Vesicular–arbuscular endomycorrhizal inoculum production. I. Exploratory experiments with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in nutrient flow culture

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1523-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mosse ◽  
J. P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Nutrient Flow ◽  
Shallow Layer ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

A system is described in which typical vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal infections were produced in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in trays in which the roots were bathed in a shallow layer of recirculating nutrient solution (nutrient film technique, NFT). Infections were compared in solutions containing 1, 3, and 8 mg∙L−1 P, bonemeal, and rock phosphate. The infectivity of the NFT-grown mycorrhizal roots was tested using 1.2, 0.24, and 0.05 g of fresh root inoculum on maize and bean seedlings. The inoculum had good infectivity and even 0.05 g produced 5–10% infection in test seedlings after 6 weeks.

Soilless culture of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae of cereals: effects of nutrient concentration and nitrogen source

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2282-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

The best productions of mycorrhizal roots from cereals in sand culture treated with four ratios of NO3 to NH4 in three concentrations of a balanced nutrient solution (Hewitt's) were (i) maize – Glomus mosseae: 30–50% colonization and 120–150 m of colonized root per plant from full-strength solution with 95–100% NO3-N; (ii) wheat – G. mosseae: 80–90% colonization from 0.1-strength solution and 40–50 m from 0.25-strength solution with 50–100% NO3-N; (iii) maize – Glomus fasciculatum: 70% and 120 m from 0.25-strength solution with 50% NO3-N; and (iv) wheat – G. fasciculatum: 25 – 30% and 10–15 m from 0.1-strength solution with 50 – 100% NH4-N. The highest nutrient strengths eliminated colonization in wheat or reduced numbers of vesicles and arbuscules. Vesicles were predominant at the lowest nutrient strengths. Ammonium reduced mycorrhizosphere pH, colonization, and sporocarp and ectocarpic spore production. Multiple regression showed best colonization with (i) maize – G. mosseae, pH > 7.4, and best vesicle and arbuscule development with root P < 0.1%; (ii) wheat – G. mosseae, pH 7.2–7.7, root P < 0.055%, and root N > 1.07%; (iii) maize – G. fasciculatum, pH 5.6–6.2, root P < 0.08%, and root N > 1.44%; and (iv) wheat – G. fasciculatum, pH 6.7–6.9. Maize – G. mosseae was grown by the nutrient film technique in 0.1-strength solution with NO3 and rock phosphate. Improving the production of the inoculum from hydroponic culture of cereals is discussed.

Vesicular–arbuscular endomycorrhizal inoculum production. II. Experiments with maize (Zea mays) and other hosts in nutrient flow culture

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1531-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Elmes ◽  
B. Mosse
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Nutrient Flow ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

Experiments are described that led to a better understanding of nutrient requirements for mycorrhizal development in nutrient flow (NFT) culture. For maize infected with Glomus mosseae, solution P concentration around 0.5 mg L−1 was optimal, giving approximately 50% infection. With more P, infection quickly decreased, and it was also low with only 0.3 mg L−1 P. Critical solution P was thus much lower than for Phaseolus vulgaris infected with Glomus fasciculatum (E3). When rock phosphate was used as P source, solution pH was very important because of its effect on P solubility. Nitrogen source ([Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text]) was important for the same reason. Ca levels also affected mycorrhizal development, the optimum concentration for maize (above 15 mg L−1) being higher than that needed for beans. Maize also had a much higher Fe requirement. The relative merits of rock versus soluble P are discussed. Observations are also are reported on inoculation techniques for NFT and on mycorrhizal infection with other host–endophyte combinations.

scholarly journals Internet Of Things (IoT) In Water Quality Monitoring Systems And Nutrition In Hydroponic Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 676-684
Author(s):  
Irawati Irawati ◽  
Diar Irmawati ◽  
M. Ganda Arya Permana ◽  
Mohamad Riziq Amri
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Dissolved Nutrients ◽  
Shallow Layer ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique

Abstract Population is growing every year. This has an impact on the reduction of agricultural land to cultivate crops. This study aims to combine a concept that aims to expand the benefits of continuously connected internet connectivity. Based on the long term, the narrowing of agricultural land will have an impact on the scarcity of hydroponic NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) is a model of cultivation by putting the roots of plants in a shallow layer of water. The water is circulated and contains nutrients according to the needs of plants. This study combines hydroponic plants with the help of Internet of Things (IoT) technology using hydroponic planting techniques. Rooting can develop in a nutrient solution, because around rooting there is a layer of nutrient solution then the system is known as NFT. Excess water reduces the amount of oxygen and dissolved nutrients. The use of a manual measuring instrument is actually time-consuming if the owner is busy. Based on this background, the author got the idea to create a system of monitoring water quality and nutrients in hydroponic plants that can be accessed through a mobile phone.

