Rheometric Studies of New Class Ionic Liquid Nanolubricants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Dennis A. Siginer
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
New Class ◽  
Materials Used

The traditional lubricating materials used in space, such as mineral oils, polyol ester, PFPE, Pennzane, etc. have limited lifetimes in vacuum due to the catalytic degradation on metal surfaces, high vaporization at high temperatures, dewetting, and other disadvantages. The lubricants for the space applications must have vacuum stability (i.e. low vapor pressure), high viscosity index (wide liquid range), low creep tendency, good elastohydrodynamic and boundary lubrication properties, radiation atomic oxygen resistance, optical or infrared transparency. Thermophysical and chemical analyses are another important required set of tests for the newly developed space lubricants. Some of these properties for liquid lubricants are base oil and additive volatility, creep, surface tension, viscosity, chemical composition, weight loss, density, vapor pressure, etc. Unfortunately, the properties such as non-linearity in the rheological behavior of the lubricants were not studied well for newly developed systems. The rheological properties are crucial to analyzing thermodynamic and energy dissipative aspects of the lubrication process. The rheological measurements for the newly developed ionic liquid nanolubricant were conducted using rotational rheometer AES G-2 of “parallel-plates” mode.

scholarly journals Computational solvation analysis of biomolecules in aqueous ionic liquid mixtures

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Zeindlhofer ◽  
Christian Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
New Class ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Based on their tunable properties, ionic liquids attracted significant interest to replace conventional, organic solvents in biomolecular applications. Following a Gartner cycle, the expectations on this new class of solvents dropped after the initial hype due to the high viscosity, hydrolysis, and toxicity problems as well as their high cost. Since not all possible combinations of cations and anions can be tested experimentally, fundamental knowledge on the interaction of the ionic liquid ions with water and with biomolecules is mandatory to optimize the solvation behavior, the biodegradability, and the costs of the ionic liquid. Here, we report on current computational approaches to characterize the impact of the ionic liquid ions on the structure and dynamics of the biomolecule and its solvation layer to explore the full potential of ionic liquids.

scholarly journals Hydrocracking diversity in n-dodecane isomerization on Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts and their catalytic performance for hydrodewaxing of lube base oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1752-1763
Author(s):  
Shan-Bin Gao ◽  
Zhen Zhao ◽  
Xue-Feng Lu ◽  
Ke-Bin Chi ◽  
Ai-Jun Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Vacuum Distillate ◽  
Base Oil

AbstractNobel metallic Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts were prepared for hydroisomerization of normal dodecane and hydrodewaxing of heavy waxy lube base oil. The hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane indicated that the Pt/ZSM-23 catalyst preferred to crack the C–C bond near the middle of n-dodecane chain, while the Pt/ZSM-22 catalyst was favorable for breaking the carbon chain near the end of n-dodecane. As a result, more than 2% of light products (gas plus naphtha) and 3% more of heavy lube base oil with low-pour point and high viscosity index were produced on Pt/ZSM-22 than those on Pt/ZSM-23 while using the heavy waxy vacuum distillate oil as feedstock.

THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CACTUS AND MINERAL OIL BLENDS USING FOUR-BALL TRIBOTESTER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan ◽  
S. Syahrullail ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Commercial Lubricant

