scholarly journals Response of Suppressed Conifer Seedlings to Release from an Aspen-pine Overstorey

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Dense Stand ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Seedlings of white pine, red pine, and white spruce which had germinated in a spot-seeding experiment, and which had been suppressed for 27 years under a mature aspen-pine stand were released in 1950. The development of a new dense stand of aspen suckers permitted conifer growth rates of about 0.3 m per year for the next 30 years (not as rapid as for open grown trees) yet limited white pine weevil damage. The stand was thinned in 1980 to remove the aspen and all but the best stem of the coniferous species at each seed spot.

The effects of overstory shading on white pine weevil damage to white spruce and its effects on spruce growth rates

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Taylor ◽  
C. Delong ◽  
R.I. Alfaro ◽  
L. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil ◽  
Extensive Damage

A retrospective study was conducted in 1993 that quantified the effects of overstory shading on both spruce weevil (Pissodesstrobi (Peck)) and leader growth on white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss × Piceaengelmannii Parry ex Engelm.). The study was undertaken in the interior of British Columbia, where the weevil is causing extensive damage to plantations of white spruce. Shading on the spruce trees was measured by calculating the light interception index and percent overstory cover on individual white spruce trees at the centre of a 2.52 m radius plot. Current weevil attacks decreased significantly with increasing overstory cover, and the rate of decrease was greater in heavily versus lightly attacked stands. Shading also decreased leader growth. These results indicate that the optimum level of overstory removal may be a compromise between volume loss due to overstory competition and volume gain due to decreased weevil attacks.

Variation in the induced resin response of white spruce, Piceaglauca, to attack by Pissodesstrobi

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro ◽  
G.K. Kiss ◽  
A. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Response Intensity ◽  
Attack Response ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Nonlinear Fashion ◽  
White Pine Weevil

The intensity of the traumatic resin response in white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi Peck, was studied in trees with different severities of attack. The response level was highest in trees where the attacks failed, i.e., where eggs were laid but the brood was killed and no adults emerged. Successfully attacked trees had, on average, only 62% of the response intensity of trees with failed attacks. Response intensity in trees that had been subjected only to feeding was much lower, at 42% of the failed attack response. Healthy unattacked trees showed no or little traumatic resin response. Response intensity varied in a nonlinear fashion with the number of eggs laid, increasing rapidly from zero in healthy trees, being highest in trees having between 10 and 60 egg punctures, and progressively lower again in trees with higher numbers of egg punctures. For a given number of egg punctures, resistant white spruce trees had a consistently higher traumatic resin response than susceptible trees. The number of eggs laid on a leader was inversely related to the intensity of the traumatic resin response and to the timing of the attack. Fewer eggs were laid on leaders with high traumatic resin response or attacked late in the season than on leaders with lower resin response or attacked early in the season.

TECHNIQUE FOR LABELING INDIVIDUAL PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) FOR MARK-RECAPTURE STUDIES

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory L. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Marking Technique ◽  
White Pine Weevil

AbstractA simple nontoxic technique to mark and reference the white pine weevil Pissodes strobi (Peck) is described. This marking technique was used to track the movement of individuals to the cohort level through time and space in a young white spruce plantation.

Impact du charançon du pin blanc (Pissodes strobi Peck) dans les plantations d'épinettes de Norvège (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) Partie 1 : Productivité et qualité des sciages

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Daoust ◽  
Marie-Josée Mottet
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
White Pine Weevil

A study to assess the effects that major deformations in merchantable stems of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), caused by the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]), have on lumber productivity and quality was performed on logs obtained from the second commercial thinning operation in three weevil-affected plantations. Deformed stems were found to be 6.3% shorter than undeformed stems and their lumber characteristics — merchantable volume, number of board feet and lumber monetary value — were 14.7%, 20.6% and 23.7% lower, respectively. However, when the respective proportions of deformed and undeformed stems were analyzed for a given plantation over a time horizon of a complete rotation, these shortfalls almost disappeared, with a loss of less than 3% being noted for total merchantable volume. The presence/absence of major deformations had no effect on visual grading of the lumber, which considers defects such as wane, knots and compression wood. For two of the three sites studied, almost 75% of the lumber was graded as Select Structural, No. 1 or No. 2. The plantation site and its characteristics (spacing and level of thinning) were found to have a more significant effect than deformations on productivity, lumber quality and monetary value. Furthermore, using the same methodology, one of the Norway spruce sites was compared with a white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) plantation containing trees of similar quality and height but no weevil problems. The Norway spruce stems, including those with deformations, were found to yield higher merchantable and usable log volumes, a larger number of board feet and a higher monetary value than the white spruce. On average, for the diameter-at-breast-height values tested — 14 to 23 cm — the monetary value of the lumber was 26% higher for Norway spruce. These findings are largely attributable to the less pronounced taper of Norway spruce. In conclusion, in spite of weevil attacks and its negative impact, Norway spruce trees growing on sites of moderate to very good quality maintain lumber potential, in terms of both quantity and quality for second thinning logs. The negative impact should gradually diminish at the time of next thinnings and final harvest. Key words: white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., wood quality, plantation, productivity

