SOME EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE IMMATURE PULLET

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
D. S. Layne ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Sexually immature pullets were treated for 10 days with testosterone propionate (TST) in doses of hormone ranging from 0.25 to 5.0 mgm. per day. TST increased live weight gains, the effect being significant for the highest dosage; TST also increased oviduct weight. Both these results are in agreement with those of previous workers. TST did not affect significantly the net liver weight or the liver weight per kgm. live weight. Liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight was not affected by lower dosage levels, but was slightly and significantly increased by higher dosage levels. Liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) was affected in the same way as liver DNAP; and hence TST had no effect on the ratio RNAP/DNAP in the liver. TST depressed kidney weight, thus confirming previous observations. TST also depressed kidney DNAP and increased kidney RNAP, thereby increasing the ratio RNAP/DNAP in kidney to a marked extent. Spleen weight was depressed by TST, though the effect did not attain statistical significance.

SOME EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE IMMATURE PULLET

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
D. S. Layne ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Sexually immature pullets were treated for 10 days with testosterone propionate (TST) in doses of hormone ranging from 0.25 to 5.0 mgm. per day. TST increased live weight gains, the effect being significant for the highest dosage; TST also increased oviduct weight. Both these results are in agreement with those of previous workers. TST did not affect significantly the net liver weight or the liver weight per kgm. live weight. Liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight was not affected by lower dosage levels, but was slightly and significantly increased by higher dosage levels. Liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) was affected in the same way as liver DNAP; and hence TST had no effect on the ratio RNAP/DNAP in the liver. TST depressed kidney weight, thus confirming previous observations. TST also depressed kidney DNAP and increased kidney RNAP, thereby increasing the ratio RNAP/DNAP in kidney to a marked extent. Spleen weight was depressed by TST, though the effect did not attain statistical significance.

SOME EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE ON THE RESPONSE OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, AND SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF GONADAL HORMONES ON THE AVIAN SPLEEN AND KIDNEY

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. J. Phillips ◽  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight

Progesterone depressed the hypertrophy of the immature pullet's oviduct evoked by estrogen, but did not significantly affect the responses of liver weight, total liver crude protein, and serum calcium level evoked by estrogen. These effects are in some respects the converse of previously recorded effects of thiour-acil on the response of the pullet to estrogen. Progesterone did not affect the increases of liver pentose nucleic acid and desoxypentose nucleic acid evoked by estrogen. Testosterone propionate by itself, at the levels used, did not affect the amounts or ratios of liver pentose nucleic acid and desoxypentose nucleic acid. Estrogen reduced spleen weight to a highly significant degree, and progesterone significantly reduced this effect of estrogen. Testosterone did not affect spleen weight. In the experiment described estrogen increased kidney weight to a highly significant degree; progesterone tended to reduce this effect, but the tendency did not attain significance at P = 0.05.

Influence of the growth promotant Synovex-H® on growth, resistance to parasites and reproduction of cattle heifers of three breeds

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Frisch ◽  
R. A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Weight Gains

SUMMARYSynovex-H®, a combination of testosterone propionate and oestradiol benzoate, was implanted on three occasions at about 90-day intervals into Hereford × Shorthorn (HS), Brahman (B) and BX(B × HS) heifers to try to increase live weights and hence pregnancy rates at first breeding. Half of both the implanted and nonimplanted heifers of each breed was treated every 3 weeks to control cattle ticks and gastro-intestinal helminths. Treatment to control these parasites increased live weights, the increase depending on the breed. Implanting with Synovex-H also increased growth, the magnitude of the increase depending on both breed and treatment to control parasites. When parasites were present in significant numbers in the environment, the implanted groups had higher tick and helminth burdens and, in consequence, their live weight gains in response to the implant were lower than those of the nonimplanted group. The reason for the increase in susceptibility to parasites of the implanted group was not sought. It is suggested that it is associated with the presence, either alone or in combination, of the androgen and oestrogen components of Synovex-H.By the start of the 10-week breeding season, 290 days after the last dose of Synovex-H was implanted, previous advantages of the implanted groups in live weight had been eroded to the point where the differences between groups were no longer statistically significant. Subsequent fertility both as maidens and as first-calf heifers was generally significantly lower in the previously implanted groups of all breeds. Calves born to implanted heifers were not as heavy as those born to nonimplanted heifers both at weaning and 120 days after weaning. The particular regimen of use of Synovex-H followed in this study cannot be recommended if heifers are to be used for breeding.