The oil derived from vegetables has been seen as an alternative to mineral oils for lubricants because of certain inherent technical properties, renewable source and their abilities to biodegrade. Vegetable oil is known to have a high viscosity index with a higher lubricity value compared to mineral oil. Despite its potentiality as a candidate alternative, vegetable oil has several limitations. It has a low wear resistance, and it is highly sensitive to temperatures with tribological characteristics. The majority of technical solutions, including additivation, chemical alterations, and blending, are being proposed as means of overcoming the listed limitations. This study seeks to investigate the characteristics of cactus oil with respect to its use as a bio-lubricant as well as the characteristics of environmentally friendly vegetable oil when they are mixed with mineral oils as alternative oil for petroleum, using the four-ball tribotester. The volumetric blending ratio was varied (20% to 80%) and these blends were performed at 1200 rpm, for one hour, with 40 kg of load at a temperature of 75ºC (ASTM D4172-B) standard. According to the results, it was found that the lowest wear scar diameter was 431.23µm, which was identified in the blend of 20% cactus oil with 80% mineral oil which symbolized by (CC20%), compared to that of neat cactus oil at 669.16 µm and mineral oil at 546.46 µm.In addition, the result also indicates that a 80% addition of cactus oil, the coefficient of friction tends to decrease compared to the values of neat cactus oil. Finally, it is concluded, the blends of cactus oil with commercial lubricant oil have better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or neat cactus oil.

scholarly journals Improvement of Physicochemical Characteristics of Monoepoxide Linoleic Acid Ring Opening for Biolubricant Base Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumat Salimon ◽  
Nadia Salih ◽  
Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
New Class ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction ◽  
Toluene Sulfonic Acid

For environmental reasons, a new class of environmentally acceptable and renewable biolubricant based on vegetable oils is available. In this study, oxirane ring opening reaction of monoepoxide linoleic acid (MEOA) was done by nucleophilic addition of oleic acid (OA) with usingp-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) as a catalyst for synthesis of 9(12)-hydroxy-10(13)-oleoxy-12(9)-octadecanoic acid (HYOOA) and the physicochemical properties of the resulted HYOOA are reported to be used as biolubricant base oils. Optimum conditions of the experiment using D-optimal design to obtain high yield% of HYOOA and lowest OOC% were predicted at OA/MEOA ratio of 0.30 : 1 (w/w), PTSA/MEOA ratio of 0.50 : 1 (w/w), reaction temperature at 110, and reaction time at 4.5 h. The results showed that an increase in the chain length of the midchain ester resulted in the decrease of pour point (PP) , increase of viscosity index (VI) up to 153, and improvement in oxidative stability (OT) to 180.94.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly, High-Performance Fire Retardant Made from Cellulose and Graphite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Leandra P. Santos ◽  
Douglas S. da Silva ◽  
Thais H. Morari ◽  
Fernando Galembeck
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
New Developments ◽  
New Class ◽  
New Material ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Materials Used

Many materials and additives perform well as fire retardants and suppressants, but there is an ever-growing list of unfulfilled demands requiring new developments. This work explores the outstanding dispersant and adhesive performances of cellulose to create a new effective fire-retardant: exfoliated and reassembled graphite (ERG). This is a new 2D polyfunctional material formed by drying aqueous dispersions of graphite and cellulose on wood, canvas, and other lignocellulosic materials, thus producing adherent layers that reduce the damage caused by a flame to the substrates. Visual observation, thermal images and surface temperature measurements reveal fast heat transfer away from the flamed spots, suppressing flare formation. Pinewood coated with ERG underwent standard flame resistance tests in an accredited laboratory, reaching the highest possible class for combustible substrates. The fire-retardant performance of ERG derives from its thermal stability in air and from its ability to transfer heat to the environment, by conduction and radiation. This new material may thus lead a new class of flame-retardant coatings based on a hitherto unexplored mechanism for fire retardation and showing several technical advantages: the precursor dispersions are water-based, the raw materials used are commodities, and the production process can be performed on commonly used equipment with minimal waste.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Minyak Kelapa dan Sawit Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Tribologi Pelumas SAE 40

