Two major Wisconsin lithostratigraphic units in southwest British Columbia

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1471-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Armstrong ◽  
J. J. Clague
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
The South ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Part Plant ◽  
North End

Two lithostratigraphic units, Quadra Sand and the Cowichan Head Formation, are overlain by Vashon till and associated glacial sediments and underlain by Dashwood and Semiahmoo drift deposits in coastal southwest British Columbia. Each unit is formally described and stratotypes are presented.Quadra Sand consists of cross-stratified, well-sorted sand, minor gravel, and silt deposited as outwash in front of glaciers advancing into the Georgia Depression at the beginning of the Fraser Glaciation. It is diachronous, deposition having commenced earlier than 29 000 years BP at the north end of the Georgia Depression but not until after 15 000 years BP at the south end of the Puget Lowland.The Cowichan Head Formation, deposited during the Olympia nonglacial interval, underlies Quadra Sand and consists of parallel-bedded silt, sand, and gravel, in part plant-bearing. The unit is divisible into a lower marine member and an upper fluvial and estuarine member.

scholarly journals Gitksan

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Brown ◽  
Henry Davis ◽  
Michael Schwan ◽  
Barbara Sennott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

Gitksan (git) is an Interior Tsimshianic language spoken in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is closely related to Nisga'a, and more distantly related to Coast Tsimshian and Southern Tsimshian. The specific dialect of Gitksan presented here is what can be called Eastern Gitksan, spoken in the villages of Kispiox (Ansbayaxw), Glen Vowell (Sigit'ox), and Hazelton (Git-an'maaxs), which contrasts with the Western dialects, spoken in the villages of Kitwanga (Gitwingax), Gitanyow (Git-anyaaw), and Kitseguecla (Gijigyukwhla). The primary phonological differences between the dialects are a lexical shift in vowels and the presence of stop lenition in the Eastern dialects. While there exists a dialect continuum, the primary cultural and political distinction drawn is between Eastern and Western Gitksan. For reference, Gitksan is bordered on the west by Nisga'a, in the south by Coast Tsimshian and Witsuwit'en, in the east by Dakelh and Sekani, and in the north by Tahltan (the latter four of these being Athabaskan languages).

scholarly journals 3D lithostratigraphic model of the Paleogene of the onshore part of the Moesian Platform (Northeast Bulgaria)

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Boris Valchev ◽  
Dimitar Sachkov ◽  
Sava Juranov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Eastern Slope ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Moesian Platform ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Model Database ◽  
The Individual

The Paleogene sedimentary rocks in the north-easternmost part of the territory of Bulgaria have been penetrated by numerous boreholes. In terms of regional tectonic zonation, the study area is a part of the onshore sector of the Moesian Platform, which partly includes the South Dobrogea Unit and the easternmost part of the North Bulgarian Dome with its eastern slope. The lithostratigraphy of the Paleogene successions consists of six formal units (the Komarevo, Beloslav, Dikilitash, Aladan, Avren, and Ruslar formations) and one informal unit (glauconitic marker). For compiling an overall conception of the regional aspects (lithology, thickness, spatial distribution, and relationships) of the individual lithostratigraphic units and for illustration of their spatial distribution, a 3D lithostratigraphic model based on reinterpretation of individual borehole sections has been created. The model database was compiled by integration of the original lithological data from 338 borehole sections.

RAPID CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL DRAINAGE CLASSES ON BURNABY MOUNTAIN, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
C. B. CRAMPTON
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Simon Fraser University

Maps showing the distribution of soil drainage classes on Burnaby Mountain in the Greater Vancouver urban area during 1974 and 1978, and systematic profile investigations during the intervening years, have revealed distinct changes. Construction of Simon Fraser University has diverted the heavy precipitation associated particularly with the plateau top of the mountain, off the north-facing slopes and onto the south-facing slopes. Hence, there has been an extension of well-drained soils onto north-facing footslopes and soils with more restricted drainage onto south-facing footslopes.

