scholarly journals VISCERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE BREEDS OF SWINE AND THEIR CROSSES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
W. E. REMPEL ◽  
S. G. CORNELIUS ◽  
C. E. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Stomach Weight

Two hundred and forty-nine pigs representing all possible two-breed crosses of Minnesota no. 1 (M), Pietrain (P), and Yorkshire (Y) breeds were slaughtered over five developmental stages (35 days of age, 22.5 kg, 45.0 kg, 67.5 kg, and 90 kg liveweight). The objectives were to determine how reciprocal differences and heterosis were affected by advancing maturity, to examine breed differences, and to determine growth curves for certain visceral measurements. Reciprocal differences were observed to show two distinct patterns. The first was characterized by an increase in magnitude relative to stage of development and the second was parabolic. Statistically significant heterosis estimates for these traits were the exception rather than the rule. The following breed differences were found: M > P > Y for large intestine length and leaf fat weight, (M = Y) > P for liver weight, P > Y > M for spleen weight, M > (P = Y) for kidney weight, M > Y > P for stomach weight and M > (P = Y) for small intestine wet weight. The growth curves for the viscera indicated that the intestinal tracts were the first to complete their growth, the internal organs grew relatively slower than liveweight increased, and the majority of leaf fat deposition occurred as the animals approached 90 kg live-weight. Key words: Reciprocal differences, heterosis, breed differences, viscera, growth curves, pigs

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN CARCASS TRAITS OF THREE BREEDS OF SWINE AND CROSSES AT FIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
W. E. REMPEL ◽  
S. G. CORNELIUS ◽  
C. E. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Breed Crosses

Carcass measurements from 249 pigs representing all possible two-breed crosses of Minnesota No. 1 (M), Pietrain (P), and Yorkshire (Y) breeds were recorded following slaughter at five developmental stages (35 days of age, 22.5 kg, 45.0 kg, 67.5 kg, and 90.0 kg liveweight). The objectives were to determine how advancing maturity affected reciprocal differences and heterosis, to examine breed differences, and to calculate growth curves for these measurements. Three distinct patterns were observed for reciprocal differences. The first was an increase in magnitude, the second parabolic, and the third a decrease in magnitude. Statistically significant heterosis estimates were too few to allow for an examination of trends associated with advancing maturity. The following breed differences were found: (M = Y)>P for carcass length, M>(P = Y) for mean backfat thickness, P>Y>M for loin eye area, ham weight, boned ham weight, semitendinosus weight, biceps femoris weight, and semimembranosus weight, (P = Y)>M for loin weight, shoulder weight, biceps brachii weights, femur weight, and ham and loin percentage, and Y>(M = P) for humerus weight. The growth curves indicated that 80% of total carcass length was achieved by 45.0 kg, mean backfat thickness, loin eye area, femur weight, and humerus weight had 80% of their growth completed by 67.5 kg, and boned ham weight, loin weight, shoulder weight, biceps brachii weight, ham weight, semitendinosus weight, semimembranosus weight, and biceps femoris increased directly proportional to liveweight. Key words: Reciprocal differences, heterosis, breed differences, carcass, growth curves, pigs

Effect of sex, polydactylism and rearing system on carcass parameters of Fulani- ecotype chickens in Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
G. O. Nweke-Okorocha ◽  
C. A. Chineke
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Carcass Parameters

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sex, Polydactylism and rearing system on carcass parameters of Fulani-ecotype chickens. Thirty chickens (15 males and 15 females) were randomly selected at 16 weeks old for carcass evaluation from population of the intensively (deep litter and cage system of management) kept Fulani eco-type chicken and were used for determining carcass characteristics such as Live weight, dressed weight, eviscerated weight, breast weight, Proventriculus weight, gizzard weight, liver weight, lung weight, spleen weight, bile weight, pancreas weight, heart weight, wing weight, shank weight, drumstick weight, thigh weight, head weight, neck weight, back weight. Data generated from the carcass parameters were subjected to least squares means using SAS 9.2 version 2008. Result showed that sex and polydactyly were significantly different (p<0.05) on all the carcass parameters measured except the organs. Birds kept in deep litter system had higher least squares means values than ones in cage system of management. This study revealed the effect of sex, polydactylism and rearing system on various carcass characteristics of Fulani ecotype chickens.

