Corella species in the American Pacific Northwest: distinction of C. inflata Huntsman, 1912 from C. willmeriana Herdman, 1898 (Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1493-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen Lambert ◽  
Charles C. Lambert ◽  
Donald P. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Separate Species

The solitary phlebobranch ascidian Corella inflata, originally described by Huntsman in 1912 but later synonymized with C. willmeriana Herdman, 1898, is now reinstated as a separate species based on comparative morphology of adults, sperm, and tadpoles. Corella inflata is probably largely or completely self-fertilizing, broods its eggs and embryos until well after hatching of the tadpole larvae, and is confined in its distribution to shallow-water (0.1–18 m depth) areas of northwestern Washington and British Columbia. Corella willmeriana appears to be both self- and cross-fertilizing, does not brood its eggs, and is more widespread in distribution, occurring from southern Alaska to southern California and at least as deep as 50 m; it is rarely encountered at the sea surface. The two Corella species differ morphologically from the European Corella parallelogramma and the Japanese C. japonica and C. japonica asamushi. Differential spawning latencies are discussed and the possibility that C. inflata evolved through stasipatric speciation is proposed.

scholarly journals Epitypification Carex bolanderi (Cyperaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
James L. Reveal ◽  
Robert F.C. Naczi ◽  
Peter F. Zika
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Sierra Madre Occidental ◽  
Sierra Madre

With the description of Carex infirminervia Naczi (in Naczi et al. 2002: 528) and the summation of Carex sect. Deweyanae (Tuckerman ex Mackenzie 1913: 352) Mackenzie (1931: 114) by Naczi (in Naczi 2002: 321–325), a recent summary of Pacific Northwest sedges (Wilson et al. 2008: 106–107), and the new Jepson Manual (Zika et al. 2012: 1322), the circumscription of C. bolanderi Olney (1868: 393) is now firmly established. As such, C. bolanderi occurs from southern British Columbia to southern California east to Montana, Utah and New Mexico, and then south in the Sierra Madre Occidental through Chihuahua to northern Durango, Mexico. Previous usage of C. bolanderi was somewhat confused both as to its circumscription and to its distribution because of the inclusion of some specimens of C. infirminervia as in the cases of Munz (1959: 1443, 1974: 887) and Mastrogiuseppe (1993: 1122), or when it was included in C. deweyana Schweinitz (1824: 65; e.g., Cronquist 1969: 261, 1977: 158, Taylor 1983: 102).

scholarly journals Douglas-fir radial growth in interior British Columbia can be linked to long-term oscillations in Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueh-Hsin Lo ◽  
Juan A. Blanco ◽  
Biing T. Guan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
The Pacific

A major problem in modern dendrochronology is that the methods traditionally used for linking tree-ring growth data to climate records are not well suited to reconstructing low-frequency climatic variations. In this study, we explored the alternative ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) to detrend tree-ring records and extract climate signals without removing low-frequency information. Tree cores of Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mayr.) Franco were examined in a semi-arid forest in southern interior British Columbia, western Canada. Ring width data were decomposed into five oscillatory components (intrinsic mode functions, IMFs) of increasingly longer periodicities. IMF 1 was considered white noise, IMF 2 was used to create the first diameter growth index (DGI-1), and IMF 3 and IMF 4 were combined to create the second diameter growth index (DGI-2), whereas IMF 5 and the residual term together were considered as the trend term. The highest significant cross-correlations between DGI-1 and the NAOAugust, NIÑO12May, and PDOJanuary indices were found at 1-year lags. DGI-2 had positive and persistent correlations with NAOJune and PDOMay at 0- to 3-year lags and with NAOMay at 2- and 3-year lags. Our results indicate that periods of slow growth in the tree-ring record matched periods of drought in the North American Pacific Northwest. Such water-limiting conditions are likely caused by oscillatory patterns in the Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures that influence precipitation in the Pacific Northwest. These drought events are likely exacerbated by changes in winter precipitation (snowpack) related to oscillations of the Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures, highlighting the ecological effects of both oceans on terrestrial ecosystems. Such relationships could not be easily found by traditional tree-ring analyses that remove some of the low-frequency signal, and therefore, we suggest EEMD as an additional tool to establishing tree growth – climate relationships.

