scholarly journals Estimating the timing of maximum pollen release from jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Di-Giovanni ◽  
P. G. Kevan ◽  
G.-É. Caron
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Operational Testing ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
Start Dates

A practical heat sum method was validated for estimating the date of maximal pollen release of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario. The base temperature and start date that minimized differences between estimated and observed maximum pollen release dates were sought. Heat sums were calculated for all data sets (n = 26) for a range of base temperatures (1 to 20 °C) and start dates (January 1 to maximum pollen release). The best combination was a start date at Julian day 107 and base temperature at 4 °C. The heat sum to maximum pollen release was 288.58 degree days and the average difference between estimated and observed was 2.75 days. Recommendations for operational testing are made. Key words: heat sum, phenology, Piuns banksiana Lamb., temperature, pollen, dehiscence, contamination, seed orchard

The effects on small-mammal populations of aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis, fenitrothion, and Matacil® used against jack pine budworm in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan G. L. Innes ◽  
James F. Bendell
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm

In late June 1985, both operational and experimental aerial spraying was conducted against an outbreak of jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus) in northern Ontario. We report the effects of the insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis, fenitrothion, and Matacil® on populations of rodents and shrews in young (20 years) and medium-aged (40 years) jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations. Live, snap, and pitfall traps were used to monitor small-mammal populations from early June to late August on four sprayed plots and two control plots. We found no statistically significant differences in abundances that could be attributed to an insecticide. However, pitfall trapping suggested that the abundance of shrews was altered by the fenitrothion spray. Both the pattern and magnitude of shrew captures was different relative to a control and two other treatment plots. This difference may have resulted from the lack of available prey (arthropods) on the fenitrothion plot. With the exception of fenitrothion, our results agree with other studies which suggest that standard applications of insecticides to control forest insects have no detectable or only limited impact on small mammals.

scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) and Red Pine (P. resinosa) Populations From Metal Contaminated Areas in Northern Ontario (Canada) Using ISSR Markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ranger ◽  
K. K. Nkongolo ◽  
P. Michael ◽  
P. Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Information Index

Abstract Metal accumulation in soil and plant tissues has caused severe ecological damage in forest ecosystems in the Sudbury region. The main objective of the present study was to determine the levels of genetic diversity in jack and red pine populations growing in metal contaminated and uncontaminated areas. Newly introduced populations were compared to 40 to 60 old populations. For jack pine, the percentage of polymorphic loci (P %) ranged from 14.6% to 45.8% with a mean of 31.6%. Nei’s gene diversity (h) varied from 0.046 to 0.169 with an average of 0.100, and Shannon’s index (I) ranged from 0.070 to 0.250 with an average of 0.153. The level of genetic variation was much lower in the red pine populations. For this species, the level of polymorphic loci varied from 4.55% to 27.27%. The mean for Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index, were 0.034 and 0.053, respectively. The highest genetic diversity values were observed in new plantations being developed by the Sudbury reforestation program. Overall, the genetic distance among the Pinus banksiana populations revealed that all the populations analyzed were genetically close to each other. There was no association between metal accumulation and genetic diversity for both species.

scholarly journals Shelter Spot Seeding Trials with Jack Pine, Black Spruce and White Spruce in Northern Ontario

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. J. Dominy ◽  
J. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Bare Spot ◽  
Height Data

Seeding trials were established on four different sites in northern Ontario (46°41′N to 49°19′N) in 1979 and 1980. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was seeded on two medium sand sites, black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) on a sandy clay site, and white spruce (P. glauca [Moench] Voss) on a clay site. Conventional bare spot seeding was compared with spot seeding under Finnish-designed plastic shelters. At least two seeding dates were compared in each trial. Third- and fifth-year stocking and fifth-year height data are presented.Stocking of all three species was increased, regardless of sowing date, when shelters were used. With the exception of June-sown black spruce and one June sowing of jack pine, height growth was not significantly improved through the use of seed shelters. Shelters may prove to be a viable regeneration option only on cooler, exposed sites with little vegetative competition. Key words: Shelter spot seeding, bare spot seeding, Pinus banksiana Lamb., Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P., P. glauca [Moench] Voss.

Effects of the insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis on Sorex cinereus (masked shrew) populations, diet, and prey selection in a jack pine plantation in northern Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Bellocq ◽  
J. F. Bendell ◽  
B. L. Cadogan
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
Sorex Cinereus

A simulated operational spray with Bacillus thuringiensis in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantation near Gogama, Ontario, showed effects of the insecticide on the population structure, diet, and prey selection of the masked shrew, Sorex cinereus. During the pretreatment period, the abundance and population structure of S. cinereus were similar in the control and experimental areas. Although the total abundance of shrews was also similar after spraying, there were fewer adult males and more juveniles in the treated area than in the control. The emigration of adult males was apparently increased after spraying. Lepidopteran larvae and Araneae were the most abundant items in the diet. After spraying, more lepidopteran larvae were eaten on the control than on the treated area. Juveniles and adult females but not adult males shifted from lepidoptran larvae to alternative prey in the treated area. Generalist insectivores such as S. cinereus are more likely to control the abundance of arthropods and less likely to be impacted negatively by selective insecticides such as B. thuringiensis.

