Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of Festuca occidentalis and F. idahoensis

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon E. Pavlick
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Subalpine Meadows ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Glume Length ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
Festuca Idahoensis ◽  
Open Forests

Festuca occidentalis occurs in open forests and glades, always in at least partial shade. In British Columbia it occurs from the U.S.A. border to about latitude 57° N. It has leaf structure, panicle structure, spikelet length, glume length, lemma length, lemma scabrosity, awn length, anther length, and ovary vestiture which are different from F. idahoensis. Festuca idahoensis is found in grasslands (including subalpine meadows) and in openings in dry forests bordering grasslands, always in open, nonshaded situations. In British Columbia it occurs from the U.S.A. border northward to about 51° N. Despite the recent lumping of these two taxa, morphological and ecological evidence strongly suggests that they should be treated as separate species.

Dry forests in the Southern Interior of British Columbia: Historic disturbances and implications for restoration and management

2008 ◽  
Vol 256 (10) ◽  
pp. 1711-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walt Klenner ◽  
Russ Walton ◽  
André Arsenault ◽  
Laurie Kremsater
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Dry Forests

GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG REPRESENTATIVE POPULATIONS OF FIVE CHORISTONEURA SPECIES: C. OCCIDENTALIS, C. RETINIANA, C. BIENNIS, C. LAMBERTIANA, AND C. FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Stock ◽  
P. J. Castrovillo
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Individual Gene ◽  
Starch Gel

AbstractThe genetic make-up of representative populations of five Choristoneura species was compared using starch gel electrophoresis. Species included C. occidentalis Freeman from Idaho, C. biennis Freeman from British Columbia, C. retiniana (Walsingham) (= C. viridis Freeman) from Oregon, C. lambertiana ponderosana Obraztsov from Colorado, and C. fumiferana (Clemens) from Maine. When variation at individual gene loci was examined, intraspecific variation was often as great, and sometimes greater, than interspecific variation and few significant differences were noted among the species. The highest levels of overall genetic similarity occurred among C. occidentalis, C. biennis, and C. retiniana. Relatively greater genetic distances were found between this group and C. lambertiana and C. fumiferana. C. fumiferana was most distantly related to all other groups. Genetic identity values fell within the range more commonly associated with conspecific populations rather than with separate species.

Changes in leaf structure in relation to crown position and tree size of Betula papyrifera within fire-origin stands of interior cedar-hemlock

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1180-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Mark S. Ashton ◽  
Lydia P Olander ◽  
Graeme P Berlyn ◽  
Rajesh Thadani ◽  
Ian R Cameron
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Crown Position ◽  
Large Trees

Dimensions of anatomical and morphological attributes of leaves can influence physiological response to changes in environment over time. Linking structural attributes of leaves to crown position and tree size within naturally developing cohorts of trees can provide a clearer understanding of changes in crown morphology for a species. This study examined leaf anatomy and morphology of Betula papyrifera Marsh. growing in two stages of stand development of interior cedar-hemlock forest, northern British Columbia. Anatomical and morphological measurements of leaves located at six different positions within the crown were made on trees selected from stands that originated 15 years (small tree size) and 145 years (large tree size) after catastrophic fire. Leaf area and mass were measured in the field. Microscopic measures were made in the laboratory of thicknesses of leaves, cuticle, upper and lower epidermis, palisade, and spongy mesophyll. Stomatal density and stomatal aperture lengths were also determined. Leaf anatomy and morphology varied significantly with position in the crown and among size-classes of trees. Changes in leaf anatomy observed among positions within the crown reflect the changing availability of light and moisture experienced during crown development. For both size-classes of tree the largest anatomical dimensions of leaves were at the outer and uppermost parts of the crown, whilst the smallest were at the lower and innermost parts. Foliage of large trees (145 years) exhibit leaf attributes characteristic of the sun-shade dichotomy reported in the literature, but this was not shown for foliage of young saplings (15 years). For the small trees (15 years) the largest leaves were located at the top of the crown while the smallest were located at the bottom. This has been reported for many tropical pioneers but is in contrast to the usual sun-shade dichotomy of temperate pioneers. The large trees (145 years) followed the typical pattern with the smallest leaves at the top of the crown. Information from this study contributes to our understanding of foliar development of tree crowns by demonstrating how leaf structure changes with crown position and tree size under stand competition.Key words: Betula papyrifera, British Columbia, crown development, cuticle thickness, leaf area, palisade mesophyll, paper birch, stand dynamics.

