Initial vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal development of slender wheatgrass on two amended mine spoils

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2241-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Zak ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

The initial vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal development of slender wheatgrass on extracted oil-sands and subalpine coal-mine spoils, amended with either fertilizer, peat, or liquid sewage sludge, was examined. Plants were sampled at 2, 6, and 10 weeks after plant emergence and the level of infection was expressed as length of mycorrhizal root per plant and length of root which contained arbuscules, vesicles, or only hyphae. Mycorrhizal infection of slender wheatgrass on the oil sands was limited to plants on the peat-amended spoil. Infection of plants on the peat-amended oil-sands spoil was detected by 2 weeks. Plants on the subalpine spoil were infected at 2 weeks only on the peat-amended spoil. While slender wheatgrass on the control and fertilizer-amended spoil developed mycorrhizae by 6 weeks, infection was not observed in plants on the sewage-amended spoil until 10 weeks. At 10 weeks, there were no significant differences in lengths of mycorrhizal root per plant among the amendments. Increased P levels in the fertilizer- and sewage-amended subalpine spoil did not suppress VA mycorrhizal development.

Effects of surface amendation of two mine spoils in Alberta, Canada, on vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal development of slender wheatgrass: a 4-year study

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 798-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Zak ◽  
Dennis Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mine Spoil ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Va Mycorrhizae ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The effects of amendation of two mine spoils (oil sands tailings and a subalpine coal mine spoil) on the development of vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae with Agropyron trachycaulum were examined over 4 years. Each spoil was either amended with peat, fertilizer, or sewage sludge or left unamended. Plants were sampled in late August of the second and fourth growing season and the level of infection expressed as length of mycorrhizal root per 10 cm3 of spoil. Plants on the peat-amended oil sands spoil, as compared with the other treatments, had the highest rates of infection. Infection levels increased in the fertilized plots over the 4 years. Mycorrhizae were not detected in the sewage-amended plots until the 4th year. Infection levels from the amended subalpine spoil did not change significantly between the 2nd and 4th year. Mycorrhizal root lengths were highest in the peat-amended spoil as compared with the control and sewage-treated plots. Rates of infection in the fertilized spoil were not significantly different from the other treatments. The initial application of an amendment to a mine spoil may have significant long-term effects on the development of VA mycorrhizae and the success of a revegetation program. Changes in the mycorrhizal status of plants on these habitats may occur only slowly with time.

scholarly journals MICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND MYCORRHIZAL POTENTIAL OF FOUR OVERBURDEN TYPES USED IN THE RECLAMATION OF EXTRACTED OIL SANDS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DANIELSON ◽  
S. VISSER ◽  
D. PARKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Slender wheatgrass and jack pine were grown in the greenhouse in cores containing a bottom layer of extracted oil sands with four overburdens individually layered over the sand. The overburdens included a muskeg peat, two shallow mineral overburdens and a deep overburden. Mycorrhizal development, microbial respiration and biomass and the degree of decomposition of slender wheatgrass roots in litter bags were determined in each plant species-overburden combination. Both ecto- and vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal inoculum was present in all four overburdens. The symbionts of slender wheatgrass were the "fine endophyte" and Glomus aggregatum. VA development was very low in peat whereas plants in the shallow overburdens became heavily mycorrhizal. Infection did not spread from the overburden layer to roots in the tailing sand. Jack pine roots in the peat and two shallow overburdens were heavily infected after 4 months. The most common symbiont was an ascomycete known as the E-strain. Microbial respiration was highest in the peat and was not influenced by plant species. Microbial biomass was also highest in the peat and much lower in the mineral overburdens. Only in the peat was the amount of microbial biomass larger with slender wheatgrass than with jack pine. Slender wheatgrass roots decomposed most rapidly in the peat overburden and least rapidly in the deep overburden. Key words: Microbial activity, jack pine, slender wheatgrass, mycorrhizae, reclamation, oil sands

Influence of vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizal infection and soil phosphorus level on growth and carbon metabolism of soybean

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2311-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Fredeen ◽  
Norman Terry
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Uptake And Transport

The effect of vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal infection on growth and photosynthesis in nodulated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Hobbit) plants cultured at high and low levels of soil phosphorus (P) was explored in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. The high- and low-P soils were constituted by adding 200 and 40 μg P (KH2PO4) ∙ g−1, respectively, to a low-P soil (8 μg ∙ g−1 bicarbonate extractable P). Mycorrhizal (Glomus fasciculatum Thaxter sensu Gerdemann) and non-mycorrhizal inocula were added to each soil, thereby constituting the two mycorrhizal treatments. In plants grown in low-P soil, VA mycorrhizal infection resulted in higher foliar P concentrations (compared with the nonmycorrhizal treatment) and in significantly greater shoot and nodule dry weights. In plants grown in high-P soil, VA mycorrhizal infection had no significant or consistent effect on shoot or root dry weights or on P concentrations, and decreased nodule weight. Photosynthetic rates were not affected by VA mycorrhizal infection or P treatment. These results suggest that in low P grown plants, VA mycorrhizal infection increased the uptake and transport of P to leaves and that this, in turn, resulted in greater rates of shoot growth via an increased production of photosynthate, not because of an increase in photosynthesis on a leaf are basis but because of an increase in the rate of expansion of the leaf surface.

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