Information-statistical approach to inverse optical problem solution for 3D disperse systems with nano- and micro particles

Multiparameter analysis of simultaneous optical data for 3D disperse systems (consisted from nano- and/or microparticles of different nature) by information-statistical methods can help to estimate the share of different types of particles in mixtures. At the solution of inverse optical problem for unknown poly-component 3D DS, the comparison of measured parameters with the known ones from the set of mono-component 3D DS can help to identify the component content of the system under study. The approach was tested on the biomineral water mixtures of kaolin clay and bacterium coli bacillus with the help of the program based on the information-statistical theory. To solve the impurity optical recognition tasks, the Base of optical data for 3D DS is needed.

Features of the composition of gas sorbed in the rocks of the upper part of the sedimentary cover section

The topicality of the article is determined by the insufficient reliability of geochemical oil and gas exploration data for the localization of petroliferous geological objects. Geochemical surveys are carried out to mapping hydrocarbon anomalies caused by vertical migration of fluid from hydrocarbon deposits. Practice shows that not all anomalies in the content of hydrocarbons in the near-surface environment are related to the oil-bearing capacity of a given subsoil area. Therefore, when interpreting the data of geochemical oil and gas prospecting surveys, it is necessary to take into account not only quantitative indicators (namely, content of hydrocarbon gases on the surface), but also the composition of the gas sorbed by the near-surface substrate. The purpose of the article is to determine the composition of the dissipated gases in the rocks of the upper part of the section, to reveal the inter-component relationships, and, on this basis, to determine the genesis of each gas component sorbed by the rocks of the upper part of the section. To solve this problem, statistical processing of data on the component content of gas from core degassing of shallow (up to 30 m) wells drilled in the petroliferous territory of the north of Western Siberia was carried out. The obtained results confirmed the genetic heterogeneity of dissipated hydrocarbons and inorganic gases in the upper part of the sedimentary cover.

Proton-conducting Organic-inorganic Sulfo-containing Membranes for Fuel Cell

Cross-linked organiс-inorganic sulfo-containing membranes of various compositions based on acrylic monomers (acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, 3-sulfopropylacrylate potassium salt, ethylene glycol diacrylate) and sol-gel systems of tetraethoxysilane have been developed. Synthesis of the polymer matrix was carried out by UV-initiated polymerization of the monomer mixture and the inorganic component was formed in situ while conducting the sol-gel process of the precursor. FTIR, SEM, EDS, DMA, impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized materials. The influence of inorganic component content on the properties of the membranes was investigated. DMA results show that an increase in silica content leads to a decrease in packing density and an increase in structural heterogeneity in sulfo-containing polyacrylate/silica membranes. The highest values of proton conductivity 1.12 ꞏ 10−2 Sm/cm at 60 °C were found in membranes containing 3 wt.%. of the added sol-gel system. Further increase of silica content does not increase the proton conductivity of the membranes. The proton transfer activation energies in the membranes were calculated from the temperature dependence of proton conductivity. The obtained cross-linked sulfo-containing organic-inorganic materials can be used for the development of proton-conducting membranes for fuel cells.

Modern sedimentation processes in glacial lakes on the Spitsbergen archipelago (on the example of Lake Bretjørna)

The paper reviews the study results of sedimentation and formation of geochemical characteristics of glacial Lake Bretjørna sediment – as the example of postglacial process in inner areas of Arctic archipelagos. Field research and sampling were carried out in the winter of 2018. The properties of sediments along the profile of the lake were analyzed. The income and accumulation of heavy metals in sediment were assessed. The lithofacies characteristics of the sediments and their spatial distribution were determined. In the paper the main geochemical characteristics of the lake bottom sediments (granulometric composition, organic matter content, as well as the accumulation of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Hg) are considered. The correlation between the lithological composition of sediments and their micro-component content are shown. Correlation between elements and terrigenous sediments income from Northern Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula accumulated by the glacier and snow cover of the catchment is obtained. Three associations of trace elements in the group of studied elements are distinguished.

Application of Magnetic and Ultrasonic Methods for Determining Parameters of Ferromagnetic Components in Iron Ore Slurry Flows

The article considers the method for controlling the ferromagnetic component content in slurry flow by ultrasonic and magnetic measurements. One of the basic factors determining the efficiency of magnetic separators at iron ore concentration plants is the quality of distribution of the ground ore into the product containing the ferromagnetic component and the waste rock. Due to the fact that in most cases, magnetic separators extract minerals with strongly magnetic properties, it is essential to find the magnetic component content in the input ore and products of its distribution in order to improve control over the technological process. Currently, low accuracy and reliability make existing means of operative control over the ferromagnetic component content in the slurry flow inefficient. Density of slurry is one of the primary disturbing factors affecting the accuracy of measurements, and this fact determines the necessity of measuring this parameter while controlling the ferromagnetic component content. Combined methods of measurements are a promising trend in designing sensors of useful component content in the slurry flow. The article describes the method for controlling the ferromagnetic component content in slurry flow by ultrasonic and magnetic measurements.

