Vesicular–arbuscular endomycorrhizal inoculum production. II. Experiments with maize (Zea mays) and other hosts in nutrient flow culture

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1531-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Elmes ◽  
B. Mosse
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Nutrient Flow ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

Experiments are described that led to a better understanding of nutrient requirements for mycorrhizal development in nutrient flow (NFT) culture. For maize infected with Glomus mosseae, solution P concentration around 0.5 mg L−1 was optimal, giving approximately 50% infection. With more P, infection quickly decreased, and it was also low with only 0.3 mg L−1 P. Critical solution P was thus much lower than for Phaseolus vulgaris infected with Glomus fasciculatum (E3). When rock phosphate was used as P source, solution pH was very important because of its effect on P solubility. Nitrogen source ([Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text]) was important for the same reason. Ca levels also affected mycorrhizal development, the optimum concentration for maize (above 15 mg L−1) being higher than that needed for beans. Maize also had a much higher Fe requirement. The relative merits of rock versus soluble P are discussed. Observations are also are reported on inoculation techniques for NFT and on mycorrhizal infection with other host–endophyte combinations.

Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus Uptake of Chickpea Grown in Northern Syria

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Weber ◽  
Eckhard George ◽  
Douglas P. Beck ◽  
Mohan C. Saxena ◽  
Horst Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

SUMMARYInoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) improved growth of chick-pea (Cicer arielinum L.) and doubled phosphorus (P) uptake at low and intermediate levels of P fertilization in a pot experiment on sterilized low-P calcareous soil. In field experiments at Tel Hadya, northern Syria, growth, shoot P concentration and seed yield of spring-sown chickpea remained unaffected by inoculation with VAMF or by P fertilization. The mycorrhizal infection of chickpea was high (approximately 75% of root length mycorrhizal at the flowering stage) irrespective of inoculation with VAMF or P fertilization and may ensure efficient P uptake under field conditions.

Soilless culture of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae of cereals: effects of nutrient concentration and nitrogen source

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2282-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

The best productions of mycorrhizal roots from cereals in sand culture treated with four ratios of NO3 to NH4 in three concentrations of a balanced nutrient solution (Hewitt's) were (i) maize – Glomus mosseae: 30–50% colonization and 120–150 m of colonized root per plant from full-strength solution with 95–100% NO3-N; (ii) wheat – G. mosseae: 80–90% colonization from 0.1-strength solution and 40–50 m from 0.25-strength solution with 50–100% NO3-N; (iii) maize – Glomus fasciculatum: 70% and 120 m from 0.25-strength solution with 50% NO3-N; and (iv) wheat – G. fasciculatum: 25 – 30% and 10–15 m from 0.1-strength solution with 50 – 100% NH4-N. The highest nutrient strengths eliminated colonization in wheat or reduced numbers of vesicles and arbuscules. Vesicles were predominant at the lowest nutrient strengths. Ammonium reduced mycorrhizosphere pH, colonization, and sporocarp and ectocarpic spore production. Multiple regression showed best colonization with (i) maize – G. mosseae, pH > 7.4, and best vesicle and arbuscule development with root P < 0.1%; (ii) wheat – G. mosseae, pH 7.2–7.7, root P < 0.055%, and root N > 1.07%; (iii) maize – G. fasciculatum, pH 5.6–6.2, root P < 0.08%, and root N > 1.44%; and (iv) wheat – G. fasciculatum, pH 6.7–6.9. Maize – G. mosseae was grown by the nutrient film technique in 0.1-strength solution with NO3 and rock phosphate. Improving the production of the inoculum from hydroponic culture of cereals is discussed.

Initial vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal development of slender wheatgrass on two amended mine spoils

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2241-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Zak ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

The initial vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal development of slender wheatgrass on extracted oil-sands and subalpine coal-mine spoils, amended with either fertilizer, peat, or liquid sewage sludge, was examined. Plants were sampled at 2, 6, and 10 weeks after plant emergence and the level of infection was expressed as length of mycorrhizal root per plant and length of root which contained arbuscules, vesicles, or only hyphae. Mycorrhizal infection of slender wheatgrass on the oil sands was limited to plants on the peat-amended spoil. Infection of plants on the peat-amended oil-sands spoil was detected by 2 weeks. Plants on the subalpine spoil were infected at 2 weeks only on the peat-amended spoil. While slender wheatgrass on the control and fertilizer-amended spoil developed mycorrhizae by 6 weeks, infection was not observed in plants on the sewage-amended spoil until 10 weeks. At 10 weeks, there were no significant differences in lengths of mycorrhizal root per plant among the amendments. Increased P levels in the fertilizer- and sewage-amended subalpine spoil did not suppress VA mycorrhizal development.

Toxicity of soil-applied fungicides and gypsum to the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae in groundnut

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1673-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Parvathi ◽  
K. Venkateswarlu ◽  
A. S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Seed Sowing ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

The effects of four commonly used commercial formulations of contact fungicides (pentachloronitrobenzene, captan, captafol, and mancozeb) and gypsum on the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal development of Glomus mosseae (Nic. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe in groundnut were studied. Drenching the soil with pentachloronitrobenzene or gypsum at the time of seed sowing significantly inhibited the colonization and sporulation by the fungus; the other fungicides were less toxic. Captan, a widely used fungicide, was least inhibitory on development of the fungus. Pentachloronitrobenzene, gypsum, and captafol treatments significantly reduced the plant biomass.

Vesicular–arbuscular endomycorrhizal inoculum production. I. Exploratory experiments with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in nutrient flow culture

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1523-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mosse ◽  
J. P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Nutrient Flow ◽  
Shallow Layer ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

A system is described in which typical vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal infections were produced in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in trays in which the roots were bathed in a shallow layer of recirculating nutrient solution (nutrient film technique, NFT). Infections were compared in solutions containing 1, 3, and 8 mg∙L−1 P, bonemeal, and rock phosphate. The infectivity of the NFT-grown mycorrhizal roots was tested using 1.2, 0.24, and 0.05 g of fresh root inoculum on maize and bean seedlings. The inoculum had good infectivity and even 0.05 g produced 5–10% infection in test seedlings after 6 weeks.

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