Incorporation in vivo of 1-14C-Palmitic Acid into Placental and Fetal Liver Lipids of the Rabbit

Neonatology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Elphick ◽  
D. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Liver Lipids

Neuropilin-1 on hematopoietic cells as a source of vascular development

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1801-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Yamada ◽  
Yuichi Oike ◽  
Hisao Ogawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Ito ◽  
Hajime Fujisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Neuropilin 1 ◽  
Vasculogenesis And Angiogenesis

Neuropilin-1 (NP-1) is a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF165) and acts as a coreceptor that enhances the function of VEGF165 through VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Studies using transgenic and knock-out mice of NP-1 indicated that this molecule is important for vascular development as well as neuronal development. We recently reported that clustered soluble NP-1 phosphorylates VEGFR-2 on endothelial cells with a low dose of VEGF165 and rescues the defective vascularity of the NP-1−/− embryo in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that NP-1 is expressed by CD45+ hematopoietic cells in the fetal liver, can bind VEGF165, and phosphorylates VEGFR-2 on endothelial cells. CD45+NP-1+ cells rescued the defective vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the NP-1−/− P-Sp (para-aortic splanchnopleural mesodermal region) culture, although CD45+NP-1− cells did not. Moreover, CD45+NP-1+ cells together with VEGF165 induced angiogenesis in an in vivo Matrigel assay and cornea neovascularization assay. The extracellular domain of NP-1 consists of “a,” “b,” and “c” domains, and it is known that the “a” and “c” domains are necessary for dimerization of NP-1. We found that both the “a” and “c” domains are essential for such rescue of defective vascularities in the NP-1 mutant. These results suggest that NP-1 enhances vasculogenesis and angiogenesis exogenously and that dimerization of NP-1 is important for enhancing vascular development. In NP-1−/− embryos, vascular sprouting is impaired at the central nervous system (CNS) and pericardium where VEGF is not abundant, indicating that NP-1–expressing cells are required for normal vascular development.

scholarly journals The fate of fetal and adult B-cell progenitors grafted into immunodeficient CBA/N mice.

1979 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Paige ◽  
P W Kincade ◽  
M A Moore ◽  
G Lee
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Cell Cloning ◽  
Generate Functional ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Relative Ability ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Regenerative Ability

The relative ability of various precursors to generate functional B cells in vivo was assessed by transferring normal, chromosomally-marked CBA/H-T6T6 cells to irradiated or unirradiated immunodeficient CBA/N mice. Emergence of donor-derived B cells was monitored by means of a B-cell cloning assay (in which CBA/N cells are inactive), and by karyotpic analysis of lymphoid, myeloid, and stem cell metaphases. Grafts of lymph node, spleen, anti-mu surface immunoglobin suppressed bone marrow, sIg+ cell-depleted marrow, normal marrow, fetal liver, and yolk sac suggest: (a) there is little self-renewal of sIg+ B cells in these models; (b) pre-committed cells have extensive proliferative/differentiative potential and at least initially contribute most of the newly-formed B cells; (c) populations or pre-B cells obtained from various sources differ in their regenerative ability; (d) CBA/N mice are deficient in a category of pre-B cells which are found in fetal liver; and (e) selective B-cell chimerism results from grafting of unirradiated CBA/N mice.

scholarly journals Elevated Mcl-1 perturbs lymphopoiesis, promotes transformation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and enhances drug resistance

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (17) ◽  
pp. 3197-3207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsteen J. Campbell ◽  
Mary L. Bath ◽  
Marian L. Turner ◽  
Cassandra J. Vandenberg ◽  
Philippe Bouillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver Cells ◽  
Follicular Lymphomas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Diverse human cancers with poor prognosis, including many lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, exhibit high levels of Mcl-1. To explore the impact of Mcl-1 overexpression on the hematopoietic compartment, we have generated vavP-Mcl-1 transgenic mice. Their lymphoid and myeloid cells displayed increased resistance to a variety of cytotoxic agents. Myelopoiesis was relatively normal, but lymphopoiesis was clearly perturbed, with excess mature B and T cells accumulating. Rather than the follicular lymphomas typical of vavP-BCL-2 mice, aging vavP-Mcl-1 mice were primarily susceptible to lymphomas having the phenotype of a stem/progenitor cell (11 of 30 tumors) or pre-B cell (12 of 30 tumors). Mcl-1 overexpression dramatically accelerated Myc-driven lymphomagenesis. Most vavP-Mcl-1/ Eμ-Myc mice died around birth, and transplantation of blood from bitransgenic E18 embryos into unirradiated mice resulted in stem/progenitor cell tumors. Furthermore, lethally irradiated mice transplanted with E13 fetal liver cells from Mcl-1/Myc bitransgenic mice uniformly died of stem/progenitor cell tumors. When treated in vivo with cyclophosphamide, tumors coexpressing Mcl-1 and Myc transgenes were significantly more resistant than conventional Eμ-Myc lymphomas. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Mcl-1 overexpression renders hematopoietic cells refractory to many cytotoxic insults, perturbs lymphopoiesis and promotes malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Direct identification of palmitic acid as the lipid attached to p21ras

