An Underplanting experiment with White Pine and White Spruce Seedling and Transplant Stock

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
B. S. P. Wang ◽  
K. W. Horton
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Stand Conversion ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Better Than

Experimental underplanting of 2-0, 3-0 and 2-2 white pine and white spruce stock was carried out on scarified strips in two low-grade hardwood stands in central Ontario to find the relative suitability for stand conversion. Three-year results show that site preparation is a key to successful survival and height growth. Comparisons of costs per "surviving inch of height growth" indicate that 3-0 stock is superior to the 2-2 and 2-0, that white pine is somewhat better than white spruce, and that the survival and, growth were better beneath the tolerant than beneath the intolerant hardwoods.

Black and White Spruce Plantings in Minnesota: Container vs Bareroot Stock and Fall vs Spring Planting

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Spring Planting ◽  
Better Than

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) styrob-lock and paperpot and 3-0 and 2-2 seedlings were planted spring and fall. After four seasons of growth the container seedlings had survival and height growth as good or better than the nursery seedlings. There were no differences in performance between the two container systems. The 2-2 stock generally had better survival than the 3-0 stock. Survival of fall-planted stock was equal to or better than that of the spring-planted stock. Key words: white spruce, black spruce, styroplugs, paper pots, seedlings, transplants, artificial regeneration, fall vs spring planting

Survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings in relation to stock type, site preparation and plantation type in southeastern Manitoba

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
J. Aurea Siemens ◽  
Vince Keenan ◽  
Daniel Philippot
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
Root Collar

Differences in survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings planted on boreal mixedwood sites were tested for stock types (transplant versus container), site preparation (Donaren disc trenching versus no trenching), and plantation types (open versus sheltered) in southeastern Manitoba after eight or nine growing seasons. Mortality of open plantation (32.3%) and container stock (32.5%) were significantly higher than sheltered plantation (23.7%) and transplant stock (22.8%), respectively. Donaren trenching slightly reduced the mortality of black spruce but significantly increased the mortality of white spruce. Seedlings of container stock (110 cm) were significantly shorter than transplant stock (157 cm). Significant difference in height was found between open and sheltered plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Root collar diameter of container stock (15.6 mm) was significantly smaller than transplant stock (23.1 mm). Root collar diameter in sheltered plantations was significantly larger than that in open plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Black spruce open plantation had significantly smaller volume (97 cm3) compare to black spruce sheltered (210 cm3) and white spruce open (175 cm3) and sheltered (229 cm3) plantations. White spruce open plantations also had smaller volume than white spruce sheltered plantations. Container stock had smaller volume (89 cm3) than transplant stock (267 cm3). For transplant stock, strip plantations had a significantly higher volume (329 cm3) than open plantations (204 cm3). Based on above results, we recommend that (1) transplant stock should be used, (2) sheltered plantation site preparation should be used on boreal mixedwood sites, and (3) Donaren disc-trenching is not necessary for planting white spruce. Key words: silviculture, boreal mixedwood site, plantation

Survival and growth response of white spruce stock types to site preparation in Alaska

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Youngblood ◽  
Elizabeth Cole ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Bare Root

To identify suitable methods for reforestation, we evaluated the interacting effects of past disturbance, stock types, and site preparation treatments on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedling survival and growth across a range of sites in Alaska. Replicated experiments were established in five regions. At each site, two complete installations differed in time since disturbance: “new” units were harvested immediately before spring planting and “old” units were harvested at least 3 years before planting. We compared mechanical scarification before planting, broadcast herbicide application during the fall before planting, and no site preparation with 1-year-old container-grown seedlings from two sources, 2-year-old bare-root transplants from two sources, and 3-year-old bare-root transplants. Seedlings were followed for 11 years on most sites. Based on meta-analyses, seedling survival increased 10% with herbicide application and 15% with mechanical scarification compared with no site preparation. Scarification and herbicide application increased seedling height by about 28% and 35%, respectively, and increased seedling volume by about 86% and 195%, respectively, compared with no site preparation. Soil temperature did not differ among site preparation methods after the first 7 years. Results suggest that white spruce stands may be successfully restored through a combination of vegetation control and use of quality planting stock.

Limiting White Pine Weevil Attacks by Side Shade

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Stiell ◽  
A. B. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Stand Conversion ◽  
Stand Height ◽  
White Pine Weevil

An experiment to limit damage by the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck), using strip-cuts aligned north-south to control the number of hours of direct sunlight falling on seedlings of white pine (Pinus strobus L.) planted on the strips, was carried out from 1964 to 1982 at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute. Strip widths (in relation to stand height) that would admit nominal values of 25, 50, 75, and 100% of daily full light were employed, and the experiment conducted in a pine-mixedwood and a mixed hardwood stand. Percentages of trees attacked by the weevil were clearly stratified by treatment in the mixed-wood stand, increasing from the narrow (25% light) to the open (100% light) strips. It was concluded that clear-cut strips in conifers or mixedwoods, where the ratio of strip width to stand height is in the range of 0.66 to 1.00 (admitting a nominal 50 to 75% of full light), will allow adequate numbers of white pine to reach a height of one log-length (5.2 m) free from weevil damage. However, rate of height growth will be diminished. This approach, which holds promise for natural regeneration of the pine or stand conversion by planting, is not effective in hardwood stands because leafless trees will not provide the necessary side shade when adult weevils are active in early spring.

