The Exchanges of Fresh and Salt Waters in the Bay of Fundy and in Passamaquoddy Bay

1953 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bostwick H. Ketchum ◽  
D. Jean Keen
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Tidal Excursion ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Salt Waters ◽  
Average Distribution ◽  
Existing Data

The results of 385 previously published hydrographic stations in the Bay of Fundy are summarized, and the average distribution of salinity at various depths is derived from these data.The total quantity of river water accumulated within the Bay of Fundy is equivalent to the quantity introduced by the rivers during a period of about 76 days.The exchange ratios for tidal excursion segments of the Bay of Fundy range from 0.17 in the neighborhood of Cape Chignecto to 0.056 in the segment immediately south of Grand Manan. In the upper tidal reaches of the Petitcodiac River and of Minas Basin the exchange ratios are about 0.95.The estuary of the St. Croix River has been studied and calculations indicate that about 15 tides, or 8 days are required on the average to replace one day's river flow. The exchange ration in this case range from 0.905 to 0.30.From a summary of existing data in Passamaquoddy Bay it is calculated that the total accumulation of river water is equal to the quantity introduced by the rivers in a period of about 16 days.

Analysis of water pollution and evaluation of purification measures in an urban river basin

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hosoi ◽  
Y. Kido ◽  
H. Nagira ◽  
H. Yoshida ◽  
Y. Bouda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Pollutant Load

The inflow of pollutant load from urban areas and the stagnation of water due to sea water intrusion cause the deterioration of river water quality in tidal zone. In order to improve water quality, various measures such as the reduction of pollutant load by sewage systems, discharge control from sewage treatment plants considering river flow, nutrient removal by aquatic plants, and the dredging of bottom sediments have been examined. The choice of these measures depends on the situation of the river environment and finances. In this study, a field survey was carried out in a typical urban river basin, first. Secondly, on the basis of this survey, a mathematical model was formed to simulate flow and water quality. Several purification alternatives designed for the investigated river basin were comparatively evaluated from the viewpoint of the effect of water quality improvement and their cost. Finally, they were prioritized. Through this case study, a planning process of river water quality management was shown.

scholarly journals Diversitas Makrofauna Kaitannya Dengan Kualitas Air Sungai Metro Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Novi Komariah ◽  
Saimul Laili ◽  
Hari Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Water ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Macrofauna Community

Water is a natural resource that is needed for the life of human being, even for all the creatures. Therefore, these water resources must be protected so that humans and other living things can be utilized properly. The macrofauna community defines whether the water quality is good or not. The study of the effect of river water quality on the diversity of macrofauna in the Metro river flow of Lowokwaru Subdistrict, Malang City aims to determine the effect of river water quality and to compare the diversity of macrofauna in several Metro river locations in Lowokwaru District, Malang. The method used is quantitative descriptive by calculating the Shanon Winner diversity index. The results obtained for station I amounted to 1.95 classified as lightly polluted, at station II the results were 1,007 which were classified as moderately polluted, and at station III the results were 0.69 which were classified as heavily polluted. Key Words: water quality, macro fauna, Metro river ABSTRAK Air merupakan sumber daya alam yang diperlukan untuk kebutuhan hidup orang banyak, bahkan oleh semua makhluk hidup. Oleh karena itu, sumber daya air tersebut harus di lindungi agar tetap dapat di manfaatkan dengan baik oleh manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Komunitas makrofauna menentukan kualitas air baik atau tidak. Penelitian tentang pengaruh kualitas air sungai terhadap keragaman makrofauna di aliran sungai Metro Kecamatan Lowokwaru kota Malang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas air sungai dan untuk membandingkan keanekaragaman makrofauna di beberapa lokasi aliran sungai  Metro Kecamatan Lowokwaru kota Malang. Metode yang di gunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan melakukan perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman Shanon Winner. Indeks keanekaragaman yang di hasilkan pada stasiun I sebesar 1,95 yang tergolong tercemar ringan, pada stasiun II indeks keanekaragaman yang di hasilkan sebesar 1,007 yang tergolong tercemar sedang, dan pada stasiun III di dapat hasil indeks keanekaragaman 0,69 yang tergolong tercemar berat. Kata kunci: Kualitas air, makrofauna, sungai metro.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Changes and Influencing Factors in the Dongkemadi Region, Tanggula Range, China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Tianding Han ◽  
Yuping Li ◽  
Jia Qin ◽  
Xiangying Li ◽  
Qin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geochemical Model

