Effects of nursery seedbed density and topdressing fertilization on survival and growth of 3 + 0 red pine

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin ◽  
L. Bowdery
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
And Performance

Two experiments with red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) were established on 1 + 0 beds at Midhurst Nursery in 1966 and 1967 to study the effects on planting stock of two seedbed densities (160 and 320 trees/m2) and three fertilization levels of topdressing (superficial application of dry fertilizer: control (none), normal, and double). Observations were made as trees were lifted at 3 + 0 and also in the field 5 years after outplanting.Lower seedbed density produced heavier trees, larger stem diameters, and in most cases lower top–root ratios for outplanting. It also resulted in higher survival and taller trees at 5 years after outplanting. The normal 'N' fertilization did not significantly affect tree size in the nursery but was related to decreased survival rate and performance after outplanting.Comparisons with white pine (P. strobas L.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss.) are given.

Effets du brûlage dirigé et du scarifiage sur l'établissement des semis et sur leur interaction avec la végétation concurrente

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée Tellier ◽  
Luc C. Duchesne ◽  
Robert S. McAlpine ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Clear Cut

In 1990, a jack pine forest was clear-cut on an 15 ha area and divided into 40 plots. In 1991, ten plots were burned-over under varying conditions to obtain different fire intensities and ten plots were scarified. Each plot was planted in 1992 with red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and white pine (P. strobus L.) seedlings. Survival rate and health of the seedlings was evaluated for the first two years after planting and the non-crop vegetation was assessed using a competition index developed for conifer management in Ontario. Our results show seedling survival rate, health, biomass and height to be improved when planted on burned-over or scarified sites and that fire intensity influences certain of those characteristics. Key words: scarification, fire, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus, competition

scholarly journals Response of Suppressed Conifer Seedlings to Release from an Aspen-pine Overstorey

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Dense Stand ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Seedlings of white pine, red pine, and white spruce which had germinated in a spot-seeding experiment, and which had been suppressed for 27 years under a mature aspen-pine stand were released in 1950. The development of a new dense stand of aspen suckers permitted conifer growth rates of about 0.3 m per year for the next 30 years (not as rapid as for open grown trees) yet limited white pine weevil damage. The stand was thinned in 1980 to remove the aspen and all but the best stem of the coniferous species at each seed spot.

Bales Versus Polybags in Cold and Frozen Overwinter Storage of Nursery Stock

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin ◽  
J. D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Storage ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Terminal Shoot

Fall lifted white spruce, white pine, and red pine were stored overwinter 1969–70 at Orono Nursery, Ontario. Frozen (−4 °C) and cold (1.5 °C) storage conditions; bales and polyethylene bags were compared. The trees were planted in the spring at three locations, both 'early' (May 5–8) and 'late' (May 26–28). This report is based on survival, height, and terminal shoot measurements to the end of the second season.Storage of white spruce was successful, the polybag was the better container, and frozen storage the better condition. White pine stored moderately successfully, and red pine storage was a failure.When planted late, fresh stock gave poor growth rates in all species. Reasonable extension of the planting season with frozen overwinter-stored stock appeared promising with white spruce. In white pine and red pine, however, late planting, even of stored stock, showed poor growth.

scholarly journals Provisional guidelines for fall lifting for frozen overwinter storage of nursery stock

1976 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin ◽  
J. D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Planting Season ◽  
Spring Planting

An experiment was started in the fall of 1972 to study the effects of the date of fall lifting on the post-planting performance of overwinter stored white spruce and jack pine. Storage at two temperatures was used, 0°F (−18 °C) and 26°F (−4 °C), with the former a failure, the latter successful. Spring planting indicated that "too early" outplanting is possible. Stored white spruce may be used to extend the planting season into late spring, but not jack pine.Degree-Hardening-Days, D-H-D, i.e. cumulative daily differences below 50°F from soil temperatures at 15 cm depth, is suggested as a possible criterion of stock readiness for storage. White spruce was about 200 D-H-D and jack pine about 375. By inferences from other experiments white pine is about 225 D-H-D and red pine about 300.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF FIVE CONIFERS RIDGE-PLANTED ON A WET SITE

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
J. D. MacArthur
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Survival And Growth

Five-year results indicate that ridge-planting is effective in reforesting poorly-drained land in the Morgan Arborteum. White, red, black, and Norway spruce and white pine showed significantly better survival and growth on ridges than in control planting. Norway and black spruce and white pine were the most successful. White spruce and red spruce survived well, but grew slowly.

