Performance of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) rooted cuttings from proliferated dwarf shoots versus seedlings 8 years after planting

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1404-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Wayne Bell ◽  
Paul Charrette ◽  
Megan Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Wind Throw ◽  
Improvement Programs

Growth and tree form characteristics of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) rooted cuttings propagated from proliferated dwarf shoots (PDS) were compared with seedlings in two field trials 8 years after establishment. Results indicated that jack pine rooted cuttings from PDS can grow as well as seedlings and maintain acceptable tree form. Rooted cuttings of progeny from the 22 top-ranking open-pollinated families in a seedling seed orchard of jack pine were 4.2% taller and 10% larger in diameter at breast height than commercial seedlings tested on the same sites, which indicates that rooted cuttings have potential in realizing genetic gains in jack pine tree improvement programs. Rooted cuttings increased the proportion of trees with normal branching characteristics and reduced the percentage of trees with excessive heavy branches in the Sault St. Marie trial, which had larger tree sizes. However, longer term monitoring (20 to 25 years) is needed to determine stability of jack pine rooted cuttings planted on sandy soil where wind throw may become a problem as tree size increases.

A Canadian Example of Government-Industry Collaboration In Tree Improvement

1976 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
High Quality Seed

A program of provenance testing, seed production and genetic improvement of jack pine was developed in the Baskatong region of western Quebec through sustained collaboration among government forest services and forest industry. Research plantations demonstrated, within a period of 10 years from establishment, the superiority in growth, cold hardiness and disease resistance of regionally adapted local seed sources. Critical differences were evident between provenances from the Boreal Forest Region and those from the adjacent Sections of the Great Lakes — St. Lawrence Forest Region.A 300-acre (120 ha) seed production area was created within a genetically superior jack pine population of natural origin in the Côte Jaune area west of Lake Baskatong. Within this population, 325 plus trees were selected, marked and recorded over two years by student crews employed in the summer. Seed harvested from the felled plus trees will be used to create a seedling seed orchard and to establish progeny tests. The plus trees are to be grafted for controlled breeding among selected progeny-tested clones at a later date. This cooperative program of tree improvement will ensure the future supply of high quality seed that will maintain and enhance the value of the forest resource.

scholarly journals Effects of Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, on Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, Growth in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Epp ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

The Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is an important pathogen of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Dwarf Mistletoe alters tree form, suppresses growth, and reduces volume and overall wood quality of its host. Stem analysis and a 3-parameter logistic regression model were used to compare the growth of heavily and lightly to non infected Jack Pine trees. At the time of sampling, no significant reduction in diameter at breast height and basal area were observed in heavily infected trees. However, a significant reduction in height and volume and an increase in taper were observed in heavily infected trees. Growth models predicted a 21.1% lower basal area, 23.4% lower height and 42.1% lower volume by age 60 for the high infection group.

Ten-year Response of Semimature Jack Pine Forest in Northwestern Ontario to Fall Nitrogen-Phosphorus and Nitrogen-Potassium Fertilizer Treatments

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
N. W. Foster ◽  
H. S. D. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Results are reported from the third in a series of three industry-sponsored forest fertilization field trials established in an approximately 55-year-old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stand in the Dryden-Sioux Lookout area of northwestern Ontario. The experiment was of randomized block design and tested various combinations of N plus P and N plus K. The experiment was unique in that fertilizers were applied in the fall on approximately 5 cm of early snow. Significant increases over control for several parameters after both five and ten years were noted for several treatments. Best response in relation to total volume increment over ten years was to N at 112 kg/ha plus K at 93 kg/ha where 21.72 m3/ha of extra wood was produced.

Realized genetic gains observed in a first generation seedling seed orchard for jack pine in New Brunswick, Canada

New Forests ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Weng ◽  
K. Tosh ◽  
G. Adam ◽  
M. S. Fullarton ◽  
C. Norfolk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Realized Genetic Gains

Carbofuran Trials in a Red Pine Seed Orchard

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Rush ◽  
Ronald P. Overton ◽  
Raymond P. Guries ◽  
David J. Hall ◽  
Robert S. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract Seed and cone insects can drastically reduce seed yields from pine seed orchards and consequently reduce the profitability of entire tree improvement programs. Liquid and granular formulations of carbofuran both controlled the eastern pine seedworm, the red pine coneworm, the webbing coneworm, and a cone resin midge in field trials at a red pine seed orchard in southern Wisconsin. Both formulations substantially reduced the frequency of insect attacks when applied at the rate of 0.8 oz of active ingredient per inch of tree diameter. The percent of cones attacked by insects declined from 96% in untreated trees to 32% in trees treated with granular carbofuran and 11% in trees treated with liquid carbofuran. Some phytotoxicity was noted on trees treated with liquid carbofuran; phytotoxicity was much less apparent on trees treated with the granular formulation. Label amendments have been made to allow the operational use of carbofuran in northern pine seed orchards, and this may make northern tree improvement programs more profitable. North. J. Appl. For. 4:177-180, Dec. 1987.

scholarly journals Estimating the timing of maximum pollen release from jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Di-Giovanni ◽  
P. G. Kevan ◽  
G.-É. Caron
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Operational Testing ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
Start Dates

A practical heat sum method was validated for estimating the date of maximal pollen release of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario. The base temperature and start date that minimized differences between estimated and observed maximum pollen release dates were sought. Heat sums were calculated for all data sets (n = 26) for a range of base temperatures (1 to 20 °C) and start dates (January 1 to maximum pollen release). The best combination was a start date at Julian day 107 and base temperature at 4 °C. The heat sum to maximum pollen release was 288.58 degree days and the average difference between estimated and observed was 2.75 days. Recommendations for operational testing are made. Key words: heat sum, phenology, Piuns banksiana Lamb., temperature, pollen, dehiscence, contamination, seed orchard