In order to detect the source and controlling factors of hydrochemical ions in glacier meltwater-recharged rivers, the chemical characteristics of the river water, precipitation, and meltwater of the Dongkemadi River Basin, China, in 2014 (from May to October) were systematically analyzed, and combined with the hydrological and meteorological data. The results show that the hydrochemical pattern of the typical river was HCO3−-Ca2+. The most cations were Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the predominant anions were HCO3− and SO42−, in the river. The concentration of major ions and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the river water were much larger than that in the precipitation and meltwater. The TDS concentration was ordered: River water > precipitation > meltwater. The water-rock interaction and the dilution effect of the precipitation and meltwater on the runoff ions resulted in a negative correlation between the ion concentration of the river water and the river flow. The chemical ions of the river runoff mainly originated from rock weathering and the erosion (abrasion) caused by glacier movement. In addition, the contributions of different sources to the dissolved components of the Dongkemadi River were ordered: Carbonate (75.8%) > silicate (15.5%) > hydatogenic rock (5.7%) > atmospheric precipitation (3%), calculated by a forward geochemical model. And the hydrochemical weathering rates of carbonate and silicate minerals were 12.30 t·km−2·a−1 and 1.98 t·km−2·a−1, respectively. The CO2 fluxes, consumed by the chemical weathering of carbonate and silicate, were 3.28 × 105 mol·km−2·a−1 and 0.91 × 105 mol·km−2·a−1, respectively.

Study on the Hydraulic Relationship between Molin River and Groundwater

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 652-656
Author(s):  
Yu Yu Wan ◽  
Fu Tian Liu ◽  
Guang Yu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Isotopic Methods ◽  
Water Resources Assessment ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Hydrodynamic Field ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Resources Assessment

Molin River catchment is located in arid and semi-arid region in China. River water and groundwater are major water sources in this area. It is a key work to identify the interaction between river water and groundwater for not only water resources assessment and sustainable development, but residents living, industry and agriculture and environment protection. In this study, the interaction of Molin River water and groundwater has been analyzed systematically with hydrogeochemical and isotopic methods based on analyzing the characteristics of groundwater hydrodynamic field. The results show that Molin river water originates from groundwater in river source and is recharged by precipitation and groundwater with different recharge intensity along river flow. From the conclusions, it is obviously that these two parts of water cycle can not be departed, and their interactions need to be considered comprehensively in water resources assessment and development in order to avoid irreversible surface ecological environment damage in Molin River basin

Analysis of the River Flow and Sediment Concentration Change before and after Wenchuan Earthquake

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Feng Qian ◽  
Bo Hu ◽  
Jing Jun Liu ◽  
Ming Biao Xiong ◽  
Heng Hu
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Soil And Water Loss ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Obvious Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Regional Influence

Wenchuan earthquake triggered floods, landslide, collapse and secondary geological disaster,trigger a new soil and water loss, having the significant influence to the local river water quality.According to shaba and jiangyou station 2006 January to 2011 December flow and sediment concentration data for statistical analysis, this paper discusses the disaster area river water and sediment changes on the influence of river water quality before and after the earthquake. Results show that,the monthly average flow change trend does not take place obvious change before and after the earthquake,during the earthquake the monthly average sediment concentration is higher than any other in the same period of monthly average sediment concentration,jiangyou station and shaba station the average daily flow rate on May has no obvious change before and after earthquake, the earthquake for different regional influence is different , different regions of different section of the average sediment coefficient has certain space diversity,in jiangyou station the average sediment coefficient before the earthquake is more than the average sediment coefficient after the earthquake but the change of average sediment coefficient in shaba station was not significant before and after the earthquake.

Caligus elongatus (Copepoda: Caligoida) from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cultured in marine waters of the Lower Bay of Fundy

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Hogans ◽  
Deborah J. Trudeau
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay

The occurrence of Caligus elongatus on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cultured in marine waters in the Passamaquoddy Bay region of the lower Bay of Fundy is reported. Two size classes of cultured salmon (smolts and market size) were examined. Prevalence of C. elongatus was 54.5% on market fish and 54.7% on smolts. Intensities of infection for market fish and smolts were recorded as 2.41 and 2.58, respectively. Overall sex ratio of adult C. elongatus on infected salmon was 1:1.4 females to males; mean number of eggs per gravid female C. elongatus was 169.