Malathion Absorption, Translocation, and Conversion to Malaoxon in Bean Plants

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali El-Refai ◽  
T L Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Bean Leaves

Abstract Malathion deposits on bean plant leaves, Phaseolus vulgaris, decreased 50% in 2 days under controlled environmental conditions. The decrease was initially more rapid from leaves than from glass surfaces, due to combined evaporation and absorption, but later the cuticular residues became more persistent. Five per cent of the malathion deposit was absorbed within a few minutes after application to bean leaves and declined to 0.4% by 10 days. Malathion degradation products accumulating on both glass and leaf surfaces were similar and included small amounts of malaoxon and an unknown cholinesterase inhibitor. Malathion is not translocated to any great extent in bean plants, but penetrates from the surface into the interior of the leaf and also from a nutrient solution into the root. Small malaoxon residues also accumulated in roots and foliage.

scholarly journals Modificações morfologicas adaptativas nas folhas de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sob condições de sol e sombra

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Vera Maria Medeiros ◽  
Vanoli José Xavier Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Sun Light

This work was realized with the first central trifoliate leaves of the kidney bean plants, grown in two diferent light conditions: under darkness and under sun light.The amount of 20 plants, per treatment, grown in containers with the some kind of soil, wich land nutrient solution and water quantity were the some in both treatments.The measures were realized 10 days after the first trifoliate leaves had appeared.Through the valuations of the stomatic density, stomatic average percentualy per each epiderm, mesofilo thickness and vascular bundle was verified the quantitative effect of the darkness and sun light on this four items.In this work it was also verified the leaves area in each treatment.The leaves grown under the sun light had shown more variatin between the results obtained in each item. (parâmetro)Also the averages obtained in each studied aspect were higher under the sun conditions.The statistic analisis of the averages obtained per treatment revealed that there is meaningful diference between the leaves grown under the darkness and under the sun light.

scholarly journals Soil Application of Effective Microorganisms (EM) Maintains Leaf Photosynthetic Efficiency, Increases Seed Yield and Quality Traits of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Grown on Different Substrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Iriti ◽  
Alessio Scarafoni ◽  
Simon Pierce ◽  
Giulia Castorina ◽  
Sara Vitalini
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bean Plants

EM (effective microorganisms) is a biofertilizer consisting of a mixed culture of potentially beneficial microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of EM treatment on leaf in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII), yield, and macronutrient content of bean plants grown on different substrates (nutrient rich substrate vs. nutrient poor sandy soil) in controlled environmental conditions (pot experiment in greenhouse). EM-treated plants maintained optimum leaf photosynthetic efficiency two weeks longer than the control plants, and increased yield independent of substrate. The levels of seed nutritionally-relevant molecules (proteins, lipids, and starch) were only slightly modified, apart from the protein content, which increased in plants grown in sandy soil. Although EM can be considered a promising and environmentally friendly technology for sustainable agriculture, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of EM, as well as its efficacy under open field conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of boron on growth and mineral composition of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
I. P. Oliveira ◽  
E. Malavolta
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Differential Behaviour ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Nine cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in nutrient solution to study the effect of boron on growth and mineral composition. Data obtained in thie study allowed for the following conclusions: (1) high levels of boron affected plant height, root length, dry weight of tops, dry weight of root, and total dry weight; (2) regression analysis was used to point out differential behaviour among cultivars in relation to boron concentration in nutrient solution; (3) the best mineral concentration in the plant tissue was obtained with application of 0,5 ppm of boron in the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals Investigations on the pathogenicity of Helminthosporium sorokinianum Sacc. in relation to Phaseolus vulgaris L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
Barbara Łacicowa ◽  
Zofia Machowicz
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Root System ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Before And After

The results obtained in pot and field experiments have shown that <i>Helminthosporium sorokinianum</i> is able to infect bean plants. The cotyledons and roots of shoots during the first three weeks of growth are attacked the most frequently. Dark brown spots occur on the above-mentined organs. The infection of roots and cotyledonsof shoots is responsible for gangrene both before and after germination. Infected plants which remain alive only show symptoms of infection in the root system. The infection of roots by <i>H. sorokinianum</i> in older plants is detromental to growth and causes a decrease in the vield obtained from bean plants.

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