Mixed-severity fire regimes in dry forests of southern interior British Columbia, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K. Heyerdahl ◽  
Ken Lertzman ◽  
Carmen M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Ponderosa Pine Forests ◽  
Fire Scar ◽  
High Severity

Historical fire severity is poorly characterized for dry forests in the interior west of North America. We inferred a multicentury history of fire severity from tree rings in Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) – ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) forests in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada. In 2 ha plots distributed systematically over 1105 ha, we determined the dates of fire scars, indicators of low-severity fire, from 125 trees and inferred dates of even-aged cohorts, potential indicators of high-severity fire, from establishment dates of 1270 trees. Most (76%) of the 41 plots contained fire-scarred trees with a mean plot-composite fire scar interval of 21 years (1700–1900). Most (76%) also contained one or two cohorts. At the plot scale, we inferred that the fire regime at most plots was of mixed severity through time (66%) and at the remaining plots of low (20%), high (10%), or unknown (4%) severity through time. We suggest that across our study area, the fire regime was mixed severity over the past several centuries, with low-severity fires most common and often extensive but small, high-severity disturbances also occasionally occurred. Our results present strong evidence for the importance of mixed-severity fire regimes in which low-severity fires dominate in interior Douglas-fir – ponderosa pine forests in western Canada.

The taxonomy and distribution of Festuca idahoensis in British Columbia and northwestern Washington

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon E. Pavlick
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Cascade Mountains ◽  
Festuca Idahoensis

Plants of Festuca idahoensis from west of the Cascade Mountains in British Columbia and northwestern Washington differ in their leaf morphology and panicle size from those east of the Cascade Mountains. The western plants are recognized as F. idahoensis var. roemeri. The geographic and ecological distribution of the species and a key for distinguishing the two varieties are given.

scholarly journals The McAbee flora of British Columbia and its relation to the Early-Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands flora of the Pacific Northwest

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Dillhoff ◽  
Estella B Leopold ◽  
Steven R Manchester
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Okanagan Highlands ◽  
Angiosperm Pollen

Megafossils and pollen data are used to compare the flora found at the McAbee site, located near the town of Cache Creek, British Columbia, to six other well-collected Eocene lacustrine floras of Washington and western British Columbia. A diverse flora is found at McAbee consisting of at least 87 taxa. Gymnosperms are common, including sixteen separate species, 14 conifers and two ginkgos. A minimum of 67 angiosperm genera are represented in the flora, many yet to be described. The dominant dicotyledonous elements of the leaf assemblage at McAbee include Fagus (also represented by nuts and cupules) with Ulmus and representatives of the Betulaceae, especially Betula and Alnus. The confirmation of Fagus, also rarely found from sites at Princeton, British Columbia, and Republic, Washington, provides the oldest well-documented occurrence of the genus, predating the Early Oligocene records of Fagus previously reported for North America, Asia, and Europe. Data provided by pollen analysis broadens our knowledge of the McAbee flora. Angiosperm pollen typically predominates over gymnosperms with the Ulmoideae and Betulaceae being the most common angiosperm pollen types. Members of the Pinaceae dominate the gymnosperm pollen record. Paleoclimatic estimates for McAbee are slightly cooler than for the Republic and Princeton localities and thermophilic elements, such as Sabal found at Princeton or Ensete and Zamiaceae found at Republic are not known from McAbee.

Corella species in the American Pacific Northwest: distinction of C. inflata Huntsman, 1912 from C. willmeriana Herdman, 1898 (Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1493-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen Lambert ◽  
Charles C. Lambert ◽  
Donald P. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Separate Species

The solitary phlebobranch ascidian Corella inflata, originally described by Huntsman in 1912 but later synonymized with C. willmeriana Herdman, 1898, is now reinstated as a separate species based on comparative morphology of adults, sperm, and tadpoles. Corella inflata is probably largely or completely self-fertilizing, broods its eggs and embryos until well after hatching of the tadpole larvae, and is confined in its distribution to shallow-water (0.1–18 m depth) areas of northwestern Washington and British Columbia. Corella willmeriana appears to be both self- and cross-fertilizing, does not brood its eggs, and is more widespread in distribution, occurring from southern Alaska to southern California and at least as deep as 50 m; it is rarely encountered at the sea surface. The two Corella species differ morphologically from the European Corella parallelogramma and the Japanese C. japonica and C. japonica asamushi. Differential spawning latencies are discussed and the possibility that C. inflata evolved through stasipatric speciation is proposed.

ESTABLISHMENT AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF WHITE SPRUCE IN THE INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
Survival And Growth

Survival and growth of white spruce seedlings and juvenile trees were compared on two seedbeds, three forest sites, and a range of light conditions in the central interior of British Columbia. For germination, the most favourable seedbed was mineral soil in shade on moist and wet sites; for survival, mineral soil, dry habitats, partial shade; for growth, mineral soil, moist habitats, full light exposure.

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