Lipids of cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brucella abortus

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bobo ◽  
R. G. Eagon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Bound Lipids

A survey of the content and composition of lipids from isolated cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brucella abortus was made. The following results are average values from several experiments. The readily extractable lipids made up 15.7% and the firmly bound lipids 8.7% of the dry weight of the cell walls of P. aeruginosa. The readily extractable lipids of B. abortus cell walls accounted for 11.4% and the firmly bound lipids 6.4% of the dry weight of the walls.The readily extractable lipids were further separated into phospholipids, free fatty acids, and neutral lipids. These lipids of P. aeruginosa cell walls contained 44.9% phospholipids and 52.9% free fatty acids and neutral lipids. In B. abortus cell walls the phospholipids accounted for only 22.1% of the free lipids whereas the free fatty acids and neutral lipids made up 76.1%.The phospholipids of P. aeruginosa and B. abortus were shown by thin-layer chromatography to be composed of four and seven components respectively. The bulk of the phospholipids was phosphatidyl ethanolamine and diphosphatidyl glycerol of the cardiolipin type. Lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine was also present in both organisms. The presence of phosphatidyl choline could not be demonstrated conclusively since choline could not be detected in the hydrolytic products of the phospholipids; however, infrared spectra of the total lipids and of the phospholipids of both P. aeruginosa and B. abortus showed absorption bands at 970 cm−1 which are characteristic of phosphatidyl choline.Gas–liquid chromatography of the free fatty acids of P. aeruginosa showed the major portion of these acids to be C16 and C18 saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The bulk of the free fatty acids of B. abortus consisted of C18 saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated (C18:2) together with lesser amounts of C16 saturated and monounsaturated acids. Two components were tentatively identified as C19 cyclopropane and C19:0 fatty acids respectively. Small amounts of both C12 and C14 saturated fatty acids were found in both organisms. No hydroxy fatty acids could be identified in either P. aeruginosa or B. abortus.Calcium and magnesium, determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, were associated with all the phospholipid components in both organisms. However, the largest quantities of calcium and magnesium were found in the phospholipid components, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and diphosphatidyl glycerol. Trace amounts of zinc were present in all phospholipid components of the cell walls of both microorganisms. Manganese was not detected.

Skin reaction to lipids from avirulent strain Shibaura of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Arimitsu ◽  
Atsuko Moribayashi ◽  
Norihisa Goto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Skin Reactions

Sonically disrupted cells from avirulent strain Shibaura of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni induced a skin reaction characterized by infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) associated with some edema in guinea pigs. To determine the substance inducing infiltration of PMN, lipids of avirulent strain Shibaura were extracted with chloroform – methanol – water after washing with acetone. The lipids comprised 28% of the dry weight of the cell. When the lipids were further separated into water–methanol and chloroform fractions, the most severe PMN infiltration of all samples was seen in the skin inoculated with extract recovered from the chloroform fraction. Neutral and polar lipids were detected after thin-layer chromatography of the chloroform extract. Neutral lipids were detected as free fatty acids (FFA). Fatty acids contained in polar lipids were mainly palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid, whereas FFA comprised 66.5% oleic acid. Skin reactions consisting of marked edema with mild infiltration of PMN were elicited by FFA. There was no obvious difference between a commercially available FFA mixture and the FFA from avirulent strain Shibaura. These observations suggest that FFA may play some role in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis.Key words: Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni avirulent strain Shibaura, polar lipids, free fatty acids, skin reaction.

Characterization of the total extractable lipids of Zymomonas mobilis var. mobilis

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Tornabene ◽  
G. Holzer ◽  
A. S. Bittner ◽  
K. Grohmann
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Zymomonas Mobilis ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpene ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Bound Lipids

