RAPID CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL DRAINAGE CLASSES ON BURNABY MOUNTAIN, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
C. B. CRAMPTON
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Simon Fraser University

Maps showing the distribution of soil drainage classes on Burnaby Mountain in the Greater Vancouver urban area during 1974 and 1978, and systematic profile investigations during the intervening years, have revealed distinct changes. Construction of Simon Fraser University has diverted the heavy precipitation associated particularly with the plateau top of the mountain, off the north-facing slopes and onto the south-facing slopes. Hence, there has been an extension of well-drained soils onto north-facing footslopes and soils with more restricted drainage onto south-facing footslopes.

scholarly journals Gitksan

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Brown ◽  
Henry Davis ◽  
Michael Schwan ◽  
Barbara Sennott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

Gitksan (git) is an Interior Tsimshianic language spoken in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is closely related to Nisga'a, and more distantly related to Coast Tsimshian and Southern Tsimshian. The specific dialect of Gitksan presented here is what can be called Eastern Gitksan, spoken in the villages of Kispiox (Ansbayaxw), Glen Vowell (Sigit'ox), and Hazelton (Git-an'maaxs), which contrasts with the Western dialects, spoken in the villages of Kitwanga (Gitwingax), Gitanyow (Git-anyaaw), and Kitseguecla (Gijigyukwhla). The primary phonological differences between the dialects are a lexical shift in vowels and the presence of stop lenition in the Eastern dialects. While there exists a dialect continuum, the primary cultural and political distinction drawn is between Eastern and Western Gitksan. For reference, Gitksan is bordered on the west by Nisga'a, in the south by Coast Tsimshian and Witsuwit'en, in the east by Dakelh and Sekani, and in the north by Tahltan (the latter four of these being Athabaskan languages).

scholarly journals Five-Year Climatology of Local Convections in the Dabie Mountains

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1246
Author(s):  
Linlin Zheng ◽  
Jianhua Sun ◽  
Xuexing Qiu ◽  
Zuxiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Dabie Mountains ◽  
The South ◽  
Southerly Wind ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
The North ◽  
Reflectivity Data ◽  
Future Work ◽  
High Winds

Local Convection in Dabie Mountains (LCDM) occurs more frequently over the Dabie Mountains and brings severe weather to adjacent areas. In order to understand the characteristics of LCDM, their spatial distribution, the monthly and diurnal variations, and possible mechanisms are investigated. Based on radar composite reflectivity data over the 5-y period of 2014–2018 during warm seasons (April–September), a total of 195 cases of LCDM are identified. The LCDM exhibits maximum frequency on the windward slopes of the Dabie Mountains with a secondary maximum on lee slopes. It is demonstrated that LCDM peaks in July and August, while their diurnal variation exhibits a major peak in the afternoon during 12:00–16:00 local solar time (LST). Most LCDM does not leave the Dabie Mountains (NoOut-Type), accounting for 89.7% overall, and has an average 3.5 h lifespan. In contrast, the lifespans of Out-Types (i.e., LCDMs that move away from the Dabie Mountains) are longer (5.8 h on average), while most Out-Type LCDMs develop on southern slopes (‘South-Type’) and a few are also reinforced on northern slopes (‘North-Type’). The South-Type mainly produces short-duration heavy precipitation, while the ‘North-Type’ predominately generates thunderstorms high winds. It is suggested that LCDM is thermally induced, and that both the ‘South-Type’ and ‘North-Type’ are controlled by southerly wind perturbation. Lifting by upslope wind and heat sources over windward slopes has led to ‘South-Type’ development, while ascent induced by wave-like perturbations on lee slopes has led to ‘North-Type’. These mechanisms should be further investigated in future work by using field experiments and numerical simulations.

Underground Houses on the British Columbian Coast

1944 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Northern California ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Way

Semi-Subterranean houses with an entrance through the roof are a well known feature of the interior of British Columbia, having been described for the Thompson, the Chilcotin, the Shuswap and others of the upper Fraser River valley. They have, in fact, an even wider distribution east of the Coast and Cascade Ranges, extending south over the Plateau and into northern California. Although this type of dwelling existed among the Aleuts, it appears that the coastal people to the south of them, even in Alaska, were either unfamiliar with the pattern or rejected it in favor of others. Sporadically, along the Pacific Coast all the way from California to Bering Sea, house floors were excavated to varying depths, sometimes even to two levels; but, everywhere, the houses characteristically lack the roof entrance and, except for sweathouses in the south and Bering Sea Eskimo dwellings in the north, even the idea of an earth covering is absent. In view of this fundamental divergence, it is interesting that subterranean structures do appear in several places on the coast of British Columbia.