Transporting Urban Inequality through Public Transit Designs & Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn Y. Purifoye
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Large White ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
Predominantly Minority ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
North End

Four large, and often overflowing, dumpsters are situated at one of the more than dozen bus stops at the Chicago Transit Authority's (CTA) Red Line 95th Street/Dan Ryan train station. This station is on the city's far south side and the ridership on the buses that board and disembark there and the train is predominantly minority. On a warm or hot day, the smell of bus engines and dumpster contents fill the waiting areas. One 28–year–old Black male passenger (BMP) noted, as he stood at one of the nearly one dozen (no seating available) bus stops at the station, “In the summer it's really horrible because of the smells, flies, and bees.” He also added that as far as he could remember “they've [the bus stop dumpsters] been here my whole life” (June 2012). His experience at the south end of this train line, which also has a majority minority ridership, is starkly different from the waiting experiences on the far north end of the same line, Howard Street, where the ridership is diverse (with a large white ridership). The north end station is surrounded by shops and restaurants, more open waiting spaces, and places to sit to wait for buses that travel through the adjoining bus depot. There are no bus stop benches at the south end station, even though there are over a dozen buses that use that station's depot.

scholarly journals Dinantian lithostratigraphic units (Belgium)

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edouard POTY ◽  
Luc HANCE ◽  
Alan LEES ◽  
Michel HENNEBERT
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
The South ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
The North ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Marine Facies ◽  
Sea Level Variations ◽  
Depositional Setting

Six paleogeographic sedimentation areas (s. a.) are recognized in the Namur-Dinant Basin: (1) the Hainaut s. a., (2) the Namur s. a., (3) the Condroz s. a., (4) the Dinant s. a., (5) the Visé-Maastricht s. a., and (6) the southern Avesnois s. a. (only in northern France). Together with the sea-level variations (third-order sequences), local controls influenced the nature of the sedimentary deposits, so the lithostratigraphic successions in each sedimentation area are distinctive. The depositional setting was that of a carbonate platform which evolved from a ramp in the early Tournaisian to a rimmed shelf during the early Viséan and then to a regionally extensive shelf during the middle and late Viséan. Before the Livian, open marine fades were developed to the south, but from the Livian onwards open marine facies were restricted to the north while evaporites developed in the south. This inversion of the normal pattern was probably related to an early phase of Variscan shortening. Dinantian biostratigraphy is mainly based upon foraminifera, rugose corals and conodonts. Fifty formations (including members), 3 groups and 2 informal lithostratigraphic units are briefly described.

scholarly journals IV.—On the Superficial Deposits at the Foot of the Cheviot Hills between Wooler and Glanton

1910 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 452-458
Author(s):  
R. G. A. Bullerwell
Keyword(s):  
Geological Survey ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Sand And Gravel

Lying at the foot of the Cheviot Hills are deposits of sand and gravel, which, between Wooler on the north and Glanton on the south, cover a considerable area, occupying the greater part of the lower valleys of the Breamish and other tributary streams of the Till. They form mounds and ridges running in different directions, often dividing and reuniting in a very irregular manner. They are indicated, along with deposits at greater altitudes, on the Drift Edition of the Map of the Geological Survey of England (Sheets 109 N. W. and 110 S. W.) as “sands and gravels of Glacial age”. It is for the purpose of describing these accumulations and in some measure elucidating their source and mode of deposition that this paper is written.

Sur la stratigraphie et la tectonique du groupe du Jebel Musa (Rif septentrional, Maroc)

1963 ◽  
Vol S7-V (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Durand Delga ◽  
Michel Villiaumey
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Jurassic Limestone ◽  
North End

Abstract The allochthonous Musa group of upper Triassic shale, Jurassic limestone, dolomite, marl, and radiolarite, and Cretaceous to Paleogene clastics lies upon Senonian (upper Cretaceous) autochthonous marl and shale of the Tangier massif at the north end of the Rif mountains in Morocco. The group more closely resembles the formations of the Gibraltar area than nearby formations to the south in Morocco. The significance of the Beliounis flysch, believed to be of Cretaceous to Oligocene age, is unexplained. It may be a remnant of the cover of the Musa group although presence of other facies of the same age in the area contradicts this possibility.