The cells of Zymomonas mobilis var. mobilis contained 6.3% of the chloroform–methanol–water extractable lipids (dry weight basis) and 1.5% of bound lipids. The extractable lipids were 96.8% polar lipids and 3.2% neutral lipids. The neutral lipids contained squalene, and 21 pentacyclic triterpene hydrocarbons comprised 1.4% of the total lipids. The remaining neutral lipids consisted of relatively small quantities of components tentatively identified as free fatty acids, tri-, di-, and mono-glycerides, lipoamino compounds, and pigments. The polar lipids consisted of methanol-soluble and -insoluble fractions. The methanol-soluble fraction consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine as the principal lipid and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatide acid as the minor lipids. The methanol-insoluble fraction consisted of glycolipoproteins comprising glucosamine, galactosamine, myristic acid, and amino acids. This glycolipoprotein fraction differed from the material isolated by standard procedures for extracting lipopolysaccharides. The lipopolysaccharide fraction, in turn, was distinctly different from the lipopolysaccharides of other Gram-negative species, since deoxyhexoses, pentoses, hexoses, aminopentose, uronic acid, phosphate, and myristic acid were the principal constitutents. There was no evidence for ketodeoxyoctulonic acid, heptoses, or hydroxy fatty acids. Hexosamines were detected in trace amounts only by colorimetric analysis.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalgae Laminaria hyperborea with Special Reference to Acyl Glycerides, Polar Lipids, and Free Fatty Acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Foseid ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Yngve Stenstrøm ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Lipid Fractions

A thorough analysis of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from the kelp species Laminaria hyperborea is presented. Lipid extracts were fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and polar lipids, prior to derivatization and GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe (7.42 mg/g dry weight and 2.57 mg/g dry weight, resp.). The highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions with 590.6 ug/g dry weight and 100.9 ug/g dry weight for blade and stipe, respectively. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. The blade had the highest PUFA/SFA ratio compared to stipe (1.02 versus 0.76) and the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio (0.8 versus 3.5). This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries, this can be of importance for production of different health products.

Chemical Alterations in Fish Tissue During Storage at Low Temperatures

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garnett Wood ◽  
Lane Hintz ◽  
Harold Salwin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Polyunsaturated Acids

Abstract Chemical changes that occur in the proteins, nucleotides, and lipids of fish tissue during storage at low temperatures were investigated. Homogenized tissue, prepared from fresh rock-fish (striped hass, Roccus species), was stored up to six days at temperatures from -10° to 4°C and then analyzed. At 0°C and below, the solubility of myofibrillar proteins decreased. There were also changes in polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of protein extracts. The total nucleotide content decreased rapidly at all temperatures. The lipids were extracted from each sample and separated into neutral lipids, phospholipids, and free fatty acids by column chromatography. The fatty acid composition of each fraction was determined by gas chromatography. In the fresh tissue, polyunsaturated acids occurred in greatest proportion in the free fatty acid and phospholipid fractions, whereas inono-unsaturated acids were inofe highly concentrated in the neutral lipids. The percentages of saturated acids were approximately the same in all fractions. During storage, there were considerably larger losses of individual acids from phospholipids than from neutral lipids. The polyunsaturated acids of the phospholipid fraction were affected most. Over 10% of these aeids were lost in six days at ice temperature, but only a small proportion of the losses was accounted for by increases in free fatty acids. Oxidative proo esses may account for the imbalance because the rate of oxidation, as measured by the thio-barbituric acid test, increased with storage temperature in the same manner as the rale at which unsaturated fatty acids were lost from the pliospliolipuls. Losses of polyunsaturated acids from the neutral lipids were much smaller, suggesting a selectively protective mechanism or environment in that fraction. The changes in the phospholipid fatty acids may provide the basis for useful objective tests of fish lecomposilion.

scholarly journals Fruit Stalk Extract from Chili Peppers (Capsicum annum L.) as a Natural Antioxidant to Inhibit Oxidation in Crude Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Rahmiwati Hilma ◽  
Eka Tri Setya Wulandari ◽  
Zaldi Arman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Capsicum Annum