A new secondary ecotope for talitrids: driftwood in the Bay of Fundy

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 737-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Wildish ◽  
Shawn M. C. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Tidal Forces ◽  
Rotting Wood ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Eastern White Cedar ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Initial Entry

Platorchestia platensis (Amphipoda, Talitridae) was previously known ecologically as a wrack generalist, but here we describe a secondary driftwood ecotope for this species. The trophic dependence of driftwood-acclimated P. platensis on rotting wood was confirmed by successfully culturing it within driftwood, without further addition of food. The stranded driftwood in which P. platensis was found contained gribble burrows (round and of 0.6 to 5 mm diameter). We hypothesize that P. platensis used the empty gribble burrows for interspecific squatting (to gain initial entry to driftwood and for shelter). We found eleven driftwood depositories in a 230 km length of shoreline in Passamaquoddy Bay. The commonest driftwood was of spruce and eastern white cedar. The small marsh at Hartley Cove contained a driftwood depository, where the new driftwood ecotope was discovered. This site was studied temporally to understand how wind and tidal forces might affect import and export of driftwood.

Quantitative distributional patterns and aspects of the biology of the Mysidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the zooplankton of the Bay of Fundy region

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1545-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Corey
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Life History Pattern ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay

Three mysids, Erythrops erythropthalma, Mysis stenolepis, and Neomysis americana occurred in the zooplankton of the Bay of Fundy and adjacent waters from 1973 through 1981. Erythrops erythropthalma occurred in low numbers in scattered areas, such as the mouth of Passamaquoddy Bay, Grand Manan Channel, the coast of Maine, and off St. Mary's Bay and southwest Nova Scotia. Mysis stenolepis was taken rarely and only in the shallower stations near the coast and in the inner Bay of Fundy. Neomysis americana was the most abundant mysid and the most widespread in its distribution. Populations were found at the head of the Bay of Fundy and in St. Mary's Bay. Seasonally, N. americana was least abundant in the spring, with numbers and area of distribution increasing in the summer and fall. The life history pattern of N. americana in the inner Bay of Fundy was the same as that found in other areas nearby. It rarely occurred in depths greater than 75 m and was more abundant in the zooplankton at night than during the day. Because of the great abundance of N. americana in the inner Bay of Fundy and St. Mary's Bay, it provides an excellent food source for larval and adult fish in these areas.

Flow of Water in the Passages of Passamaquoddy Bay Measured by the Electromagnetic Method

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Trites ◽  
D. G. MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Close Agreement ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Harmonic Content ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Residual Transport ◽  
Component Content ◽  
Saint Croix

Water transports in the passages connecting Passamaquoddy Bay and the Bay of Fundy were measured by the electrical potential differences induced in the water moving across the earth's magnetic field. A phase difference between the transports in Letite and Western Passages was observed, slack water occurring later in Western Passage by 15 to 60 minutes. Variation of the transport with time for each passage was studied. A marked harmonic content was found, particularly of the second and third harmonics with periods six (6.2) and four (4.1) hours, and was evaluated by harmonic analysis.The harmonic component content of the tidal current transports in the Saint Croix Estuary was found to be in close agreement with that of the observed tidal heights at St. Andrews, N.B. The harmonic content of the transports in Letite Passage and in Western Passage was related to hydraulic or frictional tidal flow and to shallow-water tides respectively. Currents in Letite Passage found at anchor Sta. 51 and deduced from the square root of the head measured by tide staffs were consistent in form and phase with data from the electrode voltages.A small residual transport from Passamaquoddy Bay through Western Passage was inferred with some uncertainty.

Herring Movements in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine, 1957 and 1958

1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. McKenzie ◽  
S. N. Tibbo
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Far East ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Surface Drift

During 1957 and 1958, 137,469 herring were tagged in the southern part of the Bay of Fundy and the western part of the Gulf of Maine. These fish were immature and ranged in mean total length from 9.9 to 20.0 cm and in age from 1 to 3 years. Recovery of 3,582 (2.6%) tagged individuals showed that herring moved in and out of Passamaquoddy Bay irregularly throughout the summer and autumn with some tendency to concentrate at the head of this bay. Outward movement reached a peak in July when there was a considerable movement eastward towards Point Lepreau. Herring moved into Passamaquoddy from as far south as Grand Manan and from as far east as Point Lepreau. Little interchange of herring took place between the Passamaquoddy area and the coasts of Maine and Nova Scotia. The greatest straight-line distance from release to recovery points was 55 miles. More than half of the recaptures were made within 2 miles of the tagging sites and nearly two-thirds within 5 miles. About 28% of the recaptures were made within 1 week after tagging and 63% within 2 weeks. The average time before recapture was 12 days in 1957 and 17 days in 1958. The longest time between release and recapture for both years was 165 days. Drift bottles released with tagged herring showed no apparent relationship between herring movements and surface drift. The results of tagging support a general conclusion that the proposed Passamaquoddy tidal power structures will have no significant effect on the herring fisheries of the Passamaquoddy area.

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