scholarly journals The McAbee flora of British Columbia and its relation to the Early-Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands flora of the Pacific Northwest

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Dillhoff ◽  
Estella B Leopold ◽  
Steven R Manchester
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Okanagan Highlands ◽  
Angiosperm Pollen

Megafossils and pollen data are used to compare the flora found at the McAbee site, located near the town of Cache Creek, British Columbia, to six other well-collected Eocene lacustrine floras of Washington and western British Columbia. A diverse flora is found at McAbee consisting of at least 87 taxa. Gymnosperms are common, including sixteen separate species, 14 conifers and two ginkgos. A minimum of 67 angiosperm genera are represented in the flora, many yet to be described. The dominant dicotyledonous elements of the leaf assemblage at McAbee include Fagus (also represented by nuts and cupules) with Ulmus and representatives of the Betulaceae, especially Betula and Alnus. The confirmation of Fagus, also rarely found from sites at Princeton, British Columbia, and Republic, Washington, provides the oldest well-documented occurrence of the genus, predating the Early Oligocene records of Fagus previously reported for North America, Asia, and Europe. Data provided by pollen analysis broadens our knowledge of the McAbee flora. Angiosperm pollen typically predominates over gymnosperms with the Ulmoideae and Betulaceae being the most common angiosperm pollen types. Members of the Pinaceae dominate the gymnosperm pollen record. Paleoclimatic estimates for McAbee are slightly cooler than for the Republic and Princeton localities and thermophilic elements, such as Sabal found at Princeton or Ensete and Zamiaceae found at Republic are not known from McAbee.

Experiments on Oral Secretion of the Rocky Mountain Wood Tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acarina: Ixodidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gregson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Oral Secretion ◽  
Amblyomma Maculatum ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tick Paralysis ◽  
Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

Tick paralysis continues to be one of the most baffling and fascinating tickborne diseases in Canada. It was first reported in this country by Todd in 1912. Since then about 250 human cases, including 28 deaths, have been recorded from British Columbia. Outbreaks in cattle have affected up to 400 animals at a time, with losses in a herd as high as 65 head. Although the disease is most common in the Pacific northwest, where it is caused by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, it has lately been reported as far south as Florida and has been produced by Dermacentor variabilis Say, Amblyomma maculatum Koch, and A. americanum (L.) (Gregson, 1953). The symptoms include a gradual ascending symmetrical flaccid paralysis. Apparently only man, sheep, cattle, dogs, and buffalo (one known instance) are susceptible, but even these may not necessarily be paralysed.

1999 Pacific Northwest Labor History Association Conference

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 117-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Preferable Alternative ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Academic Conferences

I cannot provide a definitive answer to those of us pondering what the best alternative to capitalism is, but after attending the Pacific Northwest Labor History Association (PNLHA) Conference in Westminster, British Columbia, over the weekend of May 28–30, 1999, I can tell you that this is certainly a preferable alternative to standard academic conferences. As usual, the PNLHA was able to produce a cadre of historians (from the trades as well as academia), active unionists, and old-timers whose memories are as tapable as a keg of beer. Although the association designates labor history as its subject, newly elected President Ross Rieder likes to say, “History ends the moment before now.”

Ediacaran fossils and dubiofossils, Miette Group of Mount Fitzwilliam area, British Columbia

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1541-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Hofmann ◽  
E. W. Mountjoy ◽  
M. W. Teitz
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Carbonate Mounds ◽  
Windermere Supergroup

Shallow-water clastic beds flanking stromatolitic carbonate mounds in the upper part of the Vendian Miette Group (Windermere Supergroup) of the Rocky Mountains contain a poorly preserved, soft-bodied fauna that comprises morphologically very variable discoid remains; these include the taxa Beltanella sp., cf. B. grandis, Charniodiscus? sp., Irridinitus? sp., Nimbia occlusa, Protodipleurosoma sp., cf. P. rugulosum, and Zolotytsia? sp. and seven types of dubiofossils.