Fruit stalk of chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.) so far is still an untapped waste. The content of active compounds in fruit and fruit stalk of chili pepper (C. annum L.) is known to have good antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extract of fruit stalk of chili pepper in inhibiting the oxidation of crude palm oil (CPO). In this study, the extraction of fruit stalk of chili pepper (C. annum L.) was carried out with n-hexane (from now on referred to as CHE) solvent and with ethanol solvent (from now on referred to as CEE). CHE and CEE were analyzed for total phenolic and flavonoid analyzes. Next, an evaluation of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH method. The effectiveness test of adding the two extracts to the quality of CPO was carried out for ten days using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) analysis. The parameters observed were peroxide numbers, free fatty acids, and iodine numbers. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and followed by a Least Significance Different (LSD) test. The results show that the total phenolic value is 0.257 mg QE/g dry weight in CEE and 0.003 mg QE/g dry weight in CHE. Total flavonoid values are 0.155 mg QE/g dry weight in CEE and 0.003 mg QE/g in CHE. IC50 values for DPPH test extract are 223.72 μg/mL in CEE and 953.77 μg/mL in CHE. The test results of the effectiveness of the two extracts against CPO show thin CEE, and CHE significantly (P <0.05) influences to CPO free fatty acids, peroxide number, and iodine number. Both extracts can protect CPO from oxidation. CEE is more effective in maintaining CPO quality for ten days with free fatty acid values (2.1%), peroxide value values 0.48 meq/kg, and iodine number 54.8. Furthermore, this result meets the CPO quality standard, according to SNI-01-2901-2006.

Effect of triglycerides on the production of lipids and lipase by Mucor hiemalis

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Waheed Akhtar ◽  
A. Qayyum Mirza ◽  
M. Nadeem Nawazish ◽  
M. I. D. Chughtai
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Mucor Hiemalis ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Ethanolamine Phosphatidyl

The effect of triglycerides on the growth of Mucor hiemalis and the production of lipase and mycelial lipids was studied. Addition of 1% triglycerides to the fermentation medium was best for the mycelial as well as the broth lipase production. The added triglycerides seemed to be utilized through the formation of free fatty acids, and towards the end of the growth phase most of the triglycerides and their hydrolysis products were utilized. The mycelial lipase activity was maximum (66 U/g dry mycelium) at the end of the growth phase, while the maximal broth lipase activity (204 U/100 mL) was achieved after the cell lysis had started. The lipids produced per gram mycelia were high initially (260 mg/g dry weight at 48 h), reducing gradually later. With increase in growth the maximum mycelial lipids per 100 mL of culture medium was obtained after 96 h (176 mg/100 mL). The various fractions detected in the mycelial lipid extracts were sterol esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, diglycerides, sterols, monoglycerides, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, and small amounts of an unknown polar lipid at all the stages of fermentation studied. Proportion between total neutral and total polar lipids remained nearly constant throughout fermentation.

scholarly journals Identification and Quantification of Fatty Acids in T. viridissima, C. biguttulus, and C. brunneus by GC-MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Wathne ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Chorthippus Biguttulus

Fatty acid (FA) profiles of the species Tettigonia viridissima, Chorthippus biguttulus, and Chorthippus brunneus were determined and quantitated. Extracted lipids were derivatized into FA methyl esters (FAMEs) prior to analysis by GC-MS. A total of 37 different FAs were identified in T. viridissima, yielding a total FA content of 10.4 g/100 g of dry matter. The contents of saturated FAs, monounsaturated FAs, and polyunsaturated FAs were 31.1, 35.9, and 33.0%, respectively. Lipids from T. viridissima were also fractioned into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and polar lipids by offline solid phase extraction. For C. brunneus and C. biguttulus, 33 FAs were identified, yielding a total FA content of 6.14 g/100 g of dry matter. SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, respectively, constituted 32.7, 25.1, and 42.1% of the total FA content. The contents of MUFAs, PUFAs, n-3 FAs, and n-6 FAs of each species, and the n-6/n-3 ratio, were subsequently discussed.

scholarly journals SOME ALKALOID-CONTAINING PLANTS GROWING IN GEORGIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bela Kikalishvili ◽  
Tsitsana Sulakvelidze ◽  
Nina Vachnadze ◽  
Manana Malania ◽  
Durmishkhan Turabelidze
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Vinca Minor

Crude neutral lipids were obtained from aerial parts of alkaloid-containing plants Chelidoniummayus L, VincaherbaceaWaldts. et.kit, Vinca minor L. Physalisalkekengi L var. franchetii, growing in Georgia and their qualitative composition was established. As well free fatty acids were identified quantitatively and qualitatively using HPLC.

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