scholarly journals On the anomalous magnetic action of hot iron between the white and blood-red heat

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
The South ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
The North ◽  
Magnetic Attraction ◽  
Hard Steel ◽  
Malleable Iron ◽  
Magnetic Action ◽  
Cold Iron ◽  
North End

Finding the attractive power of soft malleable iron and steel for a magnet greater than that of cast-iron and hard steel, the author was desirous of ascertaining the effect of heating these bodies in a furnace, so as to render them perfectly soft, upon their magnetic power. With this view the bars were rendered white-hot, and being placed in the direction of the dip, their powers were found nearly equal. It was however found that there was a point between the white heat, at which all magnetic action was lost, and the blood -red heat, at which it was strongest, at which the iron attracted the needle the contrary way to which it did when cold; viz. if the bar and compass were so placed that the north end of the needle was drawn to it when cold, the south end was attracted during the interval above mentioned. The author then proceeds to detail some further experiments in illustration of this anomalous magnetic action, from which it appears that the quantity of magnetic attraction at a red heat is influenced by the height or depth of the centre of the bar from the compass; and as the natural effect of the cold iron was changed by placing the compass below the centre of the bar, it became a question how far the negative attraction was also changed. To decide, the compass was lowered to within six inches of the bottom of the bar, when the cold iron produced a deviation of 21°, by attracting the south end of the needle. At a white heat its power ceased ; but as this subsided to bright red the negative attraction amounted to 101/2°, the north end of the needle being attracted to the iron; it then gradually returned to due north, and ultimately to 70° 30' on the opposite side.

High-Resolution Seismic Reflection Evidence for Middle Holocene Environmental Change, Owasco Lake, New York

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry T. Mullins ◽  
John D. Halfman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Seismic Reflection Profile ◽  
East Central ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
Holocene Sediments ◽  
Erosion Surface ◽  
North End

AbstractApproximately 70 km of new decimeter-resolution seismic reflection profile data from Owasco Lake, New York define a middle Holocene (∼4600 14C yr B.P.) erosion surface in the north end of the lake at water depths as great as 26 m. Beneath the lake, post-glacial sediments are up to 9 m thick and represent about 10% of the total sediment fill. Early to middle Holocene sediments, ∼6 m thick, contain biogenic gas at the south end of the basin and a large (4 km × 300 m × 15 m) subaqueous slide deposit along the east-central portion of the lake. Late Holocene sediments are thinner or absent, particularly at the north end of the lake. The middle Holocene erosion surface may have been produced by a drop in lake level. Alternatively, it may represent a change in climate during the transition between the relatively warm Holocene hypsithermal and cool neoglacial. At this time (∼4600 14C yr B.P.) circulation in Owasco Lake appears to have evolved from sluggish to active. The increased circulation, which persists today, probably resulted from atmospheric cold fronts with strong southwesterly winds that piled up water at the north end of the lake. The increased water circulation may have been ultimately driven by decreasing insolation, which produced an increased pole-to-equator thermal gradient and thus, stronger global winds that began at the transition between the hypsithermal and neoglacial.

Underground Houses on the British Columbian Coast

1944 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Northern California ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Way

Semi-Subterranean houses with an entrance through the roof are a well known feature of the interior of British Columbia, having been described for the Thompson, the Chilcotin, the Shuswap and others of the upper Fraser River valley. They have, in fact, an even wider distribution east of the Coast and Cascade Ranges, extending south over the Plateau and into northern California. Although this type of dwelling existed among the Aleuts, it appears that the coastal people to the south of them, even in Alaska, were either unfamiliar with the pattern or rejected it in favor of others. Sporadically, along the Pacific Coast all the way from California to Bering Sea, house floors were excavated to varying depths, sometimes even to two levels; but, everywhere, the houses characteristically lack the roof entrance and, except for sweathouses in the south and Bering Sea Eskimo dwellings in the north, even the idea of an earth covering is absent. In view of this fundamental divergence, it is interesting that subterranean structures do appear in several places on the coast of British Columbia.

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