The Effect of Certain Antibiotics on the Production of Trimethylamine and Hydrogen Sulphide by Bacterial Enzymes

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell ◽  
Maxine F. Greenough
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Bacterial Enzymes ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide

By the use of the washed cell technique it has been shown that the antibiotics chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, polycycline and nisin in concentrations from 1 to 50 p.p.m. do not retard the bacterial reduction of trimethylamine oxide to trimethylamine. It has also been shown that chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline do not inhibit the reduction of cysteine to hydrogen sulphide by bacterial enzymes.

scholarly journals Sources of Conductance Changes during Bacterial Reduction of Trimethylamine Oxide to Trimethylammonium in Phosphate Buffer

Microbiology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 1357-1361
Author(s):  
J. D. OWENS ◽  
D. R. MISKIN ◽  
M. C. WACHER-VIVEROS ◽  
L. C. A. BENGE
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Conductance Changes

The Influence of Trimethylamine Oxide on the Bacterial Reduction of Redox Indicators

1950 ◽  
Vol 7d (10) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Redox Indicators ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Oxidation Reduction

In the presence of bacteria capable of reducing it, trimethylamine oxide exerts a poising action on the oxidation-reduction potentials of media. This poising is at an Eh level considerably electropositive to the Eó of the redox indicators commonly used in the "reduction tests" used for determining the bacterial quality of foods.

Bacterial Reduction of Sodium Nitrite and Formation of Trimethylamine in Fish

1949 ◽  
Vol 7c (8) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Surface Ph ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide

Bacteria reduce sodium nitrite in stored cod fillets. Rapid reduction of trimethylamine oxide is inhibited by the nitrite in the concentrations used, up to 700 p.p.m., trimethylamine formation occurring only after the nitrite is reduced to about 50 p.p.m. This results in an increased keeping time in fillets treated with nitrite. The surface pH remains acid until the rapid trimethylamine formation takes place.Nitrate alone, more slowly in the presence of nitrite, is rapidly reduced to nitrite and beyond. The trimethylamine oxide reduction is not affected by the nitrate reduction, the former being usually reduced before the nitrate.

Studies of Fish Spoilage: IV. The Bacterial Reduction of Trimethylamine Oxide

1939 ◽  
Vol 4b (4) ◽  
pp. 252-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Total Bacterial Population ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Anaerobic Environment

In fish muscle press juice simulating the surface and the interior of muscle, there is an aerobic environment in the surface layer and an anaerobic environment in the body of the liquid. The Eh potential of the former is about 0.3 volts and of the latter from −0.5 to −0.10 volt.It is found that the bacterial population proliferating at 2 °C. is chiefly Achromobacter, which can be divided into two groups, obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobes. Only the latter group, which is capable of growth in the interior or surface, is responsible for the reduction of trimethylamine oxide with the evolution of trimethylamine. Since the initial total count is made up of a large number of obligate aerobes or non-oxide reducers it is obvious that the total bacterial population cannot be related to trimethylamine production. The appearance of this base therefore may be taken to indicate a bacterial population which is in excess of that responsible for its production.Molecular oxygen at surface exercises a trimethylamine oxide sparing effect. In practice, however, this effect is not significant from the point of view of the freshness test in the sense of Beatty and Gibbons.

Factors Affecting Triamineoxidease: I. Inhibition of the Enzyme

1945 ◽  
Vol 6d (5) ◽  
pp. 368-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Neilands
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Partial Inhibition ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Carrier

Ammonium hydroxide and glycogen have little effect on the formation of trimethylamine from trimethylamine oxide by washed cells of bacteria isolated from fish. Indole, skatole and hydrogen sulphide partially inhibit the enzyme. Partial inhibition can also be effected with cyanide and azide. The necessity in this system of a hydrogen carrier other than the dehydrogenase activating the oxidizable substrate is suggested.

Nitrite-Reducing Bacteria on Cod Fillets

1949 ◽  
Vol 7c (9) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Nitrite-reducing bacteria are present on fresh cod fillets; the proportion increases during storage and they shortly become the predominating flora.Nitrite-reducing bacteria decrease the retarding action that small amounts of nitrite have on the bacterial reduction of trimethylamine oxide.

The Bacterial Reduction of Trimethylamine Oxide to Trimethylamine

1939 ◽  
Vol 4b (5) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. A. Tarr
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Free State ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Sea Fish

Only three of thirty microorganisms isolated from seven samples of fresh or lightly smoked sea fish muscle in various stages of decomposition reduced trimethylamine oxide to trimethylamine. This reduction is due to an enzyme, which activates trimethylamine oxide rendering it susceptible to reduction by many of the dehydrogenases of the bacterial cell. This enzyme, as it occurs in the intact cell, is apparently completely inhibited by toluene-treatment but not by cyanide. It. has not yet been obtained in cell-free state, and its substrate specificity has not been determined. Putrid fish muscle, with negligible amounts of trimethylamine, has been obtained by inoculating aseptically excised fish muscle with non-trimethylamine forming bacteria.

Effects of hydrogen sulphide on heme oxigenase activity in TNBS induced colitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kupai ◽  
Z Szalai ◽  
M Korsós ◽  
Z Baráth ◽  
S Török ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide
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