. When the panicle stage was reached (normally in the fourth or fifth week of the infestation), a winged generation of aphids developed and dispersed from the oats, resulting in an abrupt decline in the population.

BIOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF CEREAL AND GRASS APHIDS IN NEW BRUNSWICK (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Orlob
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

The occurrence, distribution, and biology of various cereal and grass aphids were noted in New Brunswick during 1960. Because of the similarity of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) overwintering on Pruneae, and R. fitchii (Sanderson) hibernating on Pomeae, summer forms of these aphids are referred to as the R. padi-fitchii complex. An aphid from Phleum pratense L., very similar and closely related to Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is described as S. graminum phlei ssp. n. Circumstantial evidence indicates that early spring migrants of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) and Macrosiphum avenue (Fabricius) did not originate in the province.

THE AERIAL APHID PLANKTON OVER THE RESEARCH STATION, FREDERICTON, NEW BRUNSWICK, 1967–1969

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B. Adams ◽  
M. E. Drew ◽  
M. E. MacGillivray
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Air Passage

AbstractGauze covers placed over the entrance of one air intake louver (1.52 m × 1.52 m, ht. 11.85 m, air passage 3055.8 cu.m/min) on the penthouse of the Research Station, from May until December, during a 3-year period, trapped more than 150 aphid species. In addition a considerable amount of intercepted aphid material was identified to genus only. A total of 31,482 specimens were trapped over the period.Five species, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), Mindarus abietinus Koch, Alhis craccae Linnaeus, and Capitophorus eleagni (del Guercio), predominated in all years. In 1967 and 1968 more than 100 specimens each of Pterocallis alnifoliae (Fitch), Tinocallis ulmifolii Monell, Myzocallis occultus Richards, Prociphilus americanus (Walker), Capitophorus hippophaes (Walker), Hayhurstia atriplicis (Linnaeus), Thuleaphis rumexicolens (Patch), and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were trapped each year.Once potential development temperatures were reached there was little correlation between mean temperatures and aphid numbers up until frost.The earliest interception was 6 May; general dispersal was under way by 6 June and continued until late November, despite preceding October frost.

GRAIN APHIDS IN NEW BRUNSWICK: II. COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN THE GREENHOUSE OF THREE APHID SPECIES ON FOUR KINDS OF GRASSES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B. Adams ◽  
Margaret E. Drew
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Comparative Development ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Length Of Life

The development of three grain-infesting aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Macrosiphum avenae (Fab.), and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), was studied on four members of the Gramineae: Avena, Triticum, Hordeum, and Poa, in the greenhouse. Wingless R. padi developed most rapidly irrespective of host. In general, winged forms took longer to mature than wingless forms of all species except R. maidis on Avena. Hordeum was the preferred host of all species and on this host R. padi produced per adult 59 nymphs, R. maidis 49, and M. avenae 37. The mean length of life of all species on all hosts was 28.8 days but wide variations occurred on different hosts. Neither R. padi nor R. maidis accepted Poa, nor did R. maidis survive on Triticum under our conditions.

scholarly journals A Recently Discovered Maize Polerovirus Causes Leaf Reddening Symptoms in Several Maize Genotypes and is Transmitted by Both the Corn Leaf Aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) and the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi)

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1589-1592
Author(s):  
Lucy R. Stewart ◽  
Jane Todd ◽  
Kristen Willie ◽  
Deogracious Massawe ◽  
Nitika Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle Virus ◽  
Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

A maize-infecting polerovirus variously named maize yellow dwarf virus RMV2 (MYDV-RMV2) and maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) has been discovered and previously described in East Africa, Asia, and South America. It was identified in virus surveys in these locations instigated by outbreaks of maize lethal necrosis (MLN), known to be caused by coinfections of unrelated maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and any of several maize-infecting potyviruses, and was often found in coinfections with MLN viruses. Although sequenced in many locations globally and named for symptoms of related or coinfecting viruses, and with an infectious clone reported that experimentally infects Nicotiana benthamiana, rudimentary biological characterization of MaYMV in maize, including insect vector(s) and symptoms in single infections, has not been reported until now. We report isolation from other viruses and leaf tip reddening symptoms in several maize genotypes, along with transmission by two aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi and Rhopalosiphum maidis. This is important information distinguishing this virus and demonstrating that in single infections it causes symptoms distinct from those of potyviruses or MCMV in maize, and identification of vectors provides an important framework for determination of potential disease impact and management.

scholarly journals Diversity of aphid pests on the crops in Kanchanpur district, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Mahadev Bista
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Macrosiphum Rosae ◽  
Different Parts

A survey was conducted to explore the aphid pests’ diversity in Kanchanpur district, far-western, Nepal from April 2018 to March 2019. A total of 15 aphid pests were collected and identified, viz. Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Aphis craccivora (Koch), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Aphis fabae (Scopoli), Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), Lipaphis erysmi (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), Rhopalosiphum rufiadominale (Sasaki), Uroleucon compositae (Theobald), and the guava aphid. Exploration of aphid pests showed that they caused serious damages to agricultural crops by attacking different parts of plants.

