scholarly journals On the anomalous magnetic action of hot iron between the white and blood-red heat

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
The South ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
The North ◽  
Magnetic Attraction ◽  
Hard Steel ◽  
Malleable Iron ◽  
Magnetic Action ◽  
Cold Iron ◽  
North End

Finding the attractive power of soft malleable iron and steel for a magnet greater than that of cast-iron and hard steel, the author was desirous of ascertaining the effect of heating these bodies in a furnace, so as to render them perfectly soft, upon their magnetic power. With this view the bars were rendered white-hot, and being placed in the direction of the dip, their powers were found nearly equal. It was however found that there was a point between the white heat, at which all magnetic action was lost, and the blood -red heat, at which it was strongest, at which the iron attracted the needle the contrary way to which it did when cold; viz. if the bar and compass were so placed that the north end of the needle was drawn to it when cold, the south end was attracted during the interval above mentioned. The author then proceeds to detail some further experiments in illustration of this anomalous magnetic action, from which it appears that the quantity of magnetic attraction at a red heat is influenced by the height or depth of the centre of the bar from the compass; and as the natural effect of the cold iron was changed by placing the compass below the centre of the bar, it became a question how far the negative attraction was also changed. To decide, the compass was lowered to within six inches of the bottom of the bar, when the cold iron produced a deviation of 21°, by attracting the south end of the needle. At a white heat its power ceased ; but as this subsided to bright red the negative attraction amounted to 101/2°, the north end of the needle being attracted to the iron; it then gradually returned to due north, and ultimately to 70° 30' on the opposite side.

scholarly journals XIV. On the anomalous magnetic action of hot iron between the white and blood-red heat

1822 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Intermediate State ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equal Size ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Malleable Iron ◽  
Magnetic Action ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Theoretical Results

In consequence of certain theoretical results relative to the magnetic action of iron, obtained by Mr. Charles Bonnycastle, I was desirous of ascertaining the relative attraction which different species of iron and steel had for the magnet; and with this view I procured two bars of each of the following descriptions of metal, 24 inches in length, and 1 inch and a quarter square, which being placed successively in the direction of the dip, at a certain distance from the compass, the disturbance occasioned by each was carefully noted; first with one end upwards, and then with the other; and assuming the tangents of the angles as the measure of the disturbing power, I obtained the following specific results, viz. Mag. Pow. Mag. Pow. Malleable iron - - 100 | Shear steel soft - - 66 Cast iron - - - 48 | ------------- hard - - 53 Blistered steel soft - 67 | Cast steel soft - - 74 ---------------- hard - 53 | ------------ hard - - 49 As it was obvious from these experiments, that the softer the iron the greater was its power, and the contrary, I was desirous of determining how nearly these different kinds of metal would approximate towards each other in their magnetic action, when rendered perfectly soft by being heated in a furnace. With this view, bars of equal size of cast iron, malleable iron, shear steel, &c. were rendered white hot, and being placed in the direction of the dip, as before, their powers, as was anticipated, agreed nearly with each other; but still the cast iron, which was weakest while the metal was cold, exceeded a little in power all the others when hot, and the malleable iron which had the greatest power cold, had the least when hot; but the difference was not very great, and might probably arise from some accidental circumstance. While carrying on these experiments, it had been observed, both by Mr. Bonnycastle and myself, that between the white heat of the metal, when all magnetic action was lost, and the blood-red heat, at which it was the strongest, there was an intermediate state in which the iron attracted the needle the contrary way to what it did when it was cold, viz. if the bar and compass were so situated that the north end of the needle was drawn towards it when cold, the south end was attracted during the interval above alluded to, or while the iron was passing through the shades of colour denoted by the workman the bright red and red heat.

