Bacterial Reduction of Sodium Nitrite and Formation of Trimethylamine in Fish

1949 ◽  
Vol 7c (8) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Surface Ph ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide

Bacteria reduce sodium nitrite in stored cod fillets. Rapid reduction of trimethylamine oxide is inhibited by the nitrite in the concentrations used, up to 700 p.p.m., trimethylamine formation occurring only after the nitrite is reduced to about 50 p.p.m. This results in an increased keeping time in fillets treated with nitrite. The surface pH remains acid until the rapid trimethylamine formation takes place.Nitrate alone, more slowly in the presence of nitrite, is rapidly reduced to nitrite and beyond. The trimethylamine oxide reduction is not affected by the nitrate reduction, the former being usually reduced before the nitrate.

scholarly journals Biogenic Fe(II-III) Hydroxycarbonate Green Rust Enhances Nitrate Removal and Decreases Ammonium Selectivity during Heterotrophic Denitrification

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Georges Ona-Nguema ◽  
Delphine Guerbois ◽  
Céline Pallud ◽  
Jessica Brest ◽  
Mustapha Abdelmoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Green Rust ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Nitrite Production ◽  
Ammonium Production ◽  
Biogenic Iron

Nitrification-denitrification is the most widely used nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment. However, this process can lead to undesirable nitrite accumulation and subsequent ammonium production. Biogenic Fe(II-III) hydroxycarbonate green rust has recently emerged as a candidate to reduce nitrite without ammonium production under abiotic conditions. The present study investigated whether biogenic iron(II-III) hydroxycarbonate green rust could also reduce nitrite to gaseous nitrogen during bacterial nitrate reduction. Our results showed that biogenic iron(II-III) hydroxycarbonate green rust could efficiently decrease the selectivity of the reaction towards ammonium during heterotrophic nitrate reduction by native wastewater-denitrifying bacteria and by three different species of Shewanella: S. putrefaciens ATCC 12099, S. putrefaciens ATCC 8071 and S. oneidensis MR-1. Indeed, in the absence of biogenic hydroxycarbonate green rust, bacterial reduction of nitrate converted 11–42% of the initial nitrate into ammonium, but this value dropped to 1–28% in the presence of biogenic hydroxycarbonate green rust. Additionally, nitrite accumulation did not exceed the 2–13% in the presence of biogenic hydroxycarbonate green rust, versus 0–28% in its absence. Based on those results that enhance the extent of denitrification of about 60%, the study proposes a water treatment process that couples the bacterial nitrite production with the abiotic nitrite reduction by biogenic green rust.

scholarly journals Sources of Conductance Changes during Bacterial Reduction of Trimethylamine Oxide to Trimethylammonium in Phosphate Buffer

Microbiology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 1357-1361
Author(s):  
J. D. OWENS ◽  
D. R. MISKIN ◽  
M. C. WACHER-VIVEROS ◽  
L. C. A. BENGE
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Conductance Changes

scholarly journals Physical Covering for Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in Static and Windrow Composting Processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2063-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra R. Patel ◽  
Irene Yossa ◽  
Dumitru Macarisin ◽  
Patricia Millner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Windrow Composting ◽  
Composting Systems ◽  
Feedstock Material

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effect of a 30-cm covering of finished compost (FC) on survival ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 andSalmonellaspp. in active static and windrow composting systems. Feedstocks inoculated withE. coliO157:H7 (7.41 log CFU/g) andSalmonella(6.46 log CFU/g) were placed in biosentry tubes (7.5-cm diameter, 30-cm height) at three locations: (i and ii) two opposing sides at the interface between the FC cover layer (where present) and the feedstock material (each positioned approximately 10 cm below the pile's surface) and (iii) an internal location (top) (approximately 30 cm below the surface). On specific sampling days, surviving populations of inoculatedE. coliO157:H7 andSalmonella, genericE. coli, and coliforms in compost samples were determined.Salmonellaspp. were reduced significantly within 24 h in windrow piles and were below the detection limit after 3 and 7 days at internal locations of windrow and static piles containing FC covering, respectively. Likewise,E. coliO157:H7 was undetectable after 1 day in windrow piles covered with finished compost. Use of FC as a covering layer significantly increased the number of days that temperatures in the windrows remained ≥55°C at all locations and in static piles at internal locations. These time-temperature exposures resulted in rapid reduction of inoculated pathogens, and the rate of bacterial reduction was rapid in windrow piles. The sample location significantly influenced the survival of these pathogens at internal locations compared to that at interface locations of piles. Finished compost covering of compost piles aids in the reduction of pathogens during the composting process.