Comparisons of genetic diversity in white spruce (Picea glauca) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seed orchards with natural populations

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J.W Godt ◽  
J L Hamrick ◽  
M A Edwards-Burke ◽  
J H Williams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Source Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Seed Orchards

Genetic diversity within a white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seed orchard (consisting of 40 clones) and a jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seed orchard (31 clones) was assessed and compared with genetic diversity in natural populations within the source area for the orchards. Genetic diversity was determined at 18 allozyme loci for seven white spruce populations and 27 loci for five jack pine populations, and the two orchards. Gene diversity maintained within the seed orchards (He = 0.157 for white spruce and 0.114 for jack pine) was similar to that found within the source area for each species (He = 0.164 and 0.114 for white spruce and jack pine, respectively). However, nine white spruce alleles and 12 jack pine alleles identified in the source area were not present in the seed orchards. These alleles occurred at low frequencies in the natural populations (mean frequency = 0.023 and 0.014 for white spruce and jack pine, respectively). Mean genetic identities between the seed orchards and their natural populations were high (>0.99), indicating that common allele occurrences and frequencies were similar between the orchards and their source area. One allele in the white spruce orchard and two in the jack pine seed orchard did not occur within the natural population samples. Simulations indicated that randomly reducing the number of clones within the seed orchards would decrease allelic richness slightly but would have little effect on overall gene diversity.

Comparative Growth and Development of Planted and Natural Stands of Jack Pine

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Janas ◽  
D. G. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Natural Stands

This study compares growth yield, and stem quality differences at age 21 between plantations spaced at 2.13 × 2.13 m (2204 stems/ha) and 4.27 × 4.27 m (548 stems/ha), and a nearby natural jack pine stand of identical age (initial density of 29 800 stems/ha). Merchantable volume/ha was greatest at the 2.13 m spacing, followed by the less dense plantation and natural stand. Total volume/ha (trees > 1.3 m height) was also greatest in the 2.13 m plantation, followed by the natural stand and the 4.27 m plantation. Individual tree mean merchantable volumes decreased with increasing density. Height growth decreased with increasing density. Height 4.27 m plantation relative to the 2.13 m plantation. Stem quality of the natural stand was markedly better than in both plantations. A comparison of an older natural stand and a plantation in the same area suggests that superiority of tree form of denser natural stands will continue through to rotation. High mortality in the natural stand was largely the result of snow and ice damage which caused patchy and irregular stocking. These results imply that widely spaced plantations of unimproved jack pine will produce large individual tree sizes, but at the expense of quality. Key words: Pinus banksiana, plantations, natural stands, stem quality growth and yield, stand density, mortality, spacing, silviculture.

Genetically based differences in susceptibility of white spruce to the spruce bud moth

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Jean Turgeon ◽  
Dale Simpson ◽  
Allan Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Traits ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Selection For ◽  
One Year

The susceptibility of white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, leaders to damage by the spruce bud moth, Zeirapheracanadensis Mut. & Free., was assessed for 72 half-sib families at four half-sib family test sites and in one seedling seed orchard in New Brunswick. Trees of intermediate height (1.5–3.75 m) were the most damaged, and damage in one year was positively correlated to damage in the next. During 2 consecutive years, half-sib family explained only 1% of the variation in damage when all four test sites were analysed together. However, half-sib family explained between 2.9 and 7.9% of the variation in damage at individual sites. At the four test sites, mean growth reductions of trees in the two most susceptible families were estimated to be approximately 30% higher than those of trees in the two least susceptible families. When all 72 families were ranked with respect to height, trees in the most susceptible and least susceptible families were ranked very poorly and highly, respectively. This suggested that trees in more susceptible families were smaller because of damage by the spruce bud moth. However, this pattern was observed at all sites, including one where bud moth damage was negligible. Thus even in the absence of damage by the spruce bud moth, trees in these least susceptible families had a greater growth rate, in terms of height, than trees in the most susceptible families. This indicates that selection for plant traits reducing susceptibility to bud moth may be compatible with breeding programs attempting to improve height growth. Implications of these results for tree improvement programs are discussed.

Flowering in a jack pine seedling seed orchard increased by spraying with gibberellin A4/7

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1056-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Cecich
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Female Flowering ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Control Tree

Jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), in a 3-year-old orchard established with accelerated-growth seedlings, were sprayed with gibberellin A4/7 (GA4/7) in an Aromox–ethanol solution during the 1981 growing season. Seven treatment periods were evaluated: the entire growing season, shoot elongation, bud development, early (first half) and late (second half) shoot elongation, and early and late bud development. Three concentrations of GA4/7 (200, 400, and 600 mg•L−1) were applied in all combinations with treatment periods. Three treatments increased female flowering: 400 and 600 mg•L−1 GA4/7 sprayed the entire growing season and 600 mg•L−1 sprayed during bud development. The number of pollen clusters was increased by spraying 400 and 600 mg•L−1 GA4/7 during any treatment period except early shoot elongation and late bud development or during shoot elongation (400 mg•L−1 only). The 200 mg•L−1 GA4/7 increased pollen clusters only if sprayed during early bud development or the entire growing season. The percentage of trees bearing pollen increased with all concentrations of GA4/7. The 1982 shoot growth of trees sprayed in 1981 during shoot elongation or the entire growing season (all GA4/7 levels pooled) was significantly less than control-tree growth or that of trees in the other treatment periods. The best treatment for increasing both male and female strobili was 600 mg•L−1 GA4/7 sprayed during bud development.

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