WETTING POWER IN CALCIUM-SOAP–OIL SYSTEMS

1944 ◽  
Vol 22b (6) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Calcium Stearate ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Special Means ◽  
Wetting Power ◽  
Water Glycerol ◽  
Sedimentation Volume ◽  
Measured Water

Contact angles of various mineral oils and water on relatively polar and non-polar calcium stearate surfaces prepared by special means were measured. Pre-moistening of the soap surface with small quantities of water decreased the subsequent contact angle against oil. The effect of the polarity of the oil was determined, and the action of water in the system is discussed.The sedimentation volume of calcium stearate in mineral oil, with and without various added materials, was measured. Water, glycerol, and alcohol effected an agglomeration of the suspended soap, and less polar liquids had no effect. Fatty acid in small quantities brought about a swelling of the soap at room temperature. The relation between wetting power and sedimentation volume is discussed.

FLOW-PRESSURE RELATIONS IN CALCIUM-SOAP–OIL SYSTEMS

1946 ◽  
Vol 24b (3) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Varying Viscosity

Flow–pressure relations have been determined for suspensions of calcium soaps in mineral oils of varying viscosity and viscosity index. The effect of small amounts of reagents on the character of these curves is very marked. The addition of water generally increases the yield value of the system without affecting the mobility, while solvents for calcium soaps tend to change the mobility without altering the yield value.

Measurement of contact angles at room temperature in high magnetic field

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 115110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjun Li ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
Rui Guo ◽  
Shengya He ◽  
Weidong Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Magnetic Field ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Contact Angles

scholarly journals Photo-Induced Super-hydrophilic Thin Films on Quartz Glass by UV Irradiation of Precursor Films Involving a Ti(IV) Complex at Room Temperature

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Jung Wu ◽  
Kota Tanabe ◽  
Hiroki Nagai ◽  
Mitsunobu Sato
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Quartz Glass ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Precursor Film ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
Molecular Precursor

Photo-induced super-hydrophilic thin films were fabricated on a quartz glass substrate by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of a molecular precursor film at room temperature. A molecular precursor film exhibiting high solubility to both ethanol and water was obtained by spin-coating a solution involving a Ti(IV) complex; this complex was prepared by the reaction of Ti(IV) alkoxide with butylammonium hydrogen oxalate and hydrogen peroxide in ethanol. Transparent and well-adhered amorphous thin films of 160–170 nm thickness were obtained by weak UV irradiation (4 mW·cm−2 at 254 nm) of the precursor films for over 4 h at room temperature. The resultant thin films exhibiting low refractive indices of 1.78–1.79 were mechanically robust and water-insoluble. The chemical components of the thin films were examined by means of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, focusing on the presence of the original ligands. The super-hydrophilic properties (evaluated based on the water contact angles on the surfaces) of the thin films after being kept in a dark condition overnight emerged when the aforementioned UV-light irradiation was performed for 10 min. It was additionally clarified that the super-hydrophilicity can be photo-induced repeatedly by UV irradiation for 10 min (indicated by a contact angle smaller than 4°) even after the hydrophilic level of the thin films had once been lowered by being in a dark condition for 4 h.

Nano Effects of Helium Plasma Treatment Carbon Nanotubes Coating Basalt Filament

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 722-727
Author(s):  
J.N. Huang ◽  
Ying Chen Zhang ◽  
H.Y. Wu ◽  
Y.P. Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Oxygen Plasma Treatment ◽  
Helium Plasma

The plasticity of APPJ treatment on microstructure and tensile deformation of carbon nanotube coating basalt fiber in the dynamic states was investigated by specialized tensile testing at room temperature. With the addition of low-temperature helium plasma treatment, Young's modulus and yield stress changed. It was found that micro-structural parameter such as the activation volume was important descriptors for carbon nanotube coating basalt fiber and inter-phase effect on strength. The different APPJ treatments on the carbon nanotube coating basalt fiber showed the change rate sensitivity. Results revealed that APPJ treatment carbon nanotube coating basalt fiber and the inter-phase would enhance the ductility of basalt at room temperature. From the SEM micrographs, an increase in surface roughness has been observed and the degree of fibrillation decreased after helium and oxygen plasma treatment. Contact angle analysis showed taht the treated Basalt filament had lower contact angles than the untreated one. Based on FTIR results, the change of wettability and surface energy depended the amount of polar functional groups on the fiber surface introduced by the treatments.

Nucleation, growth, and aggregation of gold on polyimide surfaces

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3673-3683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Travaly ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
R. Pfeffer ◽  
K. Uhrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Thin Film Growth ◽  
Hole Filling ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Au Film ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Pi System ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The growth of ultrathin gold films on polyimide (PI) surfaces and the stability of the films upon thermal annealing have been studied using a combination of various techniques. With scanning electron microscopy (SEM) we observe that, at room temperature, the Au film initially grows by nucleation of compact Au islands. With increasing metal coverage, the clusters partially agglomerate to produce a wormlike structure. Finally, percolation, hole-filling, and continuous thin-film growth are observed. To evaluate the thermal stability of the Au/PI system, annealing at various temperatures was performed on films that displayed the wormlike structure. SEM results indicate strong temperature-dependent changes in film morphology. Finally, from our SEM data we determine contact angles, allowing us to estimate interfacial and adhesion energies.

scholarly journals Sustainable and recyclable palladium nanoparticles–catalyzed reduction of nitroaromatics in water/glycerol at room temperature

2020 ◽  
pp. 174751982093947
Author(s):  
Bencai Dai ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Changchun Liu ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Zhihao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Palladium Nanoparticles ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Water Glycerol ◽  
Low Consumption

Palladium nanoparticles with unique catalytic activity and high stability are synthesized. These nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic reduction activity for nitroaromatics in green solvents in the presence of H2 at ambient pressure and temperature. The prominent advantages of this nanotechnology include low consumption of catalyst, excellent chemoselectivity, high reusability of the catalyst, and environmentally green solvents.

