FLOW-PRESSURE RELATIONS IN CALCIUM-SOAP–OIL SYSTEMS

1946 ◽  
Vol 24b (3) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Varying Viscosity

Flow–pressure relations have been determined for suspensions of calcium soaps in mineral oils of varying viscosity and viscosity index. The effect of small amounts of reagents on the character of these curves is very marked. The addition of water generally increases the yield value of the system without affecting the mobility, while solvents for calcium soaps tend to change the mobility without altering the yield value.

SEDIMENTATION VOLUMES AND RIGIDITY IN SUSPENSIONS OF SODIUM SOAPS IN MINERAL OILS

1944 ◽  
Vol 22b (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Equilibrium Sedimentation ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Sedimentation Volume ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Branched Chains

The equilibrium sedimentation volumes of sodium soaps in suspension in mineral oils have been measured. The sedimentation volume increases greatly with decrease in viscosity index of the oil. Flow–pressure relations, determined with a torsional viscosimeter, show that suspensions with large sedimentation volumes possess rigidity, whereas the flow is Newtonian in suspensions having small sedimentation volumes. Variation in sedimentation volume is therefore caused by difference in the tendency toward agglomeration or attraction between particles, leading to the formation of branched chains and scaffolding structures, with consequently greater sedimentation volumes.

Use of Polymers in Viscosity Index Modification of Mineral Oils and Pour Point Depression of Vegetable Oils

2017 ◽  
pp. 61-89
Author(s):  
Dogan Grunberg ◽  
Mert Arca ◽  
Dan Vargo ◽  
Sevim Z. Erhan ◽  
Brajendra K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Mineral Oils

scholarly journals Forecasting the quality of mineral oils during oil refining according to the fuel and oil flow chart at Atyrau Refinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Aigul Bukanova ◽  
Fazilat Kayrliyeva ◽  
Saule Bukanova ◽  
Nagima Karabassova ◽  
Lydia Sakipova
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Vacuum Gasoil ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses the problem of rational oil refining at Atyrau Refinery. Based on a detailed study of the properties of low-sulfur oils of Kazakhstan, in order to assess the potential for the selection of petroleum oils, effective refining methods with modern technologies are shown. A graph is given that allows us to assess the raw mate-rial potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan for lube fractions of oil. The potential reserve of the considered deposits can fully meet the needs of the Republic in oils. The physical and chemical properties of crude oil sup-plied to Atyrau refinery, with a view to their use as raw materi-als for the oil refining and production. The results of experiments on hydrocracking of the plant’s vacuum gasoil are also presented, indicating that this refining option allows you to obtain not only light distillates (gasoline and diesel fuel), but also excellent base oils. This can significantly advance the oil refining in the enterprise as a whole. On the basis of experimental studies, the correlation dependence of the viscosity index on the hydrocarbon-type composition of oils was revealed, which allows predicting the quality of the resulting product.

WETTING POWER IN CALCIUM-SOAP–OIL SYSTEMS

1944 ◽  
Vol 22b (6) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Calcium Stearate ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Special Means ◽  
Wetting Power ◽  
Water Glycerol ◽  
Sedimentation Volume ◽  
Measured Water

Contact angles of various mineral oils and water on relatively polar and non-polar calcium stearate surfaces prepared by special means were measured. Pre-moistening of the soap surface with small quantities of water decreased the subsequent contact angle against oil. The effect of the polarity of the oil was determined, and the action of water in the system is discussed.The sedimentation volume of calcium stearate in mineral oil, with and without various added materials, was measured. Water, glycerol, and alcohol effected an agglomeration of the suspended soap, and less polar liquids had no effect. Fatty acid in small quantities brought about a swelling of the soap at room temperature. The relation between wetting power and sedimentation volume is discussed.

SURFACE TENSION OF SODIUM SOAP DISPERSIONS IN MINERAL OILS

1943 ◽  
Vol 21b (11) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Polarity

The surface tension of sodium stearate and sodium oleate dispersions in mineral oils of high and low viscosity index has been measured over a wide range of temperature. In dispersions in the non-polar oil, no surface activity is shown by the soap until the full melting point is reached. In dispersions in an oil of relatively high polarity, surface activity is shown at much lower temperatures corresponding to partial melting points of the soaps. The ability of the soap to lower the surface tension is dependent on the degree of dispersion of the soap, and the relation of surface activity to physical states and phase transitions, previously determined by the authors, is discussed. The addition of glycerol increases the surface activity at a given concentration, but the temperature at which surface activity is attained remains unaffected. Excess fatty acid acts similarly to glycerol; excess alkali decreases surface activity.

THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CACTUS AND MINERAL OIL BLENDS USING FOUR-BALL TRIBOTESTER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan ◽  
S. Syahrullail ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Commercial Lubricant

The oil derived from vegetables has been seen as an alternative to mineral oils for lubricants because of certain inherent technical properties, renewable source and their abilities to biodegrade. Vegetable oil is known to have a high viscosity index with a higher lubricity value compared to mineral oil. Despite its potentiality as a candidate alternative, vegetable oil has several limitations. It has a low wear resistance, and it is highly sensitive to temperatures with tribological characteristics. The majority of technical solutions, including additivation, chemical alterations, and blending, are being proposed as means of overcoming the listed limitations. This study seeks to investigate the characteristics of cactus oil with respect to its use as a bio-lubricant as well as the characteristics of environmentally friendly vegetable oil when they are mixed with mineral oils as alternative oil for petroleum, using the four-ball tribotester. The volumetric blending ratio was varied (20% to 80%) and these blends were performed at 1200 rpm, for one hour, with 40 kg of load at a temperature of 75ºC (ASTM D4172-B) standard. According to the results, it was found that the lowest wear scar diameter was 431.23µm, which was identified in the blend of 20% cactus oil with 80% mineral oil which symbolized by (CC20%), compared to that of neat cactus oil at 669.16 µm and mineral oil at 546.46 µm.In addition, the result also indicates that a 80% addition of cactus oil, the coefficient of friction tends to decrease compared to the values of neat cactus oil. Finally, it is concluded, the blends of cactus oil with commercial lubricant oil have better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or neat cactus oil.

Synthesis and lubricating properties of neopentyl glycol oligoesters based on rapeseed oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezhong Liao ◽  
Jieyu He ◽  
Lixin Mao ◽  
Yixue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neopentyl Glycol ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Purpose – The aim of this work is to synthesize neopentyl glycol oligoesters based on adipic acid and rapeseed oil (NOAR) which may be used as the renewable and environmentally acceptable base fluids to replace mineral oils in the future. Design/methodology/approach – Oligomeric intermediates were synthesized in the first esterification of neopentyl glycol with adipic acid and characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) to calculate the average oligomerisation degree. NOAR were synthesized in the second esterification of oligomeric intermediates with rapeseed oil fatty acid. The effects of average oligomerisation degree on the viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, oxidative stability and biodegradability of NOAR were investigated; the tribological properties and thermal stability of NOAR were evaluated by four-ball tribometer and TGA, respectively. Findings – Results show that with the increase of average oligomerisation degree from 2.10 to 4.34, the viscosity of NOAR increased from 101.1 to 182.0 (mm2/s) at 40°C and 18.3 to 30.1 (mm2/s) at 100°, respectively, and their oxidation stability can be improved as well. The yields of NOAR were 83.3-89.4 per cent, and the evaluated properties were as follows: viscosity index of over 200, pour point of below −43°C, biodegradation rate of more than 96 per cent, maximum non-seizure load (PB value) of 784 N, wear scar diameters of 0.40 mm and thermal decomposition temperature of higher than 300°C. Originality/value – This work provides a method to synthesize rapeseed oil-based oligoesters which can serve as the renewable and environmentally acceptable base fluids with tunable viscosity by controlling the oligomerisation degree of esterification.

Rheometric Studies of New Class Ionic Liquid Nanolubricants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Dennis A. Siginer
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
New Class ◽  
Materials Used

The traditional lubricating materials used in space, such as mineral oils, polyol ester, PFPE, Pennzane, etc. have limited lifetimes in vacuum due to the catalytic degradation on metal surfaces, high vaporization at high temperatures, dewetting, and other disadvantages. The lubricants for the space applications must have vacuum stability (i.e. low vapor pressure), high viscosity index (wide liquid range), low creep tendency, good elastohydrodynamic and boundary lubrication properties, radiation atomic oxygen resistance, optical or infrared transparency. Thermophysical and chemical analyses are another important required set of tests for the newly developed space lubricants. Some of these properties for liquid lubricants are base oil and additive volatility, creep, surface tension, viscosity, chemical composition, weight loss, density, vapor pressure, etc. Unfortunately, the properties such as non-linearity in the rheological behavior of the lubricants were not studied well for newly developed systems. The rheological properties are crucial to analyzing thermodynamic and energy dissipative aspects of the lubrication process. The rheological measurements for the newly developed ionic liquid nanolubricant were conducted using rotational rheometer AES G-2 of “parallel-plates” mode.

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