Development of Injectable Thermogelling Chitosan–Inorganic Phosphate Solutions for Biomedical Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3779-3785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi S. Nair ◽  
Trevor Starnes ◽  
Jia-Wei Kevin Ko ◽  
Cato T. Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Phosphate Solutions

Coated Abrasive Machining of Titanium Alloys with Inorganic Phosphate Solutions

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Hong ◽  
E. J. Duwell ◽  
W. J. McDonald ◽  
C. E. Mereness
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Abrasive Machining ◽  
Phosphate Solutions

Preparation and properties of diphtheria toxoids in submerged culture. III. Development of a new semisynthetic medium

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Stainer ◽  
J. M. C. Corkill ◽  
M. J. Scholte
Keyword(s):  
Submerged Culture ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Tryptic Digest ◽  
Deep Culture ◽  
Culture Production ◽  
Phosphate Solutions

A new medium has been developed which does not contain any meat digest products and is suitable for the deep-culture production of high-potency diphtheria toxins. The main ingredient is a commercially available, tryptic digest of casein known as N.Z. Amine type A. It has been found that when the iron, calcium, and phosphate levels in the medium are carefully controlled by suitable additions of ferrous sulphate, calcium chloride, and inorganic phosphate solutions, high levels of diphtheria toxin are regularly produced (200 Lf/ml in a 48-hour growth period).

Gel–sol–gel thermo-gelation behavior study of chitosan–inorganic phosphate solutions

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
XingYi Li ◽  
XiangYe Kong ◽  
XiuHong Wang ◽  
Shuai Shi ◽  
Gang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Behavior Study ◽  
Gelation Behavior ◽  
Phosphate Solutions

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES OF MITOCHONDRIAL MALATE DEHYDROGENASE IN UREA–PHOSPHATE SOLUTIONS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Seguin ◽  
G. W. Kosicki
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Sulfhydryl Groups ◽  
First Order ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Phosphate Solutions

Pig-heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase is gradually inactivated in 4 M urea. During the inactivation, sulfhydryl groups on the protein are exposed in a first-order reaction. The reaction is followed spectrophotometricaily using the sulfhydryl reagent, 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) (DTNB). Titration with DTNB in the presence of urea exposes 10 to 12 sulfhydryl groups per molecule of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. The enzyme is also inactivated when diluted in water but no sulfhydryl groups are unmasked. The loss of activity and the appearance of sulfhydryl groups in urea solutions do not take place at the same rate.The conformational changes of malate dehydrogenase that occur in urea solutions are partially prevented by inorganic phosphate ions, and less so by the substrates NADH, NAD+, oxalacetate (OAA), and L-malate. The protection against loss of enzyme activity by inorganic phosphate ions is pH-dependent. Both inorganic phosphate and NADH considerably reduce the first-order rate constant for sulfhydryl appearance in 4 M urea. Protection of the enzyme against sulfhydryl appearance in urea solutions by pre-incubation with the substrates indicates that about two sulfhydryl groups per molecule of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase are involved in substrate binding. Thus, the substrates must keep the active site of the enzyme intact. They either bind to the sulfhydryl groups or prevent the protein molecule from completely unfolding.

Plasmalemma localisation of inorganic phosphate in B cells pancreas

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
F. B. P. Wooding ◽  
K. Pedley ◽  
N. Freinkel ◽  
R. M. C. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Lead Phosphate

Freinkel et al (1974) demonstrated that isolated perifused rat pancreatic islets reproduceably release up to 50% of their total inorganic phosphate when the concentration of glucose in the perifusion medium is raised.Using a slight modification of the Libanati and Tandler (1969) method for localising inorganic phosphate by fixation-precipitation with glutaraldehyde-lead acetate we can demonstrate there is a significant deposition of lead phosphate (identified by energy dispersive electron microscope microanalysis) at or on the plasmalemma of the B cell of the islets (Fig 1, 3). Islets after incubation in high glucose show very little precipitate at this or any other site (Fig 2). At higher magnification the precipitate seems to be intracellular (Fig 4) but since any use of osmium or uranyl acetate to increase membrane contrast removes the precipitate of lead phosphate it has not been possible to verify this as yet.