Transporting Urban Inequality through Public Transit Designs & Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn Y. Purifoye
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Large White ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
Predominantly Minority ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
North End

Four large, and often overflowing, dumpsters are situated at one of the more than dozen bus stops at the Chicago Transit Authority's (CTA) Red Line 95th Street/Dan Ryan train station. This station is on the city's far south side and the ridership on the buses that board and disembark there and the train is predominantly minority. On a warm or hot day, the smell of bus engines and dumpster contents fill the waiting areas. One 28–year–old Black male passenger (BMP) noted, as he stood at one of the nearly one dozen (no seating available) bus stops at the station, “In the summer it's really horrible because of the smells, flies, and bees.” He also added that as far as he could remember “they've [the bus stop dumpsters] been here my whole life” (June 2012). His experience at the south end of this train line, which also has a majority minority ridership, is starkly different from the waiting experiences on the far north end of the same line, Howard Street, where the ridership is diverse (with a large white ridership). The north end station is surrounded by shops and restaurants, more open waiting spaces, and places to sit to wait for buses that travel through the adjoining bus depot. There are no bus stop benches at the south end station, even though there are over a dozen buses that use that station's depot.

Sur la stratigraphie et la tectonique du groupe du Jebel Musa (Rif septentrional, Maroc)

1963 ◽  
Vol S7-V (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Durand Delga ◽  
Michel Villiaumey
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Jurassic Limestone ◽  
North End

Abstract The allochthonous Musa group of upper Triassic shale, Jurassic limestone, dolomite, marl, and radiolarite, and Cretaceous to Paleogene clastics lies upon Senonian (upper Cretaceous) autochthonous marl and shale of the Tangier massif at the north end of the Rif mountains in Morocco. The group more closely resembles the formations of the Gibraltar area than nearby formations to the south in Morocco. The significance of the Beliounis flysch, believed to be of Cretaceous to Oligocene age, is unexplained. It may be a remnant of the cover of the Musa group although presence of other facies of the same age in the area contradicts this possibility.

A Late Minoan III ‘kitchen’ at Makritikhos (Knossos) (Knossos Survey 90)

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinclair Hood ◽  
Piet de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
The South ◽  
Deep Trench ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
High Bank ◽  
Small Room ◽  
North End

In the summer of 1951 N. Dadoudis, while digging a deep trench to bury stones from a plot of land belonging to him on the east edge of Makritikhos village, about 250 metres north of the Palace of Minos, found a complete Minoan amphora (Plan, Fig. 5, no. 3). He reported this discovery to the Ephor of Antiquities for Crete, Dr. N. Platon, who invited Piet de Jong, then the School's Curator at Knossos, to examine the area. Excavation revealed a small room, against the east wall of which the amphora had evidently once stood. The room was cleared by Piet de Jong assisted later by Sinclair Hood. To judge from the character of the vases found in it, the room might have been used as a kitchen.The ground on the edge of Makritikhos village here slopes steeply down through a series of terraces to the bed of the Kairatos stream about 40 metres to the east. The ‘Kitchen’ lay just below a high bank, forming the western boundary of the plot of ground, with the natural rock exposed at the north end and Minoan house walls showing in it to the south. There seems to have been a marked slope down towards the north as well as to the east here in Minoan times. The wall a–a (Fig. 2) at the north end of the original trench dug by Dadoudis, of squared limestone blocks measuring up to about half a metre in length and 0–35 thick, lay at a lower level than the Kitchen, although it appeared to be of the same period with it. A roughly constructed wall b–b south of a–a may have supported a terrace marking this change in ground level. The corner d–d of another, presumably contemporary, house built of squared limestone blocks was exposed in the south part of the original trench.

The Huckitta meteorite, Central Australia (With Plates XII-XV.)

