THE INFLUENCE OF THIOURACIL ON THE RESPONSES OF SERUM PROTEIN AND SERUM CALCIUM OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE RESPONSES OF OVIDUCT, LIVER, AND KIDNEY

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Wright ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Serum Protein Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Thiouracil at a level of 0.75% of the diet depressed the serum calcium and serum protein levels of sexually immature pullets that had received 0.5 mgm. estradiol benzoate (ODB) intramuscularly each day for nine days or 14 days. When the level of estrogen dosage was raised to 1.0 mgm. ODB each day, then in one experiment thiouracil did not appreciably affect the responses of serum calcium and serum protein at nine days but did enchance both responses at 14 days. In a second experiment thiouracil again exerted a depressant effect on responses of serum calcium and serum protein at nine days but this effect had disappeared at 14 days. Thiouracil tended in both experiments to reduce the serum protein level in unestrogenized pullets. The effects of thiouracil on responses of serum calcium and serum protein are dependent, therefore, on both the level and duration of estrogen treatment. Thiouracil did not modify the effect of either 0.5 mgm. or 1.0 mgm. ODB per diem on oviduct weight. Estrogen increased liver weight per kgm. live weight and liver protein per kgm. live weight and thiouracil produced similar effects. These effects of estrogen and thiouracil were approximately additive. Estrogen increased kidney weight per kgm. live weight. Thiouracil increased kidney weight per kgm. live weight both of itself and in presence of estrogen. Kidney protein per kgm. live weight was affected by thiouracil and by estrogen in the same ways as was kidney weight.

THE INFLUENCE OF THIOURACIL ON THE RESPONSES OF SERUM PROTEIN AND SERUM CALCIUM OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE RESPONSES OF OVIDUCT, LIVER, AND KIDNEY

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Wright ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Serum Protein Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Thiouracil at a level of 0.75% of the diet depressed the serum calcium and serum protein levels of sexually immature pullets that had received 0.5 mgm. estradiol benzoate (ODB) intramuscularly each day for nine days or 14 days. When the level of estrogen dosage was raised to 1.0 mgm. ODB each day, then in one experiment thiouracil did not appreciably affect the responses of serum calcium and serum protein at nine days but did enchance both responses at 14 days. In a second experiment thiouracil again exerted a depressant effect on responses of serum calcium and serum protein at nine days but this effect had disappeared at 14 days. Thiouracil tended in both experiments to reduce the serum protein level in unestrogenized pullets. The effects of thiouracil on responses of serum calcium and serum protein are dependent, therefore, on both the level and duration of estrogen treatment. Thiouracil did not modify the effect of either 0.5 mgm. or 1.0 mgm. ODB per diem on oviduct weight. Estrogen increased liver weight per kgm. live weight and liver protein per kgm. live weight and thiouracil produced similar effects. These effects of estrogen and thiouracil were approximately additive. Estrogen increased kidney weight per kgm. live weight. Thiouracil increased kidney weight per kgm. live weight both of itself and in presence of estrogen. Kidney protein per kgm. live weight was affected by thiouracil and by estrogen in the same ways as was kidney weight.

Urine protein levels in the pig

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
San Wah Loh ◽  
F. J. Bourne ◽  
Jill Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Restricted Access ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Serum Protein Level ◽  
Access To Water

SUMMARYSows housed with free access to water were found to have urine protein levels comparable to those recorded for man, dog and sheep. However, in stalled sows with restricted access to water, urine protein levels were twice as high as those of penned sows.Physiological proteinuria has been found to occur in the piglet, in which respect it is similar to the ruminant and the dog. Proteinuria reaches a peak within 20 hr of birth and lasts for approximately 48 hr. The rapid decline in urine protein levels after this period coincides with gut closure. Proteinuria did not occur in piglets fed on glucose saline, only in those receiving colostrum; however, the continued feeding of colostrum did not prolong the period of proteinuria. In piglets fed varying levels of colostral protein there was a direct correlation between serum protein levels and mean urinary protein concentration during the period of proteinuria, but there was no direct correlation between the amounts of colostral protein ingested and the serum protein level.