THE INFLUENCE OF THIOURACIL ON THE RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, WITH REFERENCE TO OVIDUCT HYPERTROPHY, SERUM CALCIUM, AND LIVER COMPOSITION

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1023-1035
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
D. S. Layne ◽  
K. A. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Calcium Response ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Effect

Thiouracil was given to sexually immature pullets at a level of 0.05% of the diet for 14 days before and also during treatment with 0.5 mg estradiol benzoate (ODB) or 1.0 mg ODB daily for 14 days. The thiouracil treatment did not modify the estrogen-induced hypercalcemia after 7 days, but after 14 days it enhanced significantly the blood calcium response to 1.0 mg ODB per day. The positive effects of thiouracil and of estrogen on liver weight per kg live weight were significant and additive. The comparatively low level of thiouracil used did not increase liver fat per kg live weight significantly, but it increased significantly the positive effect of estrogen on liver fat. The thiouracil treatment had no significant effect on liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) but it increased liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) per kg live weight significantly both in absence and presence of estrogen. The thiouracil treatment had no effect on the responses of the oviduct to estrogen.In a second experiment the effects of (a) 1.0% thiouracil for 10 days before and also during a 14-day estrogen treatment of 1.0 mg ODB per day and of (b) 1.0% thiouracil given concurrently with 1.0 mg ODB per day were studied. Neither thiouracil treatment affected the response of the oviduct to estrogen. The other results confirmed previous observations.In a third experiment, 1.5 mg ODB was given every other day for 14 days. When thiouracil at a level of 1% was given concurrently with the estrogen, it enhanced significantly the response of the oviduct. When 1% thiouracil was given also for 10 days before the estrogen, then it did not enhance the response of the oviduct. This experiment suggests that the conditions under which thiouracil will enhance estrogen-induced hypertrophy of the oviduct are narrowly defined. Other results were in general agreement with previous observations.

scholarly journals VISCERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE BREEDS OF SWINE AND THEIR CROSSES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
W. E. REMPEL ◽  
S. G. CORNELIUS ◽  
C. E. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Stomach Weight

Two hundred and forty-nine pigs representing all possible two-breed crosses of Minnesota no. 1 (M), Pietrain (P), and Yorkshire (Y) breeds were slaughtered over five developmental stages (35 days of age, 22.5 kg, 45.0 kg, 67.5 kg, and 90 kg liveweight). The objectives were to determine how reciprocal differences and heterosis were affected by advancing maturity, to examine breed differences, and to determine growth curves for certain visceral measurements. Reciprocal differences were observed to show two distinct patterns. The first was characterized by an increase in magnitude relative to stage of development and the second was parabolic. Statistically significant heterosis estimates for these traits were the exception rather than the rule. The following breed differences were found: M > P > Y for large intestine length and leaf fat weight, (M = Y) > P for liver weight, P > Y > M for spleen weight, M > (P = Y) for kidney weight, M > Y > P for stomach weight and M > (P = Y) for small intestine wet weight. The growth curves for the viscera indicated that the intestinal tracts were the first to complete their growth, the internal organs grew relatively slower than liveweight increased, and the majority of leaf fat deposition occurred as the animals approached 90 kg live-weight. Key words: Reciprocal differences, heterosis, breed differences, viscera, growth curves, pigs

Effect of sex, polydactylism and rearing system on carcass parameters of Fulani- ecotype chickens in Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
G. O. Nweke-Okorocha ◽  
C. A. Chineke
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Carcass Parameters

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sex, Polydactylism and rearing system on carcass parameters of Fulani-ecotype chickens. Thirty chickens (15 males and 15 females) were randomly selected at 16 weeks old for carcass evaluation from population of the intensively (deep litter and cage system of management) kept Fulani eco-type chicken and were used for determining carcass characteristics such as Live weight, dressed weight, eviscerated weight, breast weight, Proventriculus weight, gizzard weight, liver weight, lung weight, spleen weight, bile weight, pancreas weight, heart weight, wing weight, shank weight, drumstick weight, thigh weight, head weight, neck weight, back weight. Data generated from the carcass parameters were subjected to least squares means using SAS 9.2 version 2008. Result showed that sex and polydactyly were significantly different (p<0.05) on all the carcass parameters measured except the organs. Birds kept in deep litter system had higher least squares means values than ones in cage system of management. This study revealed the effect of sex, polydactylism and rearing system on various carcass characteristics of Fulani ecotype chickens.

SOME EFFECTS OF A FOLIC ACID ANTAGONIST ON THE RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO TREATMENT WITH GONADAL HORMONES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. J. Phillips ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid

Aminopterin was found to depress the hypertrophy of the oviduct of immature pullets induced by estrogen plus androgen. The diet was arranged to be low in folic acid during the experimental period. Higher dosage levels of aminopterin did not further decrease the size of oviduct in estrogenized pullets below a plateau level which was higher than that of the unestrogenized controls. Aminopterin opposed the effects of the hormonal treatment on liver weight per kgm. live weight, adrenal weight, and spleen weight. Injections of folic acid not merely antagonized this effect of aminopterin, but increased the size of the spleen above that of the estrogenized controls. Intraperitoneal injections of desoxyribonucleic acid also opposed the effect of aminopterin on the spleen of the estrogenized pullet. Aminopterin appeared to have no effect on liver phosphoprotein P of the estrogenized pullet.Neither aminopterin nor aminopterin plus desoxyribonucleic acid affected serum calcium level significantly, but aminopterin plus folic acid significantly lowered the serum calcium level of the estrogenized pullet in one experiment. The differences between the groups in respect of liver nucleic acid content were slight and did not attain statistical significance.