THE STATE OF DISPERSION OF CALCIUM STEARATE IN MINERAL OILS

1944 ◽  
Vol 22b (6) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Partial Melting ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
The State ◽  
Calcium Stearate ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Temperature Relation ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Mesomorphic State ◽  
High Degree

Calcium stearate undergoes a partial melting to a mesomorphic state at about 100 °C, as shown by discontinuities in the density–temperature relation and in differential cooling measurements, and by the onset of plasticity. No surface activity is exhibited by the soap in mineral oil, even in the mesomorphic state. Calcium stearate dispersions in a non-polar mineral oil are essentially lyophobic up to 180 °C, whereas the soap is dispersed to a sol in more polar oils at a temperature slightly above the partial melting point.The viscosity of these dispersions, measured over a range of temperatures in a variable-pressure efflux viscosimeter shows unusual characteristics. A maximum viscosity at intermediate temperatures was found, accompanied by a high degree of dilatancy. The presence of water is shown to lower the viscosity and destroy dilatancy by agglomeration of the dispersed soap.

scholarly journals GROWTH DEPRESSING FACTORS IN RAPESEED OILMEAL.: IV. COMPARATIVE FEEDING VALUES OF ARGENTINE AND POLISH TYPES AND THE EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTARY AUREOMYCIN, FISHMEAL, LYSINE, IODIDE AND THYROID-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Calcium Stearate ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Active Substances

Two experiments were carried out to compare the feeding values of oilmeals derived from Argentine and Polish types of rape. In the first, four rapeseed oilmeal samples were used: (1) new oilmeal representing a commercial mixture of approximately equal parts of both types; (2) old oilmeal, predominantly of Argentine type and which had been stored five years at room temperature in a porous container; (3) Argentine type, and (4) Polish type. According to a factorial design, each oilmeal was tested as either the entire protein supplement, in a 25 per cent protein ration, or as half the supplement along with either linseed oilmeal or skimmilk powder. As cross treatments with each of these 12 rations the following were tested: (1) nil; (2) 0.01 per cent iodinated casein; (3) 20 p.p.m. aureomycin, and (4) iodinated casein plus aureomycin.In the second experiment, three ’goitrogenic’ basal diets were used: (1) soybean oilmeal and linseed oilmeal with 0.15 per cent dl-5-vinyl-2-thiooxazolidone; (2) Argentine rapeseed oilmeal, and (3) Polish rapeseed oilmeal. Three subtreatments were superimposed on each of these: (1) nil; (2) 5 per cent fishmeal, and (3) 0.5 per cent dl-lysine. Cross-treatments of (1) nil, (2)0.02 per cent iodinated casein, (3) 0.0002 percent sodium 1-thyroxine, and (4) 0.014 per cent iodine as KI-calcium stearate were also investigated.The tests involved 252 male mice with records on their gains and individual feed intakes.No marked differences were found between kinds of rapeseed oilmeal. The Argentine and Polish types had 0.4 and 0.3 per cent allyl isothiocyanate equivalent, respectively. Neither linseed oilmeal, skimmilk powder, fishmeal nor lysine proved beneficial at the levels of rapeseed oilmeal tested, but the latter two modified the response to thyroid supplements.Iodinated casein, thyroxine and iodide were likewise ineffective against the growth-depressing factor in rapeseed oilmeal. These findings are discussed in relation to apparently opposing results from other investigators.

Chemical Resistant Improvement of Natural Rubber and Nitrile Gloves by Coating with Hydrophobic Film

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 741-744
Author(s):  
N. Atthi ◽  
O. Nimittrakoolchai ◽  
W. Jeamsaksiri ◽  
Sitthisuntorn Supothina
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Silica Nanoparticle ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Pt Catalyst ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Latex Gloves

In this paper, we report innovative gloves that are coated with hydrophobic film such that the outer surface of the gloves is hydrophobic. A coating precursor containing polymethyl hydrogensiloxane, silica nanoparticle, semifluorinated silane and Pt-catalyst was painted onto the gloves. The coated gloves were kept at room temperature for 12 h to make the film dry, and then tested for their chemical resistance with 10 M NaOH, conc. HCl, conc. H2SO4 and conc. HNO3 solutions, as well as the standard buffered solutions (pH = 1, 4, 10, and 12) at 25oC by dropping the chemicals onto the coated gloves. It was found that the nitrile gloves had similar contact angles to the latex gloves when tested with the standard buffered solutions while the nitrile gloves had higher contact angles compared to the latex gloves when tested with different aqueous-based hazardous chemicals. The nitrile gloves coated with the hydrophobic film showed high acid droplet contact angle, leaving behind much lesser damage from hazardous chemicals.

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