Comparative Growth and Development of Planted and Natural Stands of Jack Pine

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Janas ◽  
D. G. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Natural Stands

This study compares growth yield, and stem quality differences at age 21 between plantations spaced at 2.13 × 2.13 m (2204 stems/ha) and 4.27 × 4.27 m (548 stems/ha), and a nearby natural jack pine stand of identical age (initial density of 29 800 stems/ha). Merchantable volume/ha was greatest at the 2.13 m spacing, followed by the less dense plantation and natural stand. Total volume/ha (trees > 1.3 m height) was also greatest in the 2.13 m plantation, followed by the natural stand and the 4.27 m plantation. Individual tree mean merchantable volumes decreased with increasing density. Height growth decreased with increasing density. Height 4.27 m plantation relative to the 2.13 m plantation. Stem quality of the natural stand was markedly better than in both plantations. A comparison of an older natural stand and a plantation in the same area suggests that superiority of tree form of denser natural stands will continue through to rotation. High mortality in the natural stand was largely the result of snow and ice damage which caused patchy and irregular stocking. These results imply that widely spaced plantations of unimproved jack pine will produce large individual tree sizes, but at the expense of quality. Key words: Pinus banksiana, plantations, natural stands, stem quality growth and yield, stand density, mortality, spacing, silviculture.

scholarly journals Effects of Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, on Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, Growth in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Epp ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

The Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is an important pathogen of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Dwarf Mistletoe alters tree form, suppresses growth, and reduces volume and overall wood quality of its host. Stem analysis and a 3-parameter logistic regression model were used to compare the growth of heavily and lightly to non infected Jack Pine trees. At the time of sampling, no significant reduction in diameter at breast height and basal area were observed in heavily infected trees. However, a significant reduction in height and volume and an increase in taper were observed in heavily infected trees. Growth models predicted a 21.1% lower basal area, 23.4% lower height and 42.1% lower volume by age 60 for the high infection group.

Testing for trade-offs between flight and reproduction in the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on two pine (Pinaceae) hosts

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha Wijerathna ◽  
Caroline Whitehouse ◽  
Heather Proctor ◽  
Maya Evenden
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Pine Beetle

AbstractMountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), adults fly to disperse before host colonisation. The effect of flight on reproduction was tested by comparing the number and quality of offspring from beetles flown on flight mills to that of unflown control beetles. Beetles reproduced in bolts of their native host, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann (Pinaceae)), or a novel host, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lambert (Pinaceae)). Bolts infested by control beetles produced more offspring overall than bolts with flown beetles. The effect of pine species on the number of offspring produced per bolt varied by individual tree. Flown adults produced fewer offspring compared to control parents in all bolts in jack pine regardless of the tree, but tree-level variation was visible in lodgepole pine. An interaction between flight treatment and tree host affected beetle body condition. More offspring emerged from jack pine, but higher quality offspring emerged from lodgepole pine. The offspring sex ratio was female-biased regardless of parental flight treatment. This study reveals trade-offs between flight and reproduction in mountain pine beetle as measured at the level of the bolt.

Comparison of height growth and growth intercept models of jack pine plantations and natural stands in northern Ontario

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2179-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-ping Guo ◽  
Jian R Wang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Growth Intercept

Accurate estimates of forest productivity are required for sustainable forest management. Sixty-five jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) plantations (<50 years of age) were sampled to develop height growth and variable growth intercept (GI) models for jack pine plantations in northern Ontario, Canada. Based on the residual plots and model-fitting statistics, these models can be recommended for estimating site index (SI) of young (<40 years) jack pine plantations. To compare SI of plantations with that of natural stands, we used stem-analysis data from 383 plots of natural jack pine stands (aged 50–157 years) from the same geographic region to develop the GI models for natural stands. Also, polymorphic SI curves were developed for young (<40 years) plantations in northern Ontario. These SI curves were different from those for natural stands. Jack pine plantations had a higher site quality (SI) than did the original natural stands on the similar sites. The SI curves developed from natural stands should not be used to predict growth and yield of jack pine plantations before they are calibrated for jack pine plantations. These GI models will be used to estimate SI for silviculture and forest-management planning.