The Influence of Trimethylamine Oxide on the Bacterial Reduction of Redox Indicators

1950 ◽  
Vol 7d (10) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Redox Indicators ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Oxidation Reduction

In the presence of bacteria capable of reducing it, trimethylamine oxide exerts a poising action on the oxidation-reduction potentials of media. This poising is at an Eh level considerably electropositive to the Eó of the redox indicators commonly used in the "reduction tests" used for determining the bacterial quality of foods.

Studies of Fish Spoilage: IV. The Bacterial Reduction of Trimethylamine Oxide

1939 ◽  
Vol 4b (4) ◽  
pp. 252-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Total Bacterial Population ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Anaerobic Environment

In fish muscle press juice simulating the surface and the interior of muscle, there is an aerobic environment in the surface layer and an anaerobic environment in the body of the liquid. The Eh potential of the former is about 0.3 volts and of the latter from −0.5 to −0.10 volt.It is found that the bacterial population proliferating at 2 °C. is chiefly Achromobacter, which can be divided into two groups, obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobes. Only the latter group, which is capable of growth in the interior or surface, is responsible for the reduction of trimethylamine oxide with the evolution of trimethylamine. Since the initial total count is made up of a large number of obligate aerobes or non-oxide reducers it is obvious that the total bacterial population cannot be related to trimethylamine production. The appearance of this base therefore may be taken to indicate a bacterial population which is in excess of that responsible for its production.Molecular oxygen at surface exercises a trimethylamine oxide sparing effect. In practice, however, this effect is not significant from the point of view of the freshness test in the sense of Beatty and Gibbons.

Further Studies on the Bacteriological Reduction of Nitrite in Fish During Spoilage

1949 ◽  
Vol 7c (9) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Dyer ◽  
C. H. Castell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Neutral Solution ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Nitrite Concentration ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide

The reduction of added nitrite in stored cod fillets is due to bacterial agencies. There are two mechanisms of nitrite reduction, the first inhibiting bacterial growth in acid media, and the second inhibiting trimethylamine oxide reduction in neutral solution. The effect of several levels of nitrite concentration on spoilage in fillets stored at 3 °C. as measured organoleptically and by spoilage tests was determined.

Trimethylamine oxide reduction by Salmonella

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1745-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Eun Kim ◽  
George W. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Fish Spoilage ◽  
Common Components

Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) allows the anaerobic growth of Salmonella on glycerol and is thereby reduced to trimethylamine, a volatile indicator of fish spoilage. A mutant strain, TA1530, is unable to reduce either TMAO or nitrate; this suggests that the TMAO and nitrate reductase systems have common components.

scholarly journals Is site preference of N2O a tool to identify benthic denitrifier N2O?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Mothet ◽  
Mathieu Sebilo ◽  
Anniet M. Laverman ◽  
Véronique Vaury ◽  
André Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Reduction Step ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Reduction ◽  
Highly Correlated

Environmental context The greenhouse gas nitrous oxide is produced by bacteria and emitted from terrestrial and aquatic environments; the origin of this compound can be determined by its 15N intramolecular distribution (site preference). The site preference of nitrous oxide was characterised experimentally in bacterial denitrifying communities under controlled conditions. This study shows the importance of the last step of denitrification on the site preference values, and that complementary methods are necessary to identify the sources of nitrous oxide. Abstract Site preference values of nitrous oxide emitted during different steps of benthic denitrification were determined. Compared to that of nitrous oxide as end product, the site preference during complete denitrification presents a large variation, due to the final step, and is highly correlated with nitrate reduction rate. The nitrous oxide reduction step appears decisive on the site preference values.

The Effect of Certain Antibiotics on the Production of Trimethylamine and Hydrogen Sulphide by Bacterial Enzymes

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell ◽  
Maxine F. Greenough
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Bacterial Enzymes ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide

By the use of the washed cell technique it has been shown that the antibiotics chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, polycycline and nisin in concentrations from 1 to 50 p.p.m. do not retard the bacterial reduction of trimethylamine oxide to trimethylamine. It has also been shown that chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline do not inhibit the reduction of cysteine to hydrogen sulphide by bacterial enzymes.

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