An Underplanting experiment with White Pine and White Spruce Seedling and Transplant Stock

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
B. S. P. Wang ◽  
K. W. Horton
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Stand Conversion ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Better Than

Experimental underplanting of 2-0, 3-0 and 2-2 white pine and white spruce stock was carried out on scarified strips in two low-grade hardwood stands in central Ontario to find the relative suitability for stand conversion. Three-year results show that site preparation is a key to successful survival and height growth. Comparisons of costs per "surviving inch of height growth" indicate that 3-0 stock is superior to the 2-2 and 2-0, that white pine is somewhat better than white spruce, and that the survival and, growth were better beneath the tolerant than beneath the intolerant hardwoods.

ROOT PRUNING OF NURSERY STOCK

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Survival And Growth

In the fall of 1958, an experiment was begun at Midhurst Nursery to study the effects of root pruning at different stages of growth and at two depths, on 3-0 stock of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Root pruning was done by undercutting broadcast-sown seedbeds at two inch and four inch depths; in the fall as 2-0 (Sept. 16, 1958), in the spring at start of growth (April 30, 1959), during flush of growth (May 28, 1959) and towards end of terminal growth (June 25,1959).Seedbed counts were taken before lifting, in fall 1959, to study mortality. Random samples were taken on date of lifting (Sept. 17, 1959), for laboratory measurements to study effects on seedlings size. Other random samples were planted in experimental designs at Larose Forest. Counts of survival, and measurements of terminal growth were taken at the first, third and fifth year after planting.Results showed no mortality in the nursery but that all root pruning reduced height growth. Root pruning of white spruce after the flush of growth (June 25) increased survival and growth after outplanting, over that of unpruned stock. None of the treatments increased survival or growth of white pine. Depth of root pruning had no significant effect.

Is Moss Necessary in All Nursery Stock Packaging?

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Storage ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Cool Storage ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Bare Root

In 1976 a test was started to examine the need for sphagnum moss in Kraft-polyethylene bags containing bare-root nursery stock of white spruce, white pine and red pine. The test involved comparisons of overwinter frozen storage (190 to 201 days at −2 °C), spring cool storage (24 to 26 days at 2 °C) and spring unrefrigerated storage (13 to 16 days at air temperature in shade). A comparison was also made of the Kraft-polyethylene bag and the polybin container for the storage of white spruce. The effects were examined in terms of survival and growth in the second year after outplanting.The results showed that sphagnum moss in the containers was of no benefit under the conditions of the experiment. Overwinter frozen storage and spring cool storage were successful for white spruce and white pine. Red pine did not store successfully overwinter, probably because the stock was of poor quality (off-balance). The polybin was particularly successful for packaging and storage of white spruce.

Growth and survival of ectomycorrhizal and ectendomycorrhizal seedlings of Pinus resinosa on iron tailings

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. LoBuglio ◽  
H. E. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Root Collar

The survival and growth of ectomycorrhizal and ectendomycorrhizal red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings transplanted from a nursery onto iron tailings were examined. Seedlings were inoculated with the E-strain fungus BDG-58 (Complexipes sp. Walker emend. Yang & Korf), Phialophora finlandia Wang & Wilcox, Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, or Suillus subluteus (Peck) Snell ex Slipp & Snell. The first two isolates are ectendomycorrhizal fungi and the last two ectomycorrhizal fungi. Two-year field data on the tailings indicated a mycorrhizal treatment effect only in root-collar diameter at the end of the first growing season. The mycorrhizal treatments had a higher survival rate than the controls, with BDG-58 and Ph. finlandia seedlings having the greatest percent survival. Results from freehand root sections indicated that ectendomycorrhizae persisted in young roots of 4-year-old red pine seedlings that had been transplanted 2 years previously.

Another Look at Clay Dipping of Bare-Root Nursery Stock

1979 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin ◽  
W. R. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Clay Slurry ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Bare Root

Four experiments were established at Orono nursery to study the effects of root dipping (Kaolin clay slurry) on survival and growth after outplanting of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and white pine (P. strobus L.). There were early- and late-season spring plantings carried out after holding the trees in unrefrigerated storage in kraft-polyethylene bags for periods up to 3 weeks. Results of the outplantings were examined in terms of 5-year survival and growth data.The results show that the clay dipping was usually of no benefit and sometimes damaging. Late planting generally resulted in decreased survival and poorer growth. Storage of trees from the early lifting showed no significant decreases in survival and growth, but storage of spruce in the late lifting showed reduced survival and growth in proportion to duration of holding.

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