Preparation and properties of diphtheria toxoids in submerged culture. III. Development of a new semisynthetic medium

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Stainer ◽  
J. M. C. Corkill ◽  
M. J. Scholte
Keyword(s):  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Tryptic Digest ◽  
Deep Culture ◽  
Culture Production ◽  
Phosphate Solutions

A new medium has been developed which does not contain any meat digest products and is suitable for the deep-culture production of high-potency diphtheria toxins. The main ingredient is a commercially available, tryptic digest of casein known as N.Z. Amine type A. It has been found that when the iron, calcium, and phosphate levels in the medium are carefully controlled by suitable additions of ferrous sulphate, calcium chloride, and inorganic phosphate solutions, high levels of diphtheria toxin are regularly produced (200 Lf/ml in a 48-hour growth period).

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF DIPHTHERIA TOXOIDS IN SUBMERGED CULTURE: I. PRESENCE OF BOVINE ANTIGENS

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 963-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Stainer
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
Aluminium Phosphate ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Deep Culture ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant

Papain digest of beef broth (P.D.B. broth) was used to grow Corynebacterium diphtheriae in submerged culture, and high potency diphtheria toxins were produced. It was found that the resultant toxoids could sensitize animals to beef proteins. Guinea pigs immunized with deep culture toxoid in complete Freund's adjuvant exhibited anaphylaxis when challenged with beef serum. When aluminium phosphate and Bordetella pertussis were used as adjuvant or when the toxoid was given alone (i.e. without adjuvant) the responses to beef serum were reduced but the sensitivity to beef was still observed. Deep culture toxoids from three other manufacturers were tested and showed similar properties. When concentrated P.D.B. broth was used as a challenge dose, anaphylactic reactions were also noted, indicating that P.D.B. broth, as usually prepared, contained bovine antigens.

Preparation and properties of diphtheria toxoids in submerged culture. II. Purification, detoxification, antigenicity, and stability

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Stainer
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Potency ◽  
High Degree

Cornyebacterium diphtheriae was grown in submerged culture using a new semisynthetic medium, and high-potency diphtheria toxins were produced. These toxins were purified before detoxification by formalin–lysine mixtures. The resultant toxoids possessed a high degree of purity (Lf/mg non-dialyzable nitrogen), gave good antigenic responses in animals, and showed no tendency to revert to toxin. Toxins which had been detoxified with formalin alone before purification, however, showed marked reversion when diluted and stored at 25 or 34 °C. When tested in guinea pigs the lysine-treated toxoids were shown to possess good immunizing capacity, and no significant decreases in the antigenic potencies were observed in samples stored for prolonged periods of time at elevated temperatures.

Coated Abrasive Machining of Titanium Alloys with Inorganic Phosphate Solutions

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Hong ◽  
E. J. Duwell ◽  
W. J. McDonald ◽  
C. E. Mereness
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Abrasive Machining ◽  
Phosphate Solutions

Development of Injectable Thermogelling Chitosan–Inorganic Phosphate Solutions for Biomedical Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3779-3785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi S. Nair ◽  
Trevor Starnes ◽  
Jia-Wei Kevin Ko ◽  
Cato T. Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Phosphate Solutions

scholarly journals Submerged Culture Production of Diphtheria Toxin

Nature ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 174 (4429) ◽  
pp. 557-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. LINGGOOD ◽  
A. C. MATTHEWS ◽  
S. PINFIELD ◽  
C. G. POPE ◽  
T. R. SHARLAND
Keyword(s):  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Culture Production

Studies on ferroverdin, a green iron-containing pigment produced by a Streptomyces Wak. species

1963 ◽  
Vol 158 (970) ◽  
pp. 43-70 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Green Pigment ◽  
Culture Production ◽  
Shake Flasks ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Ferrous Complex

The submerged culture production of ferroverdin, an iron-containing green pigment of a novel type, by a new species of Streptomyces Wak. is reported. The morphological properties of this micro-organism are described, and the optimum culture conditions for pigmentation in shake flasks and in stirred fermenters are determined. The Preparation and identification of reductive and alkali degradation products of ferroverdin are reported; on the basis of their structures it is suggested that ferroverdin is the ferrous complex of the p -vinylphenylester of 3-nitroso-4-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Liquid culture production of microsclerotia of Purpureocillium lilacinum for use as bionematicide

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangyong Song ◽  
Ling Shen ◽  
Qiang Zhong ◽  
Youping Yin ◽  
Zhongkang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Culture Production ◽  
Microsclerotia Production

The production of microsclerotia by Purpureocillium lilacinum in liquid culture for use as a biocontrol agent for management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, has not been described. To investigate the potential for microsclerotia production, P. lilacinum strain CQPL01 was cultured in liquid media containing various concentrations of ferrous sulphate. Under these conditions mycelia began to form microsclerotia. The maximum yield (11.8 × 104 microsclerotia ml−1) was obtained in medium containing 0.2 g l−1 ferrous sulphate and the greatest production of conidia (1.3 × 108 conidia g−1) was obtained by the culture of air-dried microsclerotia in aqueous agar medium. Subsequently, the viability of microsclerotia, including stress resistance, storage stability and pathogenicity against M. incognita, was investigated. The microsclerotia exhibited excellent nematophagous ability and greater thermotolerance and UV-B radiation tolerance compared to conidia. These results suggested that microsclerotia propagules might be superior to the use of conidia in P. lilacinum biocontrol products.

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