SOME EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE ON THE RESPONSE OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO ESTROGEN, AND SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF GONADAL HORMONES ON THE AVIAN SPLEEN AND KIDNEY

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. J. Phillips ◽  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight

Progesterone depressed the hypertrophy of the immature pullet's oviduct evoked by estrogen, but did not significantly affect the responses of liver weight, total liver crude protein, and serum calcium level evoked by estrogen. These effects are in some respects the converse of previously recorded effects of thiour-acil on the response of the pullet to estrogen. Progesterone did not affect the increases of liver pentose nucleic acid and desoxypentose nucleic acid evoked by estrogen. Testosterone propionate by itself, at the levels used, did not affect the amounts or ratios of liver pentose nucleic acid and desoxypentose nucleic acid. Estrogen reduced spleen weight to a highly significant degree, and progesterone significantly reduced this effect of estrogen. Testosterone did not affect spleen weight. In the experiment described estrogen increased kidney weight to a highly significant degree; progesterone tended to reduce this effect, but the tendency did not attain significance at P = 0.05.

SOME EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE IMMATURE PULLET

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
D. S. Layne ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Sexually immature pullets were treated for 10 days with testosterone propionate (TST) in doses of hormone ranging from 0.25 to 5.0 mgm. per day. TST increased live weight gains, the effect being significant for the highest dosage; TST also increased oviduct weight. Both these results are in agreement with those of previous workers. TST did not affect significantly the net liver weight or the liver weight per kgm. live weight. Liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight was not affected by lower dosage levels, but was slightly and significantly increased by higher dosage levels. Liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) was affected in the same way as liver DNAP; and hence TST had no effect on the ratio RNAP/DNAP in the liver. TST depressed kidney weight, thus confirming previous observations. TST also depressed kidney DNAP and increased kidney RNAP, thereby increasing the ratio RNAP/DNAP in kidney to a marked extent. Spleen weight was depressed by TST, though the effect did not attain statistical significance.

SOME EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE IMMATURE PULLET

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
D. S. Layne ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Sexually immature pullets were treated for 10 days with testosterone propionate (TST) in doses of hormone ranging from 0.25 to 5.0 mgm. per day. TST increased live weight gains, the effect being significant for the highest dosage; TST also increased oviduct weight. Both these results are in agreement with those of previous workers. TST did not affect significantly the net liver weight or the liver weight per kgm. live weight. Liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight was not affected by lower dosage levels, but was slightly and significantly increased by higher dosage levels. Liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) was affected in the same way as liver DNAP; and hence TST had no effect on the ratio RNAP/DNAP in the liver. TST depressed kidney weight, thus confirming previous observations. TST also depressed kidney DNAP and increased kidney RNAP, thereby increasing the ratio RNAP/DNAP in kidney to a marked extent. Spleen weight was depressed by TST, though the effect did not attain statistical significance.

SOME EFFECTS OF A FOLIC ACID ANTAGONIST ON THE RESPONSES OF THE IMMATURE PULLET TO TREATMENT WITH GONADAL HORMONES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. J. Phillips ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid

Aminopterin was found to depress the hypertrophy of the oviduct of immature pullets induced by estrogen plus androgen. The diet was arranged to be low in folic acid during the experimental period. Higher dosage levels of aminopterin did not further decrease the size of oviduct in estrogenized pullets below a plateau level which was higher than that of the unestrogenized controls. Aminopterin opposed the effects of the hormonal treatment on liver weight per kgm. live weight, adrenal weight, and spleen weight. Injections of folic acid not merely antagonized this effect of aminopterin, but increased the size of the spleen above that of the estrogenized controls. Intraperitoneal injections of desoxyribonucleic acid also opposed the effect of aminopterin on the spleen of the estrogenized pullet. Aminopterin appeared to have no effect on liver phosphoprotein P of the estrogenized pullet.Neither aminopterin nor aminopterin plus desoxyribonucleic acid affected serum calcium level significantly, but aminopterin plus folic acid significantly lowered the serum calcium level of the estrogenized pullet in one experiment. The differences between the groups in respect of liver nucleic acid content were slight and did not attain statistical significance.

THE EFFECT OF GONADAL HORMONES ON THE NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF LIVER AND SERUM IN THE IMMATURE PULLET, AND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF THE LIVERS OF SEXUALLY MATURE PULLETS AND COCKERELS

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Common ◽  
D. G. Chapman ◽  
W. A. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Young Chicken

Treatment of sexually immature pullets with testosterone propionate so as to evoke changes in combs and wattles similar to normal puberal changes did not affect liver weight or liver content of nucleic acids. Estradiol benzoate, or estradiol benzoate plus testosterone propionate, increased liver weight and total liver pentose nucleic acid, and slightly increased liver desoxypentose nucleic acid. Chemical evidence is adduced in support of the view that the increase of liver crude protein caused by estrogen is a consequence of cellular hypertrophy accompanied by a slight degree of hyperplasia. The ratio RNAP: DNAP was relatively high in the liver of the young chicken, but declined somewhat during the first 12 weeks. With the onset of reproductive activity, the ratio RNAP: DNAP increased in the livers of the females but did not show a similar tendency in the males. The results suggest that there is a sexual differentiation in the nucleic acid content of the livers of the mature fowl, and that this is reasonably attributable to endogenous estrogen activity. Data are presented in confirmation of the reported effect of estrogen in increasing serum or plasma nucleic acid in the fowl, androgen being without any such effect.