Comparisons of genetic diversity in white spruce (Picea glauca) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seed orchards with natural populations

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J.W Godt ◽  
J L Hamrick ◽  
M A Edwards-Burke ◽  
J H Williams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Source Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Seed Orchards

Genetic diversity within a white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seed orchard (consisting of 40 clones) and a jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seed orchard (31 clones) was assessed and compared with genetic diversity in natural populations within the source area for the orchards. Genetic diversity was determined at 18 allozyme loci for seven white spruce populations and 27 loci for five jack pine populations, and the two orchards. Gene diversity maintained within the seed orchards (He = 0.157 for white spruce and 0.114 for jack pine) was similar to that found within the source area for each species (He = 0.164 and 0.114 for white spruce and jack pine, respectively). However, nine white spruce alleles and 12 jack pine alleles identified in the source area were not present in the seed orchards. These alleles occurred at low frequencies in the natural populations (mean frequency = 0.023 and 0.014 for white spruce and jack pine, respectively). Mean genetic identities between the seed orchards and their natural populations were high (>0.99), indicating that common allele occurrences and frequencies were similar between the orchards and their source area. One allele in the white spruce orchard and two in the jack pine seed orchard did not occur within the natural population samples. Simulations indicated that randomly reducing the number of clones within the seed orchards would decrease allelic richness slightly but would have little effect on overall gene diversity.

Climatic sensitivity, water-use efficiency, and growth decline in boreal jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests in Northern Ontario

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 2761-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Dietrich ◽  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
Lucas C. R. Silva ◽  
Alice Cecile ◽  
William R. Horwath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Climatic Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Use Efficiency

The composition, diversity, and heterogeneity of some jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands in northeastern Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2629-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Effects ◽  
Canopy Type

Understorey composition, diversity, and interquadrat heterogeneity are examined among a series of 23 jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) dominated stands in northeastern Ontario. Information on the soils, density, and age structure of the trees was available for each site studied. Composition in both vegetation and soils data sets was explored using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), an efficient trend seeking ordination technique. Following a rotation to congruence of vegetation axes upon those for soil, variation in the soils data accounted for a maximum of 40–50% variance in the first two axes of the vegetation analysis. Examination of a residual ordination, after soil effects were removed, indicated a primary gradient related to both canopy type and frequency of disturbance by surface fire. Diversity measures, including richness and N2, showed no relationship to stand age, disturbance frequency, or canopy type. Some indefinite patterns appeared with bryophyte diversity. Interquadrat heterogeneity showed no relationship to stand age, canopy type, or disturbance regime as more than one source of spatial pattern was evident among the stands. These results are discussed in relation to the study of succession by indirect methods.

Performance of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) rooted cuttings from proliferated dwarf shoots versus seedlings 8 years after planting

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1404-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Wayne Bell ◽  
Paul Charrette ◽  
Megan Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Wind Throw ◽  
Improvement Programs

Growth and tree form characteristics of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) rooted cuttings propagated from proliferated dwarf shoots (PDS) were compared with seedlings in two field trials 8 years after establishment. Results indicated that jack pine rooted cuttings from PDS can grow as well as seedlings and maintain acceptable tree form. Rooted cuttings of progeny from the 22 top-ranking open-pollinated families in a seedling seed orchard of jack pine were 4.2% taller and 10% larger in diameter at breast height than commercial seedlings tested on the same sites, which indicates that rooted cuttings have potential in realizing genetic gains in jack pine tree improvement programs. Rooted cuttings increased the proportion of trees with normal branching characteristics and reduced the percentage of trees with excessive heavy branches in the Sault St. Marie trial, which had larger tree sizes. However, longer term monitoring (20 to 25 years) is needed to determine stability of jack pine rooted cuttings planted on sandy soil where wind throw may become a problem as tree size increases.

Planting recommendations for blueberry — sweetfern sites in northern Ontario

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Average Height ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Local Conditions

This is an extension of a 1968 report on experiments established to study species, age-classes, and planting site treatments for blueberry-sweet-fern (Vaccinium-Comptonia) sites in northern Ontario. Red pine (3–0 and 2–2) and jack pine (2–0 and 2–1) were planted in scalped spots, in furrows, in herbicide-spray strips, in ground cover, and in bulldozed plots. This report is based on survival and height at 10 years after planting.The results suggest that jack pine is more satisfactory than red pine, producing much greater aggregate height (survival × average height). In both species transplants performed better than seedlings. Comparisons of site treatment and planting methods showed that furrowing and bulldozing were both satisfactory for 2–2 red pine, but that bulldozing was clearly the best method for jack pine.Reforestation of dry "blueberry-sweetfern" sites in north-central and northeastern Ontario has often been difficult. These plant associations occur on dry sands and gravels, usually following a fire, or a cutover and burn. The ground cover is Vaccinium spp. and Comptonia peregrina (L) Coult., with scattered herbs and grasses. There may also be light or open cover of trees, such as jack pine Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white birch (Betula payrifera Marsh) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Jack pine is the common species for planting but under some local conditions red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) may be preferred.In 1959 experimental plots were established in the forest districts of Chapleau, Swastika and North Bay, to examine some aspects of the planting requirements for these sites. This report is based on the tenth-year survival and height measurements at Swastika and North Bay. The Chapleau plots are not included because of uncertainty caused by invasion of natural seedlings. An earlier report (Mullin 1968a) was based on the Chapleau and Swastika plots to the fifth-year after planting.

CONELET ABORTION IN JACK PINE CAUSED BY PLATYLYGUS LURIDUS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1213-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aunu Rauf ◽  
R. A. Cecich ◽  
D. M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Induce Abortion

AbstractConelet abortion in a jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb., seed orchard in Oneida County, Wisconsin was caused by Platylygus luridus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) and ranged from 51% to 87% with the average 74.5% in 3 of 4 years. Adults preferred to feed on ovules in conelets and were 3 to 4 times more destructive than nymphs. When conelets were protected from this insect by coating the twig above and below the conelet with Tanglefoot®, abortion was below 11%. Other mirid adults including Phytocoris michiganae Knight, Pilophorus amoenus Uhler, Dichrooscytus suspectus Reuter, and Europiella n.sp. confined in cages with conelets did not induce abortion.

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