scholarly journals Dataset for the Solar Incident Radiation and Electricity Production BIPV/BAPV System on the Northern/Southern Façade in Dense Urban Areas

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Hassan Gholami ◽  
Harald Nils Røstvik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Dense Urban Area

The prosperous implementation of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), as well as Building Attached Photovoltaics (BAPV), needs an accurate and detailed assessment of the potential of solar irradiation and electricity production of various commercialised technologies in different orientations on the outer skins of the building. This article presents a dataset for the solar incident radiation and electricity production of PV systems in the north and south orientations in a dense urban area (in the northern hemisphere). The solar incident radiation and the electricity production of two back-to-back PV panels with a ten-centimetre gap for one year are monitored and logged as primary data sources. Using Microsoft Excel, both panels’ efficiency is also presented as a secondary source of data. The implemented PV panels are composed of polycrystalline silicon cells with an efficiency of 16.9%. The results depicted that the actual efficiency of the south-facing panel (13%–15%) is always closer to the standard efficiency of the panel compared to the actual efficiency of the north-facing panel (8%–12%). Moreover, although the efficiency of the south-facing panel on sunny days of the year is almost constant, the efficiency of the north-facing panel decreases significantly in winter. This phenomenon might be linked to the spectral response of the polycrystalline silicon cells and different incident solar radiation spectrum on the panels. While the monitored data cover the radiation and system electricity production in various air conditions, the analysis is mainly conducted for sunny days, and more investigation is needed to analyse the system performance in other weather conditions (like cloudy and overcast skies). The presented database could be used to analyse the performance of polycrystalline silicon PV panels and their operational efficiency in a dense urban area and for different orientations.

The movement of water from peatland into surrounding groundwater

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet R. Keough ◽  
Richard W. Pippen
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
The South ◽  
Chamaedaphne Calyculata ◽  
The North ◽  
Outlet Stream ◽  
Glacial Outwash

The flow of groundwater between and out of two adjacent bogs in southwest Michigan was investigated. Both wetlands are kettlelike depressions located in a complex upland covered by glacial outwash and till. Neither bog has an inlet or outlet stream. Their vegetation is typical of bogs, dominated by Sphagnum spp., Chamaedaphne calyculata, and Vaccinium corymbosum; however, only the south bog is forested with Larix lancina. The water table within the study area slopes through the north bog to the south bog. Both wetland surfaces are somewhat elevated above the surrounding groundwater and surrounded by "lagg" zones. The groundwater table around the bogs is only slightly affected by heavy precipitation, and water table fluctuations are least on the downslope side of each bog. Alkalinity, pH, and Ca2+ generally decrease from north of the north bog to the south end of the south bog. This is evidence that groundwater is moving down gradient through both bogs and that waters seeping out of the wetlands locally change the chemical nature of surrounding groundwater.

Two major Wisconsin lithostratigraphic units in southwest British Columbia

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1471-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Armstrong ◽  
J. J. Clague
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
The South ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
The North ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Part Plant ◽  
North End

Two lithostratigraphic units, Quadra Sand and the Cowichan Head Formation, are overlain by Vashon till and associated glacial sediments and underlain by Dashwood and Semiahmoo drift deposits in coastal southwest British Columbia. Each unit is formally described and stratotypes are presented.Quadra Sand consists of cross-stratified, well-sorted sand, minor gravel, and silt deposited as outwash in front of glaciers advancing into the Georgia Depression at the beginning of the Fraser Glaciation. It is diachronous, deposition having commenced earlier than 29 000 years BP at the north end of the Georgia Depression but not until after 15 000 years BP at the south end of the Puget Lowland.The Cowichan Head Formation, deposited during the Olympia nonglacial interval, underlies Quadra Sand and consists of parallel-bedded silt, sand, and gravel, in part plant-bearing. The unit is divisible into a lower marine member and an upper fluvial and estuarine member.

Preliminary paleomagnetic results from the Permian Asitka Group, British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1490-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Irving ◽  
J. W. H. Monger
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North American ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Latitudinal Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
North American Craton

Tuffs, rhyolites, and basalts collected at seven sites (25 samples) in the Early Permian Asitka Group of Stikinia have similar paleomagnetic inclinations, and corresponding paleolatitudes of 23 ± 6, 21 ± 4, and 23 ± 5 °respectively. Both polarities occur, so the paleolatitudes could be either north or south of the paleoequator, although the polarity bias favours the former option. The paleolatitude expected for the sampling region is 27 ± 4°N. Adopting the paleomagnetically more probable northern option, the mean displacement relative to the North American craton is 5 ± 6°, indicating that Stikinia was in much the same latitudinal position relative to the craton during the Early Permian as it is at present, although possibly somewhat to the south. The declinations are in poor agreement, indicating that relative rotations occurred in this faulted terrane.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.

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