Observations sur deux rouilles-tumeurs du pin gris (Pinus banksiana)

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Andre Lavallee ◽  
Gerard Bard
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Natural Stands

Globose gall rust (Endocronartiumharknessii) was observed mostly on branches of jack pine in three young natural stands studied in Quebec; the increase in the level of infection after a three-year-period was 1.2, 2.0, and 29.8%) of the 500 trees sampled in each of the three stations. Mortality and growth reduction was observed mostly when jack pine had galls on the trunk. Cronartiumcoleosporioides var. slalactiforme produces a fusiform canker-like gall at the base of the stems; the proportion of stems newly affected was 0.8, 1.0, and 4.8%, after three years of observation according to the station; reduction of growth by this rust fungus was not evident after three years. Other observations made on damages by squirrels, winter and drought conditions, and the presence of other cankers indicated that these can hasten the degradation of jack pine trees affected by branch or stem.

Relative competitiveness of nine early-successional boreal forest species associated with planted jack pine and black spruce seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 790-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Wayne Bell ◽  
Michael T Ter-Mikaelian ◽  
Robert G Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Herbaceous Species

Differences in yield-density models derived from an additive experimental design were used to compare the relative competitiveness of nine early-successional boreal forest plants (aster, grass, fireweed, fern, raspberry, willow, alder, birch, and aspen) on jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP). A randomized complete block split-split-plot design with three replications blocked on soil type was used. Initial density gradients were 0-4 plants/m2 for woody and 0-8 plants/m2 for herbaceous species. An a priori analytical approach that compared a full model (using linear regression analysis of 4th-year stem diameter of conifers under increasing cover and height of competitors) to various reduced models was used to assess competition. Increasing cover and (or) height of all competitors (except fern) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased conifer stem diameter. The final regression model (based on visual estimates of cover and differences in initial conifer size) accounted for 89% of the variation in stem diameter. During the years studied, both conifers responded similarly to competition, and herbaceous species were on average 28.9% more competitive than woody species. Under different growing conditions (e.g., a natural forest) the relative competitiveness of herbaceous and woody species may vary from these results.

Performance of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) rooted cuttings from proliferated dwarf shoots versus seedlings 8 years after planting

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1404-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Wayne Bell ◽  
Paul Charrette ◽  
Megan Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Wind Throw ◽  
Improvement Programs

Growth and tree form characteristics of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) rooted cuttings propagated from proliferated dwarf shoots (PDS) were compared with seedlings in two field trials 8 years after establishment. Results indicated that jack pine rooted cuttings from PDS can grow as well as seedlings and maintain acceptable tree form. Rooted cuttings of progeny from the 22 top-ranking open-pollinated families in a seedling seed orchard of jack pine were 4.2% taller and 10% larger in diameter at breast height than commercial seedlings tested on the same sites, which indicates that rooted cuttings have potential in realizing genetic gains in jack pine tree improvement programs. Rooted cuttings increased the proportion of trees with normal branching characteristics and reduced the percentage of trees with excessive heavy branches in the Sault St. Marie trial, which had larger tree sizes. However, longer term monitoring (20 to 25 years) is needed to determine stability of jack pine rooted cuttings planted on sandy soil where wind throw may become a problem as tree size increases.

scholarly journals Rating Introgression between Lodgepole and Jack Pine at the Individual Tree Level Using Morphological Traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine P. Bleiker ◽  
Allan L. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Trees