SOME EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE IMMATURE PULLET

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
D. S. Layne ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Sexually immature pullets were treated for 10 days with testosterone propionate (TST) in doses of hormone ranging from 0.25 to 5.0 mgm. per day. TST increased live weight gains, the effect being significant for the highest dosage; TST also increased oviduct weight. Both these results are in agreement with those of previous workers. TST did not affect significantly the net liver weight or the liver weight per kgm. live weight. Liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight was not affected by lower dosage levels, but was slightly and significantly increased by higher dosage levels. Liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) was affected in the same way as liver DNAP; and hence TST had no effect on the ratio RNAP/DNAP in the liver. TST depressed kidney weight, thus confirming previous observations. TST also depressed kidney DNAP and increased kidney RNAP, thereby increasing the ratio RNAP/DNAP in kidney to a marked extent. Spleen weight was depressed by TST, though the effect did not attain statistical significance.

SOME EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE IMMATURE PULLET

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
D. S. Layne ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Weight Gains

Sexually immature pullets were treated for 10 days with testosterone propionate (TST) in doses of hormone ranging from 0.25 to 5.0 mgm. per day. TST increased live weight gains, the effect being significant for the highest dosage; TST also increased oviduct weight. Both these results are in agreement with those of previous workers. TST did not affect significantly the net liver weight or the liver weight per kgm. live weight. Liver deoxyribonucleic acid phosphorus (DNAP) per kgm. live weight was not affected by lower dosage levels, but was slightly and significantly increased by higher dosage levels. Liver pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (RNAP) was affected in the same way as liver DNAP; and hence TST had no effect on the ratio RNAP/DNAP in the liver. TST depressed kidney weight, thus confirming previous observations. TST also depressed kidney DNAP and increased kidney RNAP, thereby increasing the ratio RNAP/DNAP in kidney to a marked extent. Spleen weight was depressed by TST, though the effect did not attain statistical significance.

scholarly journals Crayfish hemocytes develop along the granular cell lineage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Zaichao Zheng ◽  
Hongyu Li ◽  
Rongrong Fu ◽  
Limei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractDespite the central role of hemocytes in crustacean immunity, the process of hemocyte differentiation and maturation remains unclear. In some decapods, it has been proposed that the two main types of hemocytes, granular cells (GCs) and semigranular cells (SGCs), differentiate along separate lineages. However, our current findings challenge this model. By tracking newly produced hemocytes and transplanted cells, we demonstrate that almost all the circulating hemocytes of crayfish belong to the GC lineage. SGCs and GCs may represent hemocytes of different developmental stages rather than two types of fully differentiated cells. Hemocyte precursors produced by progenitor cells differentiate in the hematopoietic tissue (HPT) for 3 ~ 4 days. Immature hemocytes are released from HPT in the form of SGCs and take 1 ~ 3 months to mature in the circulation. GCs represent the terminal stage of development. They can survive for as long as 2 months. The changes in the expression pattern of marker genes during GC differentiation support our conclusions. Further analysis of hemocyte phagocytosis indicates the existence of functionally different subpopulations. These findings may reshape our understanding of crustacean hematopoiesis and may lead to reconsideration of the roles and relationship of circulating hemocytes.

A note on growth curves of rabbit lines selected on growth rate or litter size

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blasco ◽  
E. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Using Data

Two synthetic lines of rabbits were used in the experiment. Line V, selected on litter size, and line R, selected on growth rate. Ninety-six animals were randomly collected from 48 litters, taking a male and a female each time. Richards and Gompertz growth curves were fitted. Sexual dimorphism appeared in the line V but not in the R. Values for b and k were similar in all curves. Maximum growth rate took place in weeks 7 to 8. A break due to weaning could be observed in weeks 4 to 5. Although there is a remarkable similarity of the values of all the parameters using data from the first 20 weeks only, the higher standard errors on adult weight would make 30 weeks the preferable time to take data for live-weight growth curves.

A comparison of the Charolais, British Friesian and Hereford breeds as sires of crossbred singlesuckled calves for beef production

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Haycock ◽  
D. A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Beef Cattle Production ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYIn three successive years cows from an Aberdeen Angus cross Shorthorn herd were mated to pedigree Charolais, British Friesian and Hereford bulls. A comparison of the progeny of the three breeds of sire under controlled conditions was therefore possible using a random selection of dams for mating, and identical rearing of the calves. Results for live-weight gain of the suckled progeny were analysed and showed superiority of the Charolais breed over the other two when used in this form of beef cattle production.For birth weights and daily live-weight gains, particularly during the grazing period, the Charolais cross progeny showed superiority over the other two. There was a consistent although not always statistically significant tendency for these differences between the breed crosses to occur in the male calves only, the females showing little difference between breeds. The data also showed highly significant relationships between gestation period and birth weight, both within and between breed crosses.

