BIOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF CEREAL AND GRASS APHIDS IN NEW BRUNSWICK (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Orlob
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

The occurrence, distribution, and biology of various cereal and grass aphids were noted in New Brunswick during 1960. Because of the similarity of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) overwintering on Pruneae, and R. fitchii (Sanderson) hibernating on Pomeae, summer forms of these aphids are referred to as the R. padi-fitchii complex. An aphid from Phleum pratense L., very similar and closely related to Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is described as S. graminum phlei ssp. n. Circumstantial evidence indicates that early spring migrants of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) and Macrosiphum avenue (Fabricius) did not originate in the province.

GRAIN APHIDS IN NEW BRUNSWICK: I. FIELD DEVELOPMENT ON OATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B. Adams ◽  
Margaret E. Drew
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Field Development

Commonly three species of aphids infest oats in New Brunswick, Canada. These aphids are Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Macrosiphum avenae (Fab.), and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), named in the order of their abundance. Over a 5-year period (1959–1963 incl.) infestations varied from peaks of less than 1 aphid to 250 aphids per tiller. The aphids infested the crop for approximately 7 weeks, from the time the plants were 3 in. high until the panicles had emerged. When the panicle stage was reached (normally in the fourth or fifth week of the infestation), a winged generation of aphids developed and dispersed from the oats, resulting in an abrupt decline in the population.

THE AERIAL APHID PLANKTON OVER THE RESEARCH STATION, FREDERICTON, NEW BRUNSWICK, 1967–1969

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B. Adams ◽  
M. E. Drew ◽  
M. E. MacGillivray
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Air Passage

AbstractGauze covers placed over the entrance of one air intake louver (1.52 m × 1.52 m, ht. 11.85 m, air passage 3055.8 cu.m/min) on the penthouse of the Research Station, from May until December, during a 3-year period, trapped more than 150 aphid species. In addition a considerable amount of intercepted aphid material was identified to genus only. A total of 31,482 specimens were trapped over the period.Five species, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), Mindarus abietinus Koch, Alhis craccae Linnaeus, and Capitophorus eleagni (del Guercio), predominated in all years. In 1967 and 1968 more than 100 specimens each of Pterocallis alnifoliae (Fitch), Tinocallis ulmifolii Monell, Myzocallis occultus Richards, Prociphilus americanus (Walker), Capitophorus hippophaes (Walker), Hayhurstia atriplicis (Linnaeus), Thuleaphis rumexicolens (Patch), and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were trapped each year.Once potential development temperatures were reached there was little correlation between mean temperatures and aphid numbers up until frost.The earliest interception was 6 May; general dispersal was under way by 6 June and continued until late November, despite preceding October frost.

GRAIN APHIDS IN NEW BRUNSWICK: II. COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN THE GREENHOUSE OF THREE APHID SPECIES ON FOUR KINDS OF GRASSES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean B. Adams ◽  
Margaret E. Drew
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Comparative Development ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Length Of Life

The development of three grain-infesting aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Macrosiphum avenae (Fab.), and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), was studied on four members of the Gramineae: Avena, Triticum, Hordeum, and Poa, in the greenhouse. Wingless R. padi developed most rapidly irrespective of host. In general, winged forms took longer to mature than wingless forms of all species except R. maidis on Avena. Hordeum was the preferred host of all species and on this host R. padi produced per adult 59 nymphs, R. maidis 49, and M. avenae 37. The mean length of life of all species on all hosts was 28.8 days but wide variations occurred on different hosts. Neither R. padi nor R. maidis accepted Poa, nor did R. maidis survive on Triticum under our conditions.

Annual variation in strains of barley yellow dwarf virus in Manitoba, and the occurrence of greenbug-specific isolates

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
High Degree

Seventeen isolates of the aphid-borne barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), collected in southern Manitoba in 1966, were transmitted from oats to oats most efficiently by Rhopalosiphum padi. They were transmitted also by Macrosiphum avenae and all but two were transmitted by Schizaphis graminum and Acyrthosiphon dirhodum. Most of these isolates were not transmitted by R. maidis.Only 3 of 25 isolates collected in 1967 were transmitted by the five species of aphids in a pattern similar to that of the isolates collected in 1966. Twenty of the remainder were transmitted with a moderate to high degree of specificity by R. maidis, R. padi, or S. graminum. Two of the latter isolates were transmitted only by S. graminum. When the transmissibility of one of the isolates, for which S. graminum was the most efficient vector, was examined more critically, both the relative and the specific efficiency of the three vectors varied with the age of the infection in the source plants, though S. graminum was always the most efficient vector.

NITROGENASE ACTIVITY OF ALFALFA GROWN ALONE AND IN MIXTURE WITH GRASS UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-791
Author(s):  
H. A. BURITY ◽  
B. E. COULMAN ◽  
M. A. FARIS
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Nodule Tissue

A greenhouse experiment has shown that total nitrogenase activity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is not significantly affected when grown in association with timothy (Phleum pratense L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) or orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) except after initial harvest when decreased alfalfa activity was associated with smooth bromegrass or orchardgrass. It was concluded that mixed cultures of alfalfa with timothy, smooth bromegrass or orchardgrass have no effect on alfalfa N2 fixation. The results also suggest the occurrence of N transference from alfalfa to associated grasses. It is speculated that this transfer is not primarily due to the death of roots and nodule tissue (after harvest), but involves some degree of N excretion during the period before initial harvest.Key words: Alfalfa-grass mixtures, N2-fixation, nodule activity, N-transference

EVALUATION OF TIMOTHY CULTIVARS FOR VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NUTRIENT COMPONENTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. MASON ◽  
P. M. FLIPOT
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Five timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars, Clair, Champ, Milton, Climax and Bounty, were harvested at first flower stage during 2 consecutive years and in the regrowth for 1 yr. The forages were each offered as hay to 15 young rams to evaluate voluntary intake. Five animals were used to determine initial harvest dry matter digestibility. The cultivars varied significantly in voluntary intake at first flower stage. The highest intake (g kg−0.75 d−1) averaged for the years was obtained in the early cultivar Champ (65.9), which was 10% more than that of the medium-late cultivar Climax. The cultivars did not differ significantly in dry matter digestibility. In the regrowth, the relative intakes of the cultivars were essentially reversed from that of the initial harvest. The voluntary intake was substantially higher but the differences among forages were less marked. Climax regrowth voluntary intake was higher (P < 0.05) than all cultivars, except Bounty. A 15% range in digestible dry matter intake was present among cultivars. The ranking of the culivars for digestible dry matter was different than for dry matter yield. Key words: Timothy, Phleum pratense L., voluntary intake, dry matter digestibility

COPPER, MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR CONTENTS OF FORAGE CROPS AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
R. B. CARSON ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Each of the species birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in the field on 10 plots sampled at weekly intervals in rotation from June 13. Each plot was resampled after 6 weeks and all samples were analyzed for copper, molybdenum and sulfur. In most species, levels of Cu and Mo were highest in the early samplings and decreased with advancing maturity. Second-cut samples tended to be higher in Cu, Mo and S than first-cut samples. The S content was more uniform in the first cycle but increased considerably in the second cycle, especially in reed canarygrass. The ranges in Cu content were 7.4 to 14.1 ppm for birdsfoot trefoil and 3.7 to 11.4 ppm for the grasses. Mo ranged from 1.9 to 8.1 ppm in birdsfoot trefoil and from 1.0 to 6.5 ppm in the grasses. The overall range in S content was from 0.14 to 0.95%. The mineral composition of the crops is discussed in relation to the requirement of ruminants for these three elements.

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