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
J E Buss ◽  
B M Sefton
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Transformed Cells ◽  
Direct Identification ◽  
Ras Protein ◽  
Murine Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Murine Sarcoma

p21v-H-ras, the transforming protein of Harvey murine sarcoma virus, contains a covalently attached lipid. Using thin-layer chromatography, we identified the acyl group as the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid palmitic acid. No myristic acid was detected in fatty acids released from in vivo-labeled p21v-H-ras. The p21v-K-ras protein encoded by Kirsten sarcoma virus was also palmitylated. The processing and acylation of p21v-K-ras however differed from that of p21v-H-ras. Three forms of [3H]palmitic acid-labeled p21ras proteins were detected in Kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed cells. This contrasted with Harvey sarcoma virus, in which two forms of p21v-H-ras contained palmitic acid. Analysis by partial proteolysis of p21v-H-ras labeled with [3H]palmitic acid suggested that all of the lipid found in intact p21v-H-ras was located in the C-terminal region. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, p21v-H-ras labeled with [3H]palmitic acid migrated slightly ahead of the majority of p21v-H-ras. Of the mature forms of p21v-H-ras, apparently only a subpopulation contains palmitic acid.

Fetal liver pro-B and pre-B lymphocyte clones: expression of lymphoid-specific genes, surface markers, growth requirements, colonization of the bone marrow, and generation of B lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-530
Author(s):  
R Palacios ◽  
J Samaridis
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Rag 1 ◽  
B Cell Precursors

We describe here the development and characterization of the FLS4.1 stromal line derived from 15-day fetal liver of BALB/c embryos and defined culture conditions that efficiently support the cloning and long-term growth of nontransformed B-220+ 14-day fetal liver cells at two stages of B-cell development, namely, pro-B lymphocytes (immunoglobulin [Ig] genes in germ line configuration) and pre-B cells (JH-rearranged genes with both light-chain Ig genes in the germ line state). All B-cell precursor clones require recombinant interleukin-7 (rIL-7) and FLS4.1 stromal cells for continuous growth in culture, but pro-B lymphocyte clones can also proliferate in rIL-3. None proliferate in rIL-1, rIL-2, rIL-4, rIL-5, rIL-6, or leukemia inhibitory factor. FLS4.1 stromal cells synthesize mRNA for Steel factor but not for IL-1 to IL-7; all pro-B and pre-B clones express c-Kit, the receptor for Steel factor, and a c-Kit-specific antibody inhibits the enhanced proliferative response of fetal liver B-220+ B-cell precursors supported by FLS4.1 stromal cells and exogenous rIL-7 but does not affect that promoted by rIL-7 alone. Northern (RNA) blot analysis of the expression of the MB-1, lambda 5, Vpre-B, c mu, RAG-1, and RAG-2 genes in pro-B and pre-B clones show that transcription of the MB-1 gene precedes IgH gene rearrangement and RNA synthesis from c mu, RAG-1, RAG-2, lambda 5, and Vpre-B genes. All clones at the pre-B-cell stage synthesize mRNA for c mu, RAG-1, and RAG-2 genes; transcription of the lambda 5 and Vpre-B genes seems to start after D-to-JH rearrangement in B-cell precursors, indicating that the proteins encoded by either gene are not required for B-cell progenitors to undergo D-to-JH gene rearrangement. These findings mark transcription of the MB-1 gene as one of the earliest molecular events in commitment to develop along the B-lymphocyte pathway. Indeed, both pro-B and pre-B clones can generate in vitro and in vivo B lymphocytes but not T lymphocytes; moreover, these clones do not express the CD3-gamma T-cell-specific gene, nor do they have rearranged gamma, delta, or beta T-cell antigen receptor genes.

scholarly journals Hypoxic stress underlies defects in erythroblast islands in the Rb-null mouse

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 2173-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Spike ◽  
Benjamin C. Dibling ◽  
Kay F. Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Null Mouse ◽  
Hypoxic Stress ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Exogenous Stress ◽  
Erythroid Maturation ◽  
Definitive Erythropoiesis