Applications of Scanning Microscopy in Biomedical Research

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
T. L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Content Information ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Biomedical applications of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have increased in number quite rapidly over the last several years. Studies have been made of cells, whole mount tissue, sectioned tissue, particles, human chromosomes, microorganisms, dental enamel and skeletal material. Many of the advantages of using this instrument for such investigations come from its ability to produce images that are high in information content. Information about the chemical make-up of the specimen, its electrical properties and its three dimensional architecture all may be represented in such images. Since the biological system is distinctive in its chemistry and often spatially scaled to the resolving power of the SEM, these images are particularly useful in biomedical research.In any form of microscopy there are two parameters that together determine the usefulness of the image. One parameter is the size of the volume being studied or resolving power of the instrument and the other is the amount of information about this volume that is displayed in the image. Both parameters are important in describing the performance of a microscope. The light microscope image, for example, is rich in information content (chemical, spatial, living specimen, etc.) but is very limited in resolving power.

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1603
Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

Biomedical applications: Pitfalls in the practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. D. Shelburne ◽  
Peter Ingram ◽  
Victor L. Roggli ◽  
Ann LeFurgey
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Asbestos Fibers

At present most medical microprobe analysis is conducted on insoluble particulates such as asbestos fibers in lung tissue. Cryotechniques are not necessary for this type of specimen. Insoluble particulates can be processed conventionally. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that conventional processing is unacceptable for specimens in which electrolyte distributions in tissues are sought. It is necessary to flash-freeze in order to preserve the integrity of electrolyte distributions at the subcellular and cellular level. Ideally, biopsies should be flash-frozen in the operating room rather than being frozen several minutes later in a histology laboratory. Electrolytes will move during such a long delay. While flammable cryogens such as propane obviously cannot be used in an operating room, liquid nitrogen-cooled slam-freezing devices or guns may be permitted, and are the best way to achieve an artifact-free, accurate tissue sample which truly reflects the in vivo state. Unfortunately, the importance of cryofixation is often not understood. Investigators bring tissue samples fixed in glutaraldehyde to a microprobe laboratory with a request for microprobe analysis for electrolytes.

Biological and biomedical applications of collagenous biomaterials

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 856-857
Author(s):  
Yasushi P. Kato ◽  
Michael G. Dunn ◽  
Frederick H. Silver ◽  
Arthur J. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Cover Slip ◽  
Fibroblast Migration ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Defect Repair

Collagenous biomaterials have been used for growing cells in vitro as well as for augmentation and replacement of hard and soft tissues. The substratum used for culturing cells is implicated in the modulation of phenotypic cellular expression, cellular orientation and adhesion. Collagen may have a strong influence on these cellular parameters when used as a substrate in vitro. Clinically, collagen has many applications to wound healing including, skin and bone substitution, tendon, ligament, and nerve replacement. In this report we demonstrate two uses of collagen. First as a fiber to support fibroblast growth in vitro, and second as a demineralized bone/collagen sponge for radial bone defect repair in vivo.For the in vitro study, collagen fibers were prepared as described previously. Primary rat tendon fibroblasts (1° RTF) were isolated and cultured for 5 days on 1 X 15 mm sterile cover slips. Six to seven collagen fibers, were glued parallel to each other onto a circular cover slip (D=18mm) and the 1 X 15mm cover slip populated with 1° RTF was placed at the center perpendicular to the collagen fibers. Fibroblast migration from the 1 x 15mm cover slip onto and along the collagen fibers was measured daily using a phase contrast microscope (Olympus CK-2) with a calibrated eyepiece. Migratory rates for fibroblasts were determined from 36 fibers over 4 days.

Multifunctional metal–organic framework heterostructures for enhanced cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintong Liu ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jianping Lei
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Functional Modulation ◽  
Organic Framework

We review the general principle of the design and functional modulation of nanoscaled MOF heterostructures, and biomedical applications in enhanced therapy.

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