Notes on Parathion-Resistant Strains of Two Phytophagous Mites and a Predacious Mite in British Columbia

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. G. Morgan ◽  
N. H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tetranychus Pacificus

The existence of strains of mites resistant to parathion has been well established (Garman, 1950; Lienk, Dean, & Chapman, 1952; Newcomer & Dean, 1952; Smith & Fulton, 1951). Resistant strains of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), first occurred in orchards of the Pacific northwest in 1950 (Newcomer, 1951; O'Neill & Hantsbarger, 1951), approximately three years after parathion was first used as an acaricide. Two other species of orchard mites, the Pacific mite, Tetranychus pacificus McG., and T. mcdanieli McG., were subsequently reported to have developed parathion-resistant strains in the same area (Newcomer & Dean, 1953). Though parathion is lethal to most predacious mites and insects, Huffaker and Kennett (1953) found a difference in tolerance between species of Typhlodromus in the field and in the laboratory: T. reticulatus Oudms. was very susceptible to parathion whereas T. occidentalis Nesbitt was not appreciably affected by it.

Taxonomic affinities and paleogeography of Stromatomorpha californica Smith, a distinctive Upper Triassic reef-adapted demosponge

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Senowbari-Daryan ◽  
G. D. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Northern Calcareous Alps ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Northern Calcareous ◽  
Siliceous Spicules ◽  
Horizontal Layers

Stromatomorpha californica Smith is a massive, calcified, tropical to subtropical organism of the Late Triassic that produced small biostromes and contributed in building some reefs. It comes from the displaced terranes of Cordilleran North America (Eastern Klamath terrane, Alexander terrane, and Wrangellia). This shallow-water organism formed small laminar masses and sometimes patch reefs. It was first referred to the order Spongiomorphidae but was considered to be a coral. Other affinities that have been proposed include hydrozoan, stomatoporoid, sclerosponge, and chambered sponge. Part of the problem was diagenesis that resulted in dissolution of the siliceous spicules and/or replaced them with calcite. Well-preserved dendroclone spicules found during study of newly discovered specimens necessitate an assignment of Stromatomorpha californica to the demosponge order Orchocladina Rauff. Restudy of examples from the Northern Calcareous Alps extends the distribution of this species to the Tethys, where it was an important secondary framework builder in Upper Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) reef complexes. Revisions of Stromatomorpha californica produce much wider pantropical distribution, mirroring paleogeographic patterns revealed for other tropical Triassic taxa. Review of Liassic material from the Jurassic of Morocco, previously assigned to Stromatomorpha californica Smith var. columnaris Le Maitre, cannot be sustained. Species previously included in Stromatomorpha are: S. stylifera Frech (type species, Rhaetian), S. actinostromoides Boiko (Norian), S. californica Smith (Norian), S. concescui Balters (Ladinian-Carnian), S. pamirica Boiko (Norian), S. rhaetica Kühn (Rhaetian), S. stromatoporoides Frech, and S. tenuiramosa Boiko (Norian). Stromatomorpha rhaetica Kühn described from the Rhaetian of Vorarlberg, Austria shows no major difference from S. californica. An example described as S. oncescui Balters from the Ladinian-Carnian of the Rarau Mountains, Romania, is very similar to S. californica in exhibiting similar spicule types. However, because of the greater distance between individual pillars, horizontal layers, and the older age, S. oncescui is retained as a separate species. The net-like and regular skeleton of Spongiomorpha sanpozanensis Yabe and Sugiyama, from the Upper Triassic of Sambosan (Tosa, Japan), suggests a closer alliance with Stromatomorpha, and this taxon possibly could be the same as S. californica.

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