THE INFLUENCE OF THIOURACIL ON THE RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, WITH REFERENCE TO OVIDUCT HYPERTROPHY, SERUM CALCIUM, AND LIVER COMPOSITION

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1023-1035
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
D. S. Layne ◽  
K. A. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Calcium Response ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Effect

Thiouracil was given to sexually immature pullets at a level of 0.05% of the diet for 14 days before and also during treatment with 0.5 mg estradiol benzoate (ODB) or 1.0 mg ODB daily for 14 days. The thiouracil treatment did not modify the estrogen-induced hypercalcemia after 7 days, but after 14 days it enhanced significantly the blood calcium response to 1.0 mg ODB per day. The positive effects of thiouracil and of estrogen on liver weight per kg live weight were significant and additive. The comparatively low level of thiouracil used did not increase liver fat per kg live weight significantly, but it increased significantly the positive effect of estrogen on liver fat. The thiouracil treatment had no significant effect on liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) but it increased liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) per kg live weight significantly both in absence and presence of estrogen. The thiouracil treatment had no effect on the responses of the oviduct to estrogen.In a second experiment the effects of (a) 1.0% thiouracil for 10 days before and also during a 14-day estrogen treatment of 1.0 mg ODB per day and of (b) 1.0% thiouracil given concurrently with 1.0 mg ODB per day were studied. Neither thiouracil treatment affected the response of the oviduct to estrogen. The other results confirmed previous observations.In a third experiment, 1.5 mg ODB was given every other day for 14 days. When thiouracil at a level of 1% was given concurrently with the estrogen, it enhanced significantly the response of the oviduct. When 1% thiouracil was given also for 10 days before the estrogen, then it did not enhance the response of the oviduct. This experiment suggests that the conditions under which thiouracil will enhance estrogen-induced hypertrophy of the oviduct are narrowly defined. Other results were in general agreement with previous observations.

THE INFLUENCE OF THIOURACIL ON THE RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, WITH REFERENCE TO OVIDUCT HYPERTROPHY, SERUM CALCIUM, AND LIVER COMPOSITION

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1023-1035
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
D. S. Layne ◽  
K. A. McCully
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Calcium Response ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Effect

Thiouracil was given to sexually immature pullets at a level of 0.05% of the diet for 14 days before and also during treatment with 0.5 mg estradiol benzoate (ODB) or 1.0 mg ODB daily for 14 days. The thiouracil treatment did not modify the estrogen-induced hypercalcemia after 7 days, but after 14 days it enhanced significantly the blood calcium response to 1.0 mg ODB per day. The positive effects of thiouracil and of estrogen on liver weight per kg live weight were significant and additive. The comparatively low level of thiouracil used did not increase liver fat per kg live weight significantly, but it increased significantly the positive effect of estrogen on liver fat. The thiouracil treatment had no significant effect on liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) but it increased liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) per kg live weight significantly both in absence and presence of estrogen. The thiouracil treatment had no effect on the responses of the oviduct to estrogen.In a second experiment the effects of (a) 1.0% thiouracil for 10 days before and also during a 14-day estrogen treatment of 1.0 mg ODB per day and of (b) 1.0% thiouracil given concurrently with 1.0 mg ODB per day were studied. Neither thiouracil treatment affected the response of the oviduct to estrogen. The other results confirmed previous observations.In a third experiment, 1.5 mg ODB was given every other day for 14 days. When thiouracil at a level of 1% was given concurrently with the estrogen, it enhanced significantly the response of the oviduct. When 1% thiouracil was given also for 10 days before the estrogen, then it did not enhance the response of the oviduct. This experiment suggests that the conditions under which thiouracil will enhance estrogen-induced hypertrophy of the oviduct are narrowly defined. Other results were in general agreement with previous observations.