Resistance of white spruce to white pine weevil: Development of a resistance index

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene I. Alfaro ◽  
He Fangliang ◽  
G. Kiss ◽  
J. King ◽  
A. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Index ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
White Pine Weevil

An induced defense reaction in white spruce to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1725-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
René I. Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Induced Defense ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Defense Reaction ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Traumatic Resin Canals ◽  
Resin Canals ◽  
White Pine Weevil

An induced defense reaction in the leaders of white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, occurs in response to attack by the white pine weevil, Pissodesstrobi Peck. The response was initiated shortly after feeding and oviposition in the attacked shoot and consisted of the cambium switching from producing normal tracheids and parenchyma ray cells to producing traumatic resin canals, arranged in a ring fashion in the developing xylem. In sectioned leaders, these traumatic resin canals could be seen emptying their contents into feeding and oviposition cavities dug by the adults, and into the larval galleries. This defense reaction killed eggs and larvae. When the leader survived the attack, the cambium reverted to producing normal xylem tissue, leaving one or more rings of traumatic resin canals embedded in the xylem annual ring.

scholarly journals Impact of the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck) on Norway spruce plantations (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) Part 1: Productivity and lumber quality

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Daoust ◽  
Marie-Josée Mottet
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
White Pine Weevil

A study to assess the effects that major deformations in merchantable stems of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), caused by the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]), have on lumber productivity and quality was performed on logs obtained from a second commercial thinning operation in three weevil-affected plantations. Deformed stems were found to be 6.3% shorter than non-deformed stems and their lumber characteristics, i.e., merchantable volume, number of board feet and lumber monetary value, were 14.7%, 20.6% and 23.7% lower, respectively. However, when the respective proportions of deformed and non-deformed stems were analyzed for a given plantation over the time horizon of a complete rotation, these shortfalls almost disappeared, with a loss of less than 3% being noted for total merchantable volume. The presence/absence of major deformations had no effect on visual grading of the lumber, which takes defects such as wane, knots and compression wood into account. For two of the three sites studied, almost 75% of the lumber was graded as Select Structural, No. 1 or No. 2. The plantation site and its characteristics (spacing and level of thinning) were found to have a more significant effect than deformations on productivity, lumber quality and monetary value. Furthermore, using the same methodology, one of the Norway spruce sites was compared with a white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) plantation containing trees of similar quality and height, but with no weevil problems. The Norway spruce stems, including those with deformations, were found to yield higher merchantable and usable log volumes, a larger number of board feet and a higher monetary value than white spruce. On average, for the diameter at breast height values tested — 14 to 23 cm — the monetary value of the lumber was 26% higher for Norway spruce. These findings are largely attributable to the less pronounced taper of Norway spruce. In conclusion, in spite of weevil attacks and their negative impact, Norway spruce trees growing on sites of moderate to very good quality maintain lumber potential, in terms of both quantity and quality, for second thinning logs. The negative impact should gradually decrease at the time of next thinnings and final harvest. Key words: white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., wood quality, plantation, productivity

Impact du charançon du pin blanc (Pissodes strobi Peck) dans les plantations d’épinette de Norvège (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Partie 2 : Propriétés du bois des sciages

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-722
Author(s):  
Marie-Josée Mottet ◽  
Gaëtan Daoust ◽  
S Y Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pissodes Strobi ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
White Pine Weevil

We studied the lumber characteristics of 148 trees taken for that purpose during commercial thinning operations in three Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) plantations, aged from 32 to 34 years, which had been attacked by the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]). The trees, with diameters ranging from 14 to 23 cm, were grouped into three quality classes according to the number of major deformations caused by the weevil. The effects of the deformations on rigidity, bending strength, wood density and lumber defects were examined. Results show that in general the deformations caused by the weevil do not affect the lumber properties of Norway spruce on sites of medium- to high-quality. For the three Norway spruce plantations, the mean values of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the lumber vary from 8510 to 9357 MPa, and for the modulus of rupture (MOR) range from 36.0 to 42.5 MPa, whereas wood density varies from 324 to 343 kg·m-3. For comparison purposes, the same measurements were taken on lumber from 38 trees in a white spruce (P. glauca [Moench] Voss) plantation that was unaffected by the weevil, but otherwise comparable to the Norway spruce plantation on one of the sites studied. The lumber properties from the Norway spruce taken from deformed or undeformed stems are 34% superior to the white spruce for the MOE, 20% for the MOR and 8% for wood density. The smaller knots in the Norway spruce could explain this difference. On the other hand, a visual classification of this type of wood reveals few differences in the lumber's bending strength or rigidity. Key words: Norway spruce, Picea abies, wood characteristics, MOE, MOR, wood density, lumber, white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi, white spruce, Picea glauca

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