Studies in phospholipid metabolism. 2. Incorporation of metabolic precursors of phospholipids in choline deficiency

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blumenstein
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Choline Deficiency ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Metabolic Precursors ◽  
Direct Incorporation

The incorporation of metabolic precursors of lipids was followed in the livers of rats fed a semisynthetic diet supplemented with, or deficient in, choline. In the early stages of choline deficiency no change was observed in the net incorporation of palmitic acid into liver lipids. Experiments with labelled ethanolamine, choline, and methionine showed that during choline deficiency the direct incorporation of choline into liver lecithins is unchanged, whereas the incorporation of the methyl group of methionine into lecithin, and ethanolamine into cephalins is decreased.

THE EFFECTS OF CHOLINE DEFICIENCY AND CHOLINE RE-FEEDING UPON THE METABOLISM OF PLASMA AND LIVER LIPIDS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. M. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Choline Deficiency ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Dietary Choline ◽  
Plasma And Liver Lipids

The disturbance in lipid metabolism caused by deficiency of dietary choline in rats was investigated with H3-palmitic acid as a tracer. The incorporation of radioactivity into blood triglycerides, as compared to that in choline-supplemented controls, showed a striking decline in rats taken at intervals during the development of choline deficiency. This was partially corrected by choline re-feeding for 2 days and was normal after 4 days of choline re-feeding. Both the total amounts and the radioactivities of phosphatidyl choline in the liver and total phospholipids in the plasma were reduced in choline deficiency and were restored by choline re-feeding, whereas phosphatidyl ethanolamine in the liver was not affected. The findings confirm that the fatty liver of choline deficiency is the result of an impairment in the transport of triglyceride from the liver, and support the hypothesis that it occurs because of a restriction in the synthesis of phosphatidyl choline which is required for lipoprotein formation.A marked reduction in the transformation of14C-ethanolamine into phosphatidyl choline was evident in choline deficiency, but most of the increase in liver phosphatidyl choline which occurred subsequent to choline re-feeding appeared to be from synthesis by the direct (CDP-choline) pathway.

Effect of ethanol on phospholipid metabolism by the rat lung

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (5) ◽  
pp. 1316-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wagner ◽  
HO Heinemann
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
Rat Lung

Prefeeding of alcohol shows the in vivo incorporation of orally administered palmitic acid into phosphatidylcholine of the lung. This impairment is also demonstrable in vitro utilizing lung slices and 14C-labeled palmitate or cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine as precursors. It is concluded that alcohol ingestion affects the utilization of precursors needed for phospholipid formation in the lung.

CHOLINE DEFICIENCY IN THE GUINEA PIG

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Young ◽  
C. C. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Choline Deficiency ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Young guinea pigs (4–6 days of age) fed a choline-deficient diet grew slowly and died within 3 to 4 weeks, at which time the livers showed only traces of stainable fat. Animals fed the diet supplemented with choline grew at the rate of 5.5 to 6.0 g. per day. Guinea pigs transferred from a complete diet to a choline-deficient diet after 3 to 4 weeks suffered an immediate retardation in growth but no mortality occurred (up to 6 weeks). A decrease in total body fat was noted. After 4 weeks, stainable fat was present in the liver. A small but definite increase in total liver fat occurred at 6 weeks. The guinea pig, like the chick, is unable to place the first methyl group on the ethanolamine moiety of choline, but betaine plus monomethylaminoethanol was as effective as choline in overcoming a deficiency of the latter.

Diet and 14CH3-Methionine Incorporation into Liver Phosphatidylcholine Fractions of Male and Female Rats

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyman ◽  
G. Sheehan ◽  
J. Tinoco
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Choline Deficiency ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Purina Chow

An experiment was conducted to see whether diet influenced the incorporation of 14CH3-methionine into liver phosphatidylcholines of male and female rats.Rats of both sexes were fed either a stock diet (Purina Chow), a semipurified diet containing 10% flaxseed oil, or a low methionine diet with or without choline. One hour before killing, 14CH3-methionine was injected into the animals. The distribution of the label in subfractions of liver phosphatidylcholines was then determined.Choline phosphatides of female rats fed chow or flaxseed oil diets had higher specific activities than did those of males. In chow-fed female rats the additional radioactivity appeared mainly in the tetraene phosphatidylcholine fraction. In female rats fed flaxseed oil, the extra label appeared in the tetraene as well as in a pentaene fraction.Therefore, changes in the degree of unsaturation of the species of phosphatidylcholine by dietary modification did not alter total incorporation of the label into liver phosphatidylcholines nor did it influence sex differences in the incorporation even though the distribution of the label within particular species of choline phosphatides was changed.No sex differences in incorporation were evident in the low methionine diet whether it contained choline or not. Choline deficiency did not affect total incorporation of the methyl group nor the proportions of phosphatidylcholine subfractions in the phospholipids, although in males it depressed the amount of hepatic phosphatidylcholine.

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY CHOLINE AND PROTEIN ON THE LEVEL OF PHOSPHOLIPID IN THE SERUM OF THE RAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 845-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Rosenfeld ◽  
Jessie M. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Choline Deficiency ◽  
Serum Phospholipid ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Dietary Choline

Albino rats weighing 180–200 g. were fed diets containing 5, 9, and 19% protein. The influence of these diets, both with and without additional choline, on the level of serum phospholipid was measured and it was found that only in the presence of dietary choline, an increase of the protein content of the diet caused an elevation of the level of phospholipid in the serum. Measurement of the effect of the interval after feeding showed a significant decrease of serum phospholipid 16 hours after the removal of the choline-containing food. In choline deficiency no such effect was found. Measurement of the influence of duration of choline deficiency on the level of phospholipid in serum revealed an immediate fall to a lower level at the onset of the deficiency. This change was complete before a significant rise of the level of total liver lipids was apparent.

THE LIPOTROPIC ACTION OF COLD: 1. THE INFLUENCE OF COLD AND CHOLINE DEFICIENCY ON LIVER LIPIDS OF RATS AT DIFFERENT INTAKES OF DIETARY METHIONINE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Radomski ◽  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Choline Deficiency ◽  
Liver Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The effect of cold exposure and choline deficiency on the levels of liver lipids of male albino rats was studied at four dietary intakes of methionine (20–100 mg per rat per day). After exposure of the animals to cold (2–3 °C) for a 10-day period, the liver lipids were analyzed for total and free cholesterol, phospholipid, and triglyceride.In choline-fed animals, cold exposure did not affect triglyceride or total cholesterol levels but elevated phospholipid and free cholesterol and decreased ester cholesterol. The increase in phospholipid levels occurred at all methionine intakes with the changes in the cholesterol fractions occurring only at methionine intakes >40 mg per day.In choline-deficient rats, there was evidence that the lipotropic action of cold exposure was related to dietary methionine intake. At methionine intakes <60 mg per rat per day, fatty infiltration of the livers of the choline-deficient cold-exposed rats occurred, as evidenced by the accumulation of triglyceride and ester cholesterol. Concomitantly, phospholipid levels decreased. The data suggest that cold increases the capacity of the animal to synthesize choline from endogenous sources.

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