Ancient Wheat and Quinoa Flours as Ingredients for Pasta Dough—Evaluation of Thermal and Rheological Properties

The aim of this study was to investigate thermal and rheological properties of selected ancient grain flours and to evaluate rheological properties of mixtures thereof represented by pasta dough and dry pasta. Flours from spelt, einkorn, and emmer ancient wheat varieties were combined with quinoa flour. All these flour sources are considered healthy grains of high bioactive component content. Research results were compared to durum wheat flour or spelt wheat flour systems. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a rapid visco analyzer (RVA) were used to investigate the phase transition behavior of the flours and pasting characteristics of the flours and dried pasta. Angular frequency sweep experiments and creep and recovery tests of the pasta dough were performed. The main components modifying the pasta dough structure were starch and water. Moreover, the proportion of the individual flours influenced the rheological properties of the dough. The durum wheat dough was characterized by the lowest values of the K′ and K″ parameters of the power law models (24,861 Pa·sn′ and 10,687 Pa·sn″, respectively) and the highest values of the instantaneous (J0) and retardation (J1) compliances (0.453 × 10−4 Pa and 0.644 × 10−4 Pa, respectively). Replacing the spelt wheat flour with the other ancient wheat flours and quinoa flour increased the proportion of elastic properties and decreased values of the J0 and J1 of the pasta dough. Presence of the quinoa flour increased pasting temperature (from 81.4 up to 83.3 °C) and significantly influenced pasting viscosities of the spelt wheat pasta samples. This study indicates a potential for using mixtures of spelt, einkorn, and emmer wheat flours with quinoa flour in the production of innovative pasta dough and pasta products.

Improving marshmallow production technology by adding the fruit and vegetable paste obtained by low-temperature concentration

A formulation composition and a low-temperature technique have been devised for concentrating fruit and vegetable puree with the following component content: 20 % apple; 20 % pumpkin; 15 % beets; 15 % cranberries; 15 % hawthorn. The puree is concentrated in a rotary evaporator to a solids content of 50 % at a temperature of 50...56 °C under vacuum. The processing time was reduced to 1...2 min, which is several times less compared to conventional single-case pump vacuum evaporators (60...90 mins). Reducing the temperature influence of concentrating contributes to an increase in the organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of the resulting paste. To determine the effect of the contribution of each component to the structure of the paste, the structural and mechanical properties of the puree from each raw material and concentrated semi-finished products were investigated. The devised paste has an increased strength of the structure with a dynamic viscosity value of 394 Pa⋅s, which is 2.5 times more than that in the control sample. The devised blended fruit and vegetable paste has an increased content of physiologically functional ingredients and good organoleptic parameters, unlike control (apple paste). It was established that the partial replacement of apple puree in the formulation composition of marshmallow with 75 % of the devised multicomponent fruit and vegetable paste gives the product original properties. The dynamic viscosity value of the marshmallow in which 75 % of apple puree was replaced with the devised paste has increased, compared to the control sample (marshmallow without additives), from 408 Pa⋅s to 908 Pa⋅s. The color of the marshmallow mass where 75 % of apple puree were replaced is bright pink with a wavelength of 596.7 nm and a brightness of 62.3 %. The data reported here make it possible to improve the quality of original marshmallow products when adding fruit and vegetable semi-finished products whereby an increase in functional properties is provided

ETHYMOLOGY OF MEDICAL TERMS TRANSLATED INTO UZBEK FROM OTHER LANGUAGES

This article of the author is devoted to the etymology of medical terms that have been introduced into the Uzbek language from other languages. It also discusses the vocabulary, socio-historical development of the Uzbek language, its relationship with other languages and the peculiarities of word acquisition. The article analyzes medical terms, mainly from Arabic to Uzbek. In the process of analysis, the origin and semantic features of these lexical units have been thoroughly studied theoretically and practically. In this regard, the author effectively used scientific sources in Uzbek and Russian languages, as well as various dictionaries and research papers, and expressed his scientific hypothesis. Instead, he drew relevant scientific conclusions on the subject by referring to examples and evidence that differentiate the same concepts and phenomena. In particular, the article describes the etymology and national-cultural features of medical terms borrowed from Arabic into Uzbek - linguoculturology on the basis of historical and synchronous, comparative and component analysis methods. For example, the use of the complication lexeme in the Uzbek language in the sense of a sign, trace, specific feature, which appeared or appeared after an event, is associated with modern medicine in the example of today’s infectious, acute respiratory disease pandemic covid-2019. Attention is also paid to the synonym of the complication lexeme in the Uzbek language and its homonym. Many such original examples can be cited from the article. So, all of the above in a sense determines the scientific-theoretical and practical value of this article. KEYWORDS: etymology, semantics, grammar, structure, cell, masdar, sukun, uzv, cultural linguistics, component, content, lexeme, term, phraseme, neologism, respirator, pandemic, anomaly.