SOME EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE IMMATURE PULLET

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
D. S. Layne ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Sexually immature pullets were treated for 10 days with testosterone propionate (TST) in doses of hormone ranging from 0.25 to 5.0 mgm. per day. TST increased live weight gains, the effect being significant for the highest dosage; TST also increased oviduct weight. Both these results are in agreement with those of previous workers. TST did not affect significantly the net liver weight or the liver weight per kgm. live weight. Liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight was not affected by lower dosage levels, but was slightly and significantly increased by higher dosage levels. Liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) was affected in the same way as liver DNAP; and hence TST had no effect on the ratio RNAP/DNAP in the liver. TST depressed kidney weight, thus confirming previous observations. TST also depressed kidney DNAP and increased kidney RNAP, thereby increasing the ratio RNAP/DNAP in kidney to a marked extent. Spleen weight was depressed by TST, though the effect did not attain statistical significance.

THE EFFECTS OF THIOURACIL AND OF THYROXINE ON CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO COMBINED TREATMENT WITH ESTROGEN AND ANDROGEN

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 667-676
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
D. S. Layne
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Androgen Treatment

Sexually immature pullets were given a combined estrogen–androgen treatment, consisting of estradiol benzoate (ODB) plus testosterone propionate (TST). The influences of thiouracil and of thyroxine on various responses to this treatment were studied in two experiments. Thiouracil depressed slightly the hypertrophy of the oviduct evoked by ODB + TST; thyroxine enhanced the hypertrophy in one experiment, but depressed it in the other. Thiouracil enhanced, and thyroxine depressed the hypertrophy of the liver evoked by ODB + TST. Thiouracil also enhanced the increase of liver crude protein per kgm. live weight evoked by ODB + TST. The slight increase of liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight evoked by ODB + TST was also enhanced by thiouracil and depressed by thyroxine. The great increase of liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) per kgm. live weight evoked by ODB + TST was enhanced by thiouracil, but was depressed by thyroxine. The great increase in the ratio RNAP: DNAP in liver evoked by ODB + TST was not modified by thiouracil, but it was depressed by thyroxine. In one experiment, ODB + TST increased kidney weight per kgm. live weight; and this effect was enhanced by thiouracil and by thyroxine. In the other experiment, ODB + TST did not affect kidney weight, but the kidney weight per kgm. live weight was greater in the groups receiving either thiouracil or thyroxine than in the control group. ODB + TST did not affect kidney DNAP or RNAP per kgm. live weight, and a slight increase in kidney RNAP: DNAP observed in both experiments fell short of significance at P = 0.05. Both kidney RNAP and DNAP were significantly greater in the groups receiving thiouracil or thyroxine than in the control groups. ODB +f TST evoked a slight increase in the ratio RNAP: DNAP in kidney, and this effect was greatly enhanced by either thiouracil or thyroxine. In confirmation of previous work, the hypercalcemia evoked by ODB + TST was depressed by either thiouracil or by thyroxine.

THE EFFECTS OF THIOURACIL AND OF THYROXINE ON CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO COMBINED TREATMENT WITH ESTROGEN AND ANDROGEN

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-676
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
D. S. Layne
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Androgen Treatment

Sexually immature pullets were given a combined estrogen–androgen treatment, consisting of estradiol benzoate (ODB) plus testosterone propionate (TST). The influences of thiouracil and of thyroxine on various responses to this treatment were studied in two experiments. Thiouracil depressed slightly the hypertrophy of the oviduct evoked by ODB + TST; thyroxine enhanced the hypertrophy in one experiment, but depressed it in the other. Thiouracil enhanced, and thyroxine depressed the hypertrophy of the liver evoked by ODB + TST. Thiouracil also enhanced the increase of liver crude protein per kgm. live weight evoked by ODB + TST. The slight increase of liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight evoked by ODB + TST was also enhanced by thiouracil and depressed by thyroxine. The great increase of liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) per kgm. live weight evoked by ODB + TST was enhanced by thiouracil, but was depressed by thyroxine. The great increase in the ratio RNAP: DNAP in liver evoked by ODB + TST was not modified by thiouracil, but it was depressed by thyroxine. In one experiment, ODB + TST increased kidney weight per kgm. live weight; and this effect was enhanced by thiouracil and by thyroxine. In the other experiment, ODB + TST did not affect kidney weight, but the kidney weight per kgm. live weight was greater in the groups receiving either thiouracil or thyroxine than in the control group. ODB + TST did not affect kidney DNAP or RNAP per kgm. live weight, and a slight increase in kidney RNAP: DNAP observed in both experiments fell short of significance at P = 0.05. Both kidney RNAP and DNAP were significantly greater in the groups receiving thiouracil or thyroxine than in the control groups. ODB +f TST evoked a slight increase in the ratio RNAP: DNAP in kidney, and this effect was greatly enhanced by either thiouracil or thyroxine. In confirmation of previous work, the hypercalcemia evoked by ODB + TST was depressed by either thiouracil or by thyroxine.