Abstract Introgressive hybridization between species generates novel gene combinations and phenotypes. We required an accessible, objective method of rating introgression between lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia [Engelm.] Critchfield) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) for individual trees where their ranges overlap in Canada for use in another study on host species effects on resistance to an eruptive herbivore that has recently expanded its range. We adapted, simplified, and fully quantified a morphological index developed to rate introgression of pine populations and applied it to individual trees. In addition to principal component analysis (PCA), we also used discriminant function analysis (DFA), a potentially more powerful method given a priori knowledge of parent taxa, to generate introgression ratings. Among-tree variation in morphological traits and introgression was high at sites within the hybrid zone but very low at pure parent sites. PCA and DFA produced similar introgression ratings at the stand level, but ratings differed substantially for some individual trees. Certain morphological traits may be omitted from both PCA and DFA with little impact on stand-level ratings. The discriminant functions presented here are based on easy-to-measure, fully quantifiable morphological traits and can be used by other researchers to produce relative introgression ratings for lodgepole and jack pine. The approach may also be applied to other plant hybrid systems.

scholarly journals UAS-GEOBIA Approach to Sapling Identification in Jack Pine Barrens after Fire

Drones ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raechel White ◽  
Michael Bomber ◽  
Joseph Hupy ◽  
Ashton Shortridge
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Spectral Bands

Jack pine (pinus banksiana) forests are unique ecosystems controlled by wildfire. Understanding the traits of revegetation after wildfire is important for sustainable forest management, as these forests not only provide economic resources, but also are home to specialized species, like the Kirtland Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii). Individual tree detection of jack pine saplings after fire events can provide information about an environment’s recovery. Traditional satellite and manned aerial sensors lack the flexibility and spatial resolution required for identifying saplings in early post-fire analysis. Here we evaluated the use of unmanned aerial systems and geographic object-based image analysis for jack pine sapling identification in a region burned during the 2012 Duck Lake Fire in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Results of this study indicate that sapling identification accuracies can top 90%, and that accuracy improves with the inclusion of red and near infrared spectral bands. Results also indicated that late season imagery performed best when discriminating between young (<5 years) jack pines and herbaceous ground cover in these environments.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of Understocked Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands—IV. Natural and Planted Seedling/Sapling Stands

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Baker ◽  
Michael G. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Natural Seedling ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Time Required

Abstract A 3- to 6-yr-old naturally regenerated even-aged loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand and a 5-yr-old loblolly pine plantation on good sites (SILob = 85 to 90 ft at 50 yr) were cut to density levels of 50, 90, 180, 270, and 360 seedlings and/or saplings/ac. Two pine release treatments (none and individual tree release with a herbicide) were applied to the natural stand, but were not imposed in the plantation because site preparation treatments were applied before planting. At 2, 5, and 10 yr after installation, plots were inventoried to determine: (1) the lowest threshold of seedling/sapling density that was feasible to manage, (2) the time required for poorly stocked seedling/sapling stands to reach an acceptable stocking level, and (3) whether release treatments would improve survival and growth of understocked, natural seedling/sapling stands. Results indicated that loblolly pine plantations on good sites having at least 180 trees/ac (30% stocking) reached an acceptable stocking level of 60% by age 10 and produced up to 1,500 ft³/ac (19 cd/ac) of merchantable volume by age 15. By this age, trees in plantations with 270 and 360 trees/ac displayed good form, but at densities of 180, 90, and 50 trees/ac the trees still retained large branches nearly to the ground. Natural stands having at least 180 trees/ac that were released from overtopping by hardwood at age 5 reached 60% stocking by age 15 but produced only 627 ft³/ac (8 cd/ac) of merchantable volume. When pines in the natural stand were not released, only plots with 360 trees/ac reached an acceptable 60% stocking level by age 15 but only produced 539 ft³/ac (7 cd/ac) of merchantable volume. The observed differences in recovery rates in the understocked pine stands principally reflected the levels of competing hardwoods. Results suggest that understocked, natural stands or plantations of pine seedlings/saplings with fewer than 180 trees/ac (less than 30% stocking), at age 5, should probably be liquidated and a new stand established unless the landowner is willing to sacrifice significant reductions in early volume production. South. J. Appl. For. 22(1)53-59.

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