Abstract Definitive erythropoiesis occurs in islands composed of a central macrophage in contact with differentiating erythroblasts. Erythroid maturation including enucleation can also occur in the absence of macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. We reported previously that loss of Rb induces cell-autonomous defects in red cell maturation under stress conditions, while other reports have suggested that the failure of Rb-null erythroblasts to enucleate is due to defects in associated macrophages. Here we show that erythropoietic islands are disrupted by hypoxic stress, such as occurs in the Rb-null fetal liver, that Rb−/− macrophages are competent for erythropoietic island formation in the absence of exogenous stress and that enucleation defects persist in Rb-null erythroblasts irrespective of macrophage function.

Intrathymic and extrathymic development of human plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors in vivo

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 2752-2759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees Weijer ◽  
Christel H. Uittenbogaart ◽  
Arie Voordouw ◽  
Franka Couwenberg ◽  
Jurgen Seppen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Human Thymus ◽  
Human Cd34 ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver Cells ◽  
Thymus Graft

Abstract The development of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC2) from human CD34+ stem cells in vivo was studied in RAG-2−/− interleukin (IL)-2Rγ−/− mice that lack functional T and B cells and natural killer cells. CD34+ cells isolated from fetal liver or thymus were labeled with 5- and 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and were injected into a human thymus grafted subcutaneously in the RAG-2−/− IL-2Rγ−/− mice. One to 4 weeks later the CFSE label was found not only in T cells but also in CD123+/high CD4+CD45RA+ pDC2, indicating that the CD34+ cells can develop into pDC2 within a thymus. In addition to pDC2, CFSE-labeled dendritic cells with a mature phenotype, determined by the cell surface markers CD11c, CD83, and CD80, were found in the injected human thymus graft. pDC2 was not found in the periphery of mice carrying a human thymic graft, indicating that the intrathymic pDC2 failed to emigrate from the thymus. We also demonstrate that pDC2 can develop outside the thymus because relatively high percentages of pDC2 were found in the periphery after the intravenous injection of CD34+CD38−fetal liver cells in RAG-2−/− IL-2Rγ−/−mice without a human thymus graft. These data indicate that the thymus and the peripheral pDC2 develop independently of each other.

Surfactant metabolism of newborn lamb lungs studied in vivo

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1091-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jobe ◽  
M. Ikegami ◽  
I. Sarton-Miller ◽  
L. Barajas
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Lamellar Body ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Newborn Lamb ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Life Values ◽  
Surfactant Metabolism

Surfactant, microsomal, and lamellar body fractions were isolated from the lungs of 5-day-old lambs 0.21-55 h after the intravenous injection of radiolabeled palmitic acid. The specific activities as cpm/mumol phospholipid phosphate of phosphatidylcholine, saturated phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine were measured. The palmitate-labeled phospholipids disappeared from the lung parenchyma with a half-life of approximately 50 h. The radiolabel disappeared from phosphatidylcholine, saturated phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine of microsomal fractions with initial half-life values of 4.5, 4.6, 1.9, and 23.9 h, respectively. The labeled phospholipids rapidly appeared in the lamellar body fraction and accumulated in the surfactant of the lambs in a linear fashion for 35 h. The curves for the labeling of surfactant with radiolabeled saturated phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine were similar to the curve for phosphatidylcholine.

scholarly journals Pattern of pyruvate kinase isozymes in erythroleukemia cell lines and in normal human erythroblasts

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Max-Audit ◽  
U Testa ◽  
D Kechemir ◽  
M Titeux ◽  
W Vainchenker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Erythroleukemia Cell ◽  
Erythroleukemic Cell ◽  
High Level

To further investigate the erythroid nature of the two human erythroleukemia cell lines, K562 and HEL-60, and to define the ontogeny of pyruvate kinase (PK) isozymes (R, M2) in developing human erythroid cells, we have studied the isozymic alterations, if any, during differentiation of these cell lines in vitro and normoblasts isolated from fetal liver in vivo. PK activity of erythroleukemic cell lines was intermediate between that observed in leukocytes and in fetal liver erythroblasts. These cell lines contained a high level of M2-PK, but R- PK was always present, albeit at low concentrations, in all the clones or subclones we studied. Erythroblasts from fetal liver were separated according to density on a Stractan gradient. R-PK levels were nearly constant in the different fractions, whereas M2-PK levels markedly decreased as the erythroblasts became mature and almost completely disappeared in late erythroid cells. Thus, these results clearly demonstrate the erythroid origin of these cell lines.

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