scholarly journals Diversidade de afídeos na cultura do algodoeiro no município de Campo Verde (MT)

Bragantia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Doniseti Michelotto ◽  
Antonio Carlos Busoli
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Aphis Spiraecola ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Sipha Flava ◽  
Pentalonia Nigronervosa

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a diversidade de afídeos (Hemiptera: Aphididae) na cultura do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) no município de Campo Verde (MT). Os afídeos foram amostrados diretamente nas plantas e através de armadilhas tipo Moericke. As amostragens foram realizadas a cada dois dias, até 60 dias após a germinação das plantas. A espécie Aphis gossypii Glover prevaleceu nas amostragens realizadas sobre as plantas. Formas aladas, de ocorrência acidental na cultura, tais como Aphis spiraecola Patch e Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) também foram observadas. Com as armadilhas tipo Moericke foram capturados 2280 afídeos alados, pertencentes a 13 espécies: R. padi (52,6% do total), A. spiraecola (26,4%), A. gossypii (8,9%), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (5,3%), Geopemphigus floccosus (Moreira) (3,1%), Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas) (1,5%), Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki) (1,3%), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (0,4%), Sipha flava (Forbes) (0,3%), Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Sasaki), Lizerius melanocallis (Quednau) e Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy) (0,1% cada uma). Nas amostragens diretamente sobre as plantas foram observados ápteros e alados de A. gossypii e alados de A. spiraecola e R. padi. Nas armadilhas tipo Moericke, as principais espécies capturadas foram R. padi, A. spiraecola, A. gossypii e R. maidis.

PREVALENCE OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF ON CEREALS IN NEW BRUNSWICK IN 1970, AND EFFECT OF THE VIRUS ON FORAGE YIELD OF OATS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. GILL ◽  
C. H. LAWRENCE ◽  
T. C. CHIASSON
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Large Acreage

Barley yellow dwarf virus was prevalent on a large acreage of late-seeded cereals in the Florenceville and Fredericton areas of New Brunswick in 1970. Areas of diseased plants within fields were successfully located by aerial surveying. The virus, isolated from samples, was transmitted most efficiently by Rhopalosiphum padi and less efficiently by Macrosiphum avenae, Schizaphis graminum and Acyrthosiphon dirhodum, but rarely by R. maidis, and on this basis is a nonspecific strain of barley yellow dwarf virus. The weight of dry matter per ha from diseased forage oats (O.A. 123-1) was 63.1% less than that from healthy oats. The percentage of dry matter for diseased plants averaged 6% less than for healthy plants.

Grain aphids in New Brunswick. IV. Effects of malathion and 2,4-D amine on aphid populations and on yields of oats and barley

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B. Adams ◽  
Margaret E. Drew
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Aphid Populations

Aphid populations on oats (Fundy and Stormont) and barley (Charlottetown 80) were studied in the field and yields of these grains examined under the different levels of aphid infestation resulting from applications of malathion and 2,4-D amine to the crop.Two species of aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Macrosiphum avenae (Fab.), occurred on the grains, and the greatest populations developed on barley. In all cases highest numbers were associated with applications of 2,4-D amine. Applications of this herbicide to similar aphids under laboratory conditions showed that the species differed in their responses as measured by reproduction and longevity.One malathion treatment, applied when aphids were dispersing into the field, reduced ensuing aphid numbers on oats by 29% and on barley by 64%. Yields of oats were increased by 47% and of barley 32% when malathion alone was used. When malathion and 2,4-D amine were applied together, aphid results and yield results were confusing.In all treatments, aphid populations collapsed abruptly once the grain panicle emerged, and in no case did aphids persist more than 10 weeks on either grain.

APHID SURVIVAL AT LOW TEMPERATURES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Aphis Nasturtii

The survival of aphids after different periods of exposure to temperatures of −20° F, 0° F, 10° F, 26° F, and 28° F was examined. None of the nine species, Aulacorthum solani (Kltb.), Myzus ornatus Laing, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thos.), Myzus persicae (Sulz.), Aphis gossypii Glover, Rhopalosiphum padi L., Macrosiphum avenae (Fab.), Myzus lythri (Schrank), and Brevicoryne brassicae L., held at −20° or 0°, survived exposures of even 4 hours; at 10°, 1% of only M. ornatus, M. euphorbiae, and M. persicae survived after 4 hours. Two species, M. ornatus and M. euphorbiae, were examined at 26°; at this temperature more than 50% of both species survived for more than 350 hours. At 28°, five species from greenhouse and field collections survived to the 50% level for the following periods: M. ornatus, 400 hours; M. persicae, 600 hours; Aphis nasturtii Kltb., 675 hours; M. euphorbiae, 700 hours; and Nearctaphis bakeri Cowan, 1300 hours. Collections of "conditioned" M. persicae from outdoors showed an increase in resistance to cold with survival at the 50% level rising from about 300 hours to about 700 hours between July and September. However, survival after 1000 hours did not differ significantly. It is concluded that at least M. persicae and N. bakeri have the potential cold resistance to survive New Brunswick winters in the viviparous state.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document