THE INFLUENCE OF THIOURACIL ON THE RESPONSES OF SERUM PROTEIN AND SERUM CALCIUM OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE RESPONSES OF OVIDUCT, LIVER, AND KIDNEY

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Wright ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Serum Protein Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Thiouracil at a level of 0.75% of the diet depressed the serum calcium and serum protein levels of sexually immature pullets that had received 0.5 mgm. estradiol benzoate (ODB) intramuscularly each day for nine days or 14 days. When the level of estrogen dosage was raised to 1.0 mgm. ODB each day, then in one experiment thiouracil did not appreciably affect the responses of serum calcium and serum protein at nine days but did enchance both responses at 14 days. In a second experiment thiouracil again exerted a depressant effect on responses of serum calcium and serum protein at nine days but this effect had disappeared at 14 days. Thiouracil tended in both experiments to reduce the serum protein level in unestrogenized pullets. The effects of thiouracil on responses of serum calcium and serum protein are dependent, therefore, on both the level and duration of estrogen treatment. Thiouracil did not modify the effect of either 0.5 mgm. or 1.0 mgm. ODB per diem on oviduct weight. Estrogen increased liver weight per kgm. live weight and liver protein per kgm. live weight and thiouracil produced similar effects. These effects of estrogen and thiouracil were approximately additive. Estrogen increased kidney weight per kgm. live weight. Thiouracil increased kidney weight per kgm. live weight both of itself and in presence of estrogen. Kidney protein per kgm. live weight was affected by thiouracil and by estrogen in the same ways as was kidney weight.

THE INFLUENCE OF THIOURACIL ON THE RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, WITH REFERENCE TO OVIDUCT HYPERTROPHY, SERUM CALCIUM, AND LIVER COMPOSITION

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1023-1035
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
D. S. Layne ◽  
K. A. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Calcium Response ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Effect

Thiouracil was given to sexually immature pullets at a level of 0.05% of the diet for 14 days before and also during treatment with 0.5 mg estradiol benzoate (ODB) or 1.0 mg ODB daily for 14 days. The thiouracil treatment did not modify the estrogen-induced hypercalcemia after 7 days, but after 14 days it enhanced significantly the blood calcium response to 1.0 mg ODB per day. The positive effects of thiouracil and of estrogen on liver weight per kg live weight were significant and additive. The comparatively low level of thiouracil used did not increase liver fat per kg live weight significantly, but it increased significantly the positive effect of estrogen on liver fat. The thiouracil treatment had no significant effect on liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) but it increased liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) per kg live weight significantly both in absence and presence of estrogen. The thiouracil treatment had no effect on the responses of the oviduct to estrogen.In a second experiment the effects of (a) 1.0% thiouracil for 10 days before and also during a 14-day estrogen treatment of 1.0 mg ODB per day and of (b) 1.0% thiouracil given concurrently with 1.0 mg ODB per day were studied. Neither thiouracil treatment affected the response of the oviduct to estrogen. The other results confirmed previous observations.In a third experiment, 1.5 mg ODB was given every other day for 14 days. When thiouracil at a level of 1% was given concurrently with the estrogen, it enhanced significantly the response of the oviduct. When 1% thiouracil was given also for 10 days before the estrogen, then it did not enhance the response of the oviduct. This experiment suggests that the conditions under which thiouracil will enhance estrogen-induced hypertrophy of the oviduct are narrowly defined. Other results were in general agreement with previous observations.

THE EFFECT OF GONADAL HORMONES ON THE NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF LIVER AND SERUM IN THE IMMATURE PULLET, AND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF THE LIVERS OF SEXUALLY MATURE PULLETS AND COCKERELS

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
D. G. Chapman ◽  
W. A. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Young Chicken

Treatment of sexually immature pullets with testosterone propionate so as to evoke changes in combs and wattles similar to normal puberal changes did not affect liver weight or liver content of nucleic acids. Estradiol benzoate, or estradiol benzoate plus testosterone propionate, increased liver weight and total liver pentose nucleic acid, and slightly increased liver desoxypentose nucleic acid. Chemical evidence is adduced in support of the view that the increase of liver crude protein caused by estrogen is a consequence of cellular hypertrophy accompanied by a slight degree of hyperplasia. The ratio RNAP: DNAP was relatively high in the liver of the young chicken, but declined somewhat during the first 12 weeks. With the onset of reproductive activity, the ratio RNAP: DNAP increased in the livers of the females but did not show a similar tendency in the males. The results suggest that there is a sexual differentiation in the nucleic acid content of the livers of the mature fowl, and that this is reasonably attributable to endogenous estrogen activity. Data are presented in confirmation of the reported effect of estrogen in increasing serum or plasma nucleic acid in the fowl, androgen being without any such effect.

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