SOME EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE IMMATURE PULLET

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
D. S. Layne ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Sexually immature pullets were treated for 10 days with testosterone propionate (TST) in doses of hormone ranging from 0.25 to 5.0 mgm. per day. TST increased live weight gains, the effect being significant for the highest dosage; TST also increased oviduct weight. Both these results are in agreement with those of previous workers. TST did not affect significantly the net liver weight or the liver weight per kgm. live weight. Liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight was not affected by lower dosage levels, but was slightly and significantly increased by higher dosage levels. Liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) was affected in the same way as liver DNAP; and hence TST had no effect on the ratio RNAP/DNAP in the liver. TST depressed kidney weight, thus confirming previous observations. TST also depressed kidney DNAP and increased kidney RNAP, thereby increasing the ratio RNAP/DNAP in kidney to a marked extent. Spleen weight was depressed by TST, though the effect did not attain statistical significance.

Vitamin B6 Deficiency can Reduce Fuel Storage and Utilization in Physically Trained Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choi ◽  
Cho
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
Exercise Muscle

This study investigated the effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on the utilization and recuperation of stored fuel in physically trained rats. 48 rats were given either vitamin B6-deficient (B6–) diet or control (B6+) diet for 4 weeks and were trained on treadmill for 30 minutes daily. All animals were then subdivided into 3 groups: before-exercise (BE); during-exercise (DE); after-exercise (AE). The DE group was exercised on treadmill for 1 hour just before being sacrificed. Animals in the AE group were allowed to take a rest for 2 hours after being exercised like the DE group. Glucose and free fatty acids were compared in plasma. Glycogen and triglyceride were compared in liver and skeletal muscle. Protein levels were compared in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle. Compared with the B6+ group, plasma glucose levels of the B6– group were significantly lower before and after exercise. Muscle glycogen levels of the B6– group were significantly lower than those of the B6+ group regardless of exercise. The liver glycogen level of the B6– group was also significantly lower than that of B6+ group during and after exercise. Before exercise, plasma free fatty acid levels were not significantly different between the B6+ and B6– groups, and plasma free fatty acid levels of the B6– group were significantly lower during and after exercise. The muscle triglyceride level of the B6– group was significantly lower than that of the B6+ group before exercise, and there were no differences between B6+ and B6– groups during and after exercise. Liver triglyceride levels were not significantly different between B6+ and B6– groups. Plasma protein levels of the B6– group were lower than those of B6+ before and after exercise. Muscle protein levels of the B6– group were not significantly different from those of the B6+ group. Liver protein levels of the B6– group were significantly lower than that of the B6+ group after exercise. Liver protein levels of both B6+ and B6– groups were not significantly changed, regardless of exercise. Thus, it is suggested that vitamin B6 deficiency may reduce fuel storage and utilization with exercise in physically trained rats.

577-P: Increased Symptoms of Peripheral Neuropathy and Depression in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetic Patients Are Associated with Reduced BDNF Serum Protein Levels and Val66Met-SNP

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 577-P
Author(s):  
AMIR BASHKIN ◽  
AKRAM SAFADI ◽  
BELLA GROSS ◽  
NETANEL A. HOROWITZ ◽  
RIVKA SHARON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic
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