GENERAL EFFECTS OF α-MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE RABBIT

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Dyster-Aas ◽  
C. E. T. Krakau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
List Type ◽  
Aqueous Flare ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Blood Aqueous Barrier

ABSTRACT In addition to the previously described permeability disturbance in the blood aqueous barrier of the eye, measured as an increase of the aqueous flare, a series of transitory systemic effects have been recorded following the subcutaneous injection of synthetic α-MSH: marked increase of the free fatty acids in plasma, decrease in the serum calcium level, decrease in the blood pressure, increase in the skin temperature, increased frequency and diminished amplitude of respiration, presence of slow waves in the EEG. There is a correlation between the magnitude of the aqueous flare increase and the increase of free fatty acids in plasma and also between the aqueous flare and the minimum serum calcium level.

EFFECTS OF DESICCATED THYROID ON NON-ESTROGENIZED AND ESTROGENIZED SEXUALLY IMMATURE PULLETS

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Moo-Young ◽  
K. A. McCully ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Total Crude Protein ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Liver Tissues

Inclusion of 0.5 per cent desiccated thyroid in the food of unestrogenized immature pullets for 14 days reduced thyroid weight, reduced serum Ca slightly but significantly, increased liver total crude protein, liver total DNAP and total RNAP, but did not alter the ratio RNAP:DNAP in the liver. These results are regarded as indicative of stimulation of growth of liver tissues by the thyroidal treatment.Daily intramuscular, injection of 1.0 mg. estradiol benzoate for 14 days greatly increased serum Ca and liver total crude protein, increased slightly liver total DNAP and increased greatly liver total RNAP and ratio RNAP: DNAP in the liver. The thyroidal treatment reduced estrogen-induced increase of serum Ca and of liver crude protein but did not alter significantly the effects of estrogen on liver DNAP and RNAP.The thyroidal treatment increased kidney weight in both unestrogenized and estrogenized pullets.Estrogen treatment increased kidney weight and the percentage of dry matter in the kidney.The thyroidal treatment did not affect the degree of estrogen-induced hypertrophy of the oviduct.

scholarly journals The Effect of Lithium Carbonate on Egg Shell Formation and Serum Calcium Level of the Hen

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Creek ◽  
Pauline Lund ◽  
O.P. Thomas ◽  
W.O. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Egg Shell

Gonadal hormones organize and modulate the circadian system of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. R62-R66 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Albers
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Free Running Period

The circadian wheel-running rhythms of gonadectomized adult male, female, and perinatally androgenized female rats, maintained in constant darkness, were examined before and after implantation of Silastic capsules containing cholesterol (C) or estradiol-17 beta (E). The free-running period of the activity rhythm (tau) before capsule implantation tended to be shorter in animals exposed to perinatal androgen. Administration of C did not reliably alter tau in any group. E significantly shortened tau in 100% of females injected with oil on day 3 of life. In females, injected with 3.5 micrograms testosterone propionate on day 3, and males, E shortened or lengthened tau, with the direction and magnitude of this change in tau inversely related to the length of the individual's pretreatment tau. These data indicate that the presence of perinatal androgen does not eliminate the sensitivity of the circadian system of the rat to estrogen, since estrogen alters tau in a manner that depends on its pretreatment length.

scholarly journals Association of dietary calcium intake, total and ionized serum calcium levels with preeclampsia in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel D. Gebreyohannes ◽  
Ahmed Abdella ◽  
Wondimu Ayele ◽  
Ahizechukwu C. Eke
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Total Serum Calcium Level

Abstract Background Preeclampsia is a well-known cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The exact pathophysiology has not been fully understood. Calcium and magnesium deficiencies have been given emphasis to play roles in the pathophysiology. Although evidence is abundant, they are equivocal. The study aimed to see the association of dietary calcium intake, serum total calcium level and ionized calcium level with preeclampsia. It also evaluated the association between dietary calcium intake and serum calcium levels. Materials and methods An unmatched case–control study was conducted in Gandhi Memorial, Tikur Anbessa, and Zewditu Memorial Hospitals, all in Addis Ababa, between October to December, 2019. Cases were 42 women with preeclampsia and controls were 42 normotensive women. The medical and obstetric history was gathered using a structured questionnaire and the dietary calcium intake information using a 24-h dietary recall. The serum levels of total serum calcium and ionized (free) calcium were measured using an inductively coupled mass spectrophotometer. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression and Pearson correlation test were utilized during data analysis. Results In comparison with controls, women with preeclampsia had lower mean (± 1SD) levels of ionized calcium level (1.1 mmol/l ± 0.11), total serum calcium level (1.99 mmol/l ± 0.35) and lower median (IQR) dietary calcium intake (704 mg/24 h,458–1183). The odds of having preeclampsia was almost eight times greater in those participants with low serum ionized calcium level (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2.388–23.608) and three times higher in those with low total serum calcium level (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.024–9.370). Low dietary calcium intake also showed statistically significant association with preeclampsia (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.092 -10.723). Serum ionized calcium level and total serum calcium level showed positive correlation of moderate strength (p = 0.004, r = 0.307), but no correlation was found between dietary calcium intake with both forms of serum calcium levels. Conclusion This study showed significant association between low dietary calcium intake and low serum calcium levels with preeclampsia, hence this can be used as a supportive local evidence for the current context-specific recommendation of calcium supplementation in societies with low-dietary calcium consumption in an attempt to prevent preeclampsia, therefore implementation study should be considered in Ethiopia to look for the feasibility of routine supplementation.

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