May Burning Favors Survival and Early Height Growth of Longleaf Pine Seedlings

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Grelen
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Grass Stage ◽  
Better Than

Abstract After seven annual May burns, grass-stage longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedling survival averaged 71 percent, significantly higher than survival on a biennial May burn, an annual or biennial March burn, or an unburned control. Seedling height growth on the annual May burn was no better than that on the biennial May burn, but both May burns significantly exceeded the other treatments in height growth. The annual May burn also provided greatest survival and growth for longleaf seedlings that had begun height growth before the study began.

Effects of nursery seedbed density and topdressing fertilization on survival and growth of 3 + 0 red pine

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin ◽  
L. Bowdery
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
And Performance

Two experiments with red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) were established on 1 + 0 beds at Midhurst Nursery in 1966 and 1967 to study the effects on planting stock of two seedbed densities (160 and 320 trees/m2) and three fertilization levels of topdressing (superficial application of dry fertilizer: control (none), normal, and double). Observations were made as trees were lifted at 3 + 0 and also in the field 5 years after outplanting.Lower seedbed density produced heavier trees, larger stem diameters, and in most cases lower top–root ratios for outplanting. It also resulted in higher survival and taller trees at 5 years after outplanting. The normal 'N' fertilization did not significantly affect tree size in the nursery but was related to decreased survival rate and performance after outplanting.Comparisons with white pine (P. strobas L.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss.) are given.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF FIVE CONIFERS RIDGE-PLANTED ON A WET SITE

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
J. D. MacArthur
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Survival And Growth

Five-year results indicate that ridge-planting is effective in reforesting poorly-drained land in the Morgan Arborteum. White, red, black, and Norway spruce and white pine showed significantly better survival and growth on ridges than in control planting. Norway and black spruce and white pine were the most successful. White spruce and red spruce survived well, but grew slowly.

Effects of climate on growth of lodgepole pine and white spruce following site preparation and its implications in a changing climate

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cortini ◽  
Philip G. Comeau ◽  
Jacob O. Boateng ◽  
Lorne Bedford ◽  
John McClarnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Boreal Zone ◽  
Vegetation Control

Site preparation and vegetation control can be used to mitigate climate change effects on early plantation growth in boreal forests. In this study, we explored growth of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) and white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in relation to climate and site preparation using 20 years of data collected from studies in British Columbia. Results indicate that up to 45% of the variation in spruce growth and up to 37% of the variation in pine growth over this 20-year period can be explained by selected climatic variables. Monthly climate variables showed a stronger relationship to conifer growth than seasonal and annual variables. Climate variables related to the preceding year accounted for more than half of the variables in the final equations, indicating a lagged response in conifer growth. Future projections indicated that height growth of young lodgepole pine plantations in the sub-boreal zone could benefit (in the short term) from longer growing seasons by up to 12% on untreated stands. Untreated young white spruce plantations in the boreal zone may suffer height growth decreases of up to 10% due to increased drought stress. Vegetation control and mechanical site preparation treatments appear to mitigate effects of climate change to some extent.

Morphological Grading of White Spruce Nursery Stock

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin ◽  
C. Christ
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Survival And Growth

An experiment was begun in 1974 to examine morphological criteria of 3 + 0 and 2 + 2 white spruce planting stock in relation to subsequent performance. Trees (250) of each age-class were obtained from Midhurst Nursery and measured (top length, stem diameter and top-root ratio by volume of water displacement) and then planted on a cultivated site at Midhurst Research Unit. Survival and growth was measured for 6 years after planting.The 3 + 0 seedling stock was found to be inferior in survival, growth and cost for a stated objective aggregate height of stand. Top length, stem diameter and root volume were all good indicators of subsequent height growth. Tentative recommendations for 2 + 2 white spruce are: a minimum 22 cm top length, minimum 4 mm stem diameter, minimum 5 ml root volume, and top-root ratio range of 1.0 to 3.5:1.

INFLUENCES OF MICROCLIMATES ON MORTALITY AND GROWTH OF PLANTED WHITE SPRUCE, JACK PINE AND WHITE PINE

1963 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacHattie ◽  
K. W. Horton
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South ◽  
Previous Summer

Relationships between some microclimatic factors and mortality and growth of planted conifers were studied on the north and south aspects of a ridge in Eastern Ontario. It is shown that interactions between meteorological and physiographic factors complicate the classification of local climate for plantation purposes. Correlations between mortality of jack pine and white spruce and maximum temperature, and between height growth of white pine and mean temperature of the previous summer are suggestive rather than conclusive.

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