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dedison Gasni ◽  
KM Abdul Razak ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan ◽  
Muhammad Arif
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari penambahan minyak kelapa dan sawit terhadap sifat fisik dan tribologi pelumas SAE 40. Vegetabel oil, seperti; minyak kelapa dan sawit, memiliki nilai viskositas indek yang tinggi dan sifat pelumasan yang baik terutama didaerah boundary lubrication jika dibandingkan dengan mineral oil (SAE 40). Hal ini disebabkan karena vegetabel oil memiliki kandungan fatty acids yang tidak dimiliki oleh mineral oil. Keunggulan lain dari minyak kelapa dan sawit adanya sifat yang ramah lingkungan karena mudah terurai di alam dan dapat diperbaharui. Pada penelitian ini sifat yang baik dari minyak kelapa dan sawit ini akan dimanfaatkan sebagai zat aditif pada minyak pelumas SAE 40. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap sifat fisik dan tribology dengan penambahan 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% berat dari minyak kelapa dan sawit ke dalam minyak pelumas SAE 40. Pengujian sifat fisik terdiri dari pengukuran viskositas pada temperatur 400C dan 1000C dan viskositas index. Pengujian sifat tribologi untuk menentukan keausan dan koefisien gesek berdasarkan ASTM G99 dengan menggunakan alat uji pin on disk. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa dengan penambahan minyak kelapa dan sawit kedalam minyak pelumas SAE 40 terjadi peningkatan viskositas indeks. Peningkatan viskositas indeks sebanyak  17% dengan penambahan 20% minyak sawit. Terjadi perubahan sifat tribologi dengan penambahan minyak sawit, berupa penurunan keausan dan nilai koefisien gesek dibandingkan dengan penambahan minyak kelapa. This study aims to determine the effect of coconut and palm oils as additives to physical and tribological properties of SAE 40 lubricating oil . Vegetable oils, such as; coconut oil and palm oil, have high viscosity index and good lubrication properties, especially in boundary lubrication compared to mineral oil. This is due to vegetable oil having fatty acids that are not owned by mineral oil. The advantages of coconut oil and palm oil are environmentally friendly properties because they are biodegradable and renewable. In this study, the good properties of coconut and palm oils will be used as additives in SAE 40 lubricating oil. Tests are carried out on the physical and tribological properties with the addition of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of coconut and palm oils into SAE 40 lubricating oil. Physical properties testing consists of measuring viscosity at temperatures of 400C and 1000C and viscosity index. The tribological test is to determine wear and coefficient of friction based on ASTM G99 using a pin on disc test equipment. From the test results,  it was found that coconut and palm oils as additives into SAE 40 lubricating oil could increase in viscosity index. The increase of  the viscosity index was 17% by adding 20% of palm oil. There was a change of tribological properties in the form of decreasing on the wear and the coefficient of friction with the addition of palm oil compare to addition of coconut oil.

FLOW-PRESSURE RELATIONS IN CALCIUM-SOAP–OIL SYSTEMS

1946 ◽  
Vol 24b (3) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Wilfred Gallay ◽  
Ira E. Puddington
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
Varying Viscosity

Flow–pressure relations have been determined for suspensions of calcium soaps in mineral oils of varying viscosity and viscosity index. The effect of small amounts of reagents on the character of these curves is very marked. The addition of water generally increases the yield value of the system without affecting the mobility, while solvents for calcium soaps tend to change the mobility without altering the yield value.

The Study of Thermal Raising and Transmission Torque of High Speed Ball-Screw Lubricated by Different Greases

2015 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Yi Haung ◽  
Chin Chung Wei
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Ball Screw ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Base Oil

Ball screw is a high-precision and high performance linear drive of mechanical elements. The frictional heat of internal components what is very significant impact for platform transmission in high speed and the high axial load and causes the thermal expansion of element. In this research , the influence of different greases on ball screw is investigated in thermal rising of nut and driving torque in high speed and high axial load. A vertical motion platform was used for driving performance test. Thermal rising of nut of ball screw and the variance of transmission torque whose lubricated by high viscosity base oil grease is significant larger than the lower one. High viscosity grease is not easy to carry out the friction heat generated at ball and raceway contact area due to the bad flowing properties. It also has more serious wear occurred at contact area and high friction force, whose causes the large variance of transmission torque.

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