1939 ◽  
Vol 25 (165) ◽  
pp. 353-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Madigan
Keyword(s):  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Surface ◽  
Malleable Iron ◽  
Central Australia ◽  
Simpson Desert ◽  
North End

The author arrived at Huckitta station, 135 miles north-east of Alice Springs, towards the end of June, 1937, on an expedition to the Tarlton Range at the north end of the Simpson Desert. The manager of the station, Mr. W. Madrill, said that a haft-caste named Mick Laughton employed on the station had a stone he would like to show, and this was produced by Laughton in the usual diffident manner of the half-caste. It proved to be a flat, rusty mass weighing a little over nine pounds. A few knocks with a hammer soon showed it to consist in part at least of malleable iron, and a meteorite was at once suggested. The specimen was not very closely examined, and the olivines, which show up so excellently on the polished surfaces, were entirely overlooked, which is quite easily done in the case of the iron-shale or the more weathered natural surface of the meteorite, although olivine makes up more than half the volume. It was said that the specimen came off a big stone which stood several feet out of the ground.

Preliminary Report of the Second Survey Season at Gebel El-Haridi, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
North End

The second survey season at Gebel el-Haridi concentrated on a series of mud-brick ruins and rock-cut features near the north end of Abu el-Nasr. The results of an extensive mapping project and pottery survey revealed an enclosed settlement and cemetery with surface material dating from the second and the sixth centuries AD. This settlement has been tentatively identified as a monastery. Preliminary analysis was also undertaken on building remains in front of Quarry E at the south end of Gebel Abu el-Nasr. Both architecture and surface material were distinctly different to those of the enclosed settlement on the lower slopes, with well-preserved terrace platforms and thicker mud-brick superstructures.

2. Note on the recent frequent occurrence of the Lunar Rainbow.

1857 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
George Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Thursday Evening ◽  
Westerly Direction ◽  
North End

The frequent occurrence of this phenomenon lately suggests the idea, whether it be any way connected with the relation of the atmosphere to an electric or other condition.On Thursday evening last, at 7 o'clock, I observed a very beautiful rainbow, from Duke Street, extending in a brilliant and unbroken arch in a westerly direction; the south end springing from the west end of Queen Street, and the north end stretching to the eastern extremity of Abercromby Place, comprising a space in the horizon of 60° or 70°, and rising 16° or 18° in altitude.

Two major Wisconsin lithostratigraphic units in southwest British Columbia

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1471-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Armstrong ◽  
J. J. Clague
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
The South ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Part Plant ◽  
North End

Two lithostratigraphic units, Quadra Sand and the Cowichan Head Formation, are overlain by Vashon till and associated glacial sediments and underlain by Dashwood and Semiahmoo drift deposits in coastal southwest British Columbia. Each unit is formally described and stratotypes are presented.Quadra Sand consists of cross-stratified, well-sorted sand, minor gravel, and silt deposited as outwash in front of glaciers advancing into the Georgia Depression at the beginning of the Fraser Glaciation. It is diachronous, deposition having commenced earlier than 29 000 years BP at the north end of the Georgia Depression but not until after 15 000 years BP at the south end of the Puget Lowland.The Cowichan Head Formation, deposited during the Olympia nonglacial interval, underlies Quadra Sand and consists of parallel-bedded silt, sand, and gravel, in part plant-bearing. The unit is divisible into a lower marine member and an upper fluvial and estuarine member.

scholarly journals X. An account of some magnetical experiments made before the Royal Society, on Thursday the 24th Day of June 1736

1738 ◽  
Vol 40 (450) ◽  
pp. 385-387 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Erect Position ◽  
The North ◽  
North End

I Took a Bar of Iron, of one fourth of an Inch Diameter (which having been 15 Years in an erect Position, had acquir'd a fix'd Pole at Top, so that the End which had stood uppermost attracted the North End of a Compass-Needle, and the other End the South End of the Needle); and having suspended it by a String for the Space of half a Year, it acquir'd a fix'd South Pole at that End, as well as it had done at the other in the Time of 15 Years, without diminishing the Virtue of the other End: So that both Ends of the Rod in any Situation attracted the North End of the Needle of the Compass.

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