Effects of restricted feeding and re-feeding of Barbarine lambs: intake, growth and non-carcass components

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mahouachi ◽  
N. Atti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Abstract Fifty intact male Barbarine lambs were used to assess the effects of restricted feeding and re-alimentation on intake, growth and non-carcass components. Five lambs were slaughtered at the start of the trial, the remainder were randomly allocated into three groups. One group was offered only stubble grazing (low: L), another, also on stubble, received, indoors, an average of 80 g dry matter (DM) of soya-bean meal per day (medium: M); the third group was kept indoors and had free access to hay and 450 g of concentrate per day (high: H). At the end of this restriction period (70 days), five lambs per group were slaughtered. The 10 remaining animals in each group were divided into two groups receiving concentrate and hay ad libitum. The crude protein content (CP) of the concentrate was 160 and 210 g/kg DM for the two treatments, respectively. At the end of the trial all animals were slaughtered at 37·61 ± 2·05 kg live weight.In the restriction period, sheep from the H group had a significantly higher growth rate (108 g/day) than L group (61 g/day) with M intermediate. The empty body weight (EBW) as well as carcass weight were significantly higher in H than in restricted sheep. Digestive tract components and liver weight were the same for all treatments. However, skin weight was significantly (P < 0·01) affected by dietary treatment. The heart and lungs were also heavier in H lambs than in the two other groups. Conversely, the relative weights of gut and liver as proportion of EBW increased in restricted lambs, while that of skin and red organs was not affected by diet.In the re-alimentation period and with both CP levels, the compensating animals showed the same growth rate as the previous unrestricted ones. At the end of this period, organ weights, in both absolute and relative value, were comparable among lambs of the three nutritional histories and two CP level. The absolute and proportional daily gains were similar in all animals for visceral and external organs, but they were significantly higher in H lambs than in L and M ones for the omental and mesenteric fat and testis.

scholarly journals Nonlinear modeling growth body weight of Mangalarga Marchador horses

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Amorim Caetano Souza ◽  
Tales Jesus Fernandes ◽  
Raquel Silva de Moura ◽  
Sarah Laguna Conceição Meirelles ◽  
Rafaela Aparecida Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Nonlinear Modeling ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Body Weight ◽  
The Cross

ABSTRACT: The analysis of the growth and development of various species has been done using the growth curves of the specific animal based on non-linear models. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the fit of the Brody, Gompertz, Logistic and von Bertalanffy models to the cross-sectional data of the live weight of the MangalargaMarchador horses to identify the best model and make accurate predictions regarding the growth and maturity in the males and females of this breed. The study involved recording the weight of 214 horses, of which 94 were males and 120 were non-pregnant females, between 6 and 153 months of age. The parameters of the model were estimated by employing the method of least squares, using the iteratively regularized Gauss-Newton method and the R software package. Comparison of the models was done based on the following criteria: coefficient of determination (R²); Residual Standard Deviation (RSD); corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). The estimated weight of the adult horses by the models ranged between 431kg and 439kg for males and between 416kg and 420kg for females. The growth curves were studied using the cross-sectional data collection method. For males the von Bertalanffymodel was found to be the most effective in expressing growth, while in females the Brody model was more suitable. The MangalargaMarchador females achieve adult body weight earlier than the males.

Factors governing the shape of the growth curve of body weight and the age at slaughter of Suffolk × Welsh lambs

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Broadbent ◽  
J. H. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Birth Type

Curves of growth in live-weight, from birth to 16 weeks of age, of 362 Suffolk × Welsh lambs were analysed for the effect of sex, birth type, sire and test centre environment and related to variation in age at slaughter.The relative pre-natal disadvantages of twin lambs resulted in their curves of growth differing from those of single-born animals, particularly in males. Test centre environment exerted a marked effect in such cases. At one centre, male twins showed marked compensatory growth.Differences in growth existed between the 14 sire progeny groups. As the linear component of the growth curves decreased, the quadratic values became increasingly negative. Deceleration of growth was most marked in slowest growing progeny groups and this was accentuated by a poor test centre environment.These factors combined to influence age at slaughter, which was also related to birth weight of the lamb. Lambs at the best test centre reached slaughter weight 10 and 16 days earlier than lambs at the two remaining centres. Sires produced differences in age at slaughter of 10 to 14 days, within centres.

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