ESTABLISHMENT AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF WHITE SPRUCE IN THE INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
Survival And Growth

Survival and growth of white spruce seedlings and juvenile trees were compared on two seedbeds, three forest sites, and a range of light conditions in the central interior of British Columbia. For germination, the most favourable seedbed was mineral soil in shade on moist and wet sites; for survival, mineral soil, dry habitats, partial shade; for growth, mineral soil, moist habitats, full light exposure.

scholarly journals Effects of substrate availability and competing vegetation on natural regeneration of white spruce on logged boreal mixedwood sites

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola A. Kokkonen ◽  
S. Ellen Macdonald ◽  
Ian Curran ◽  
Simon M. Landhäusser ◽  
Victor J. Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Survival And Growth

Given a seed source, the quality of available substrates is a key factor in determining the success of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) natural regeneration. We examined the influence of substrate and competing vegetation on survival and growth of natural regeneration of white spruce up to 4 years following harvesting in deciduous-dominated upland boreal mixedwood sites. Feather moss, thick soil surface organic layers, litter, and solid wood were poor substrates for establishment. Early successional mosses establishing on mineral soil, thin organics, and rotten wood were generally favourable microsites but were not highly available on postharvest sites. Mineral soil substrates were not as suitable as expected, likely because on a postlogged site, they are associated with unfavourable environmental characteristics (e.g., low nutrient availability, exposure). There was some evidence that survival and growth of seedlings were improved by surrounding vegetation in the first years, but heavy competing vegetation had a negative impact on older seedlings. Burial by aspen litter greatly increased seedling mortality, especially when combined with a brief period of submergence due to heavy spring snowmelt. The results provide insight into conditions under which natural regeneration could be an option for establishing white spruce following harvesting of deciduous-dominated boreal mixedwood forests.

Growth of lodgepole pine and white spruce in the central interior of British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eis ◽  
D. Craigdallie ◽  
C. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Second Growth

Height, diameter, volume growth, crown width, and stocking of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were studied on the three most common forest sites in the central interior of British Columbia, to estimate their potential growth and their suitability for pure or mixed stands in managed second-growth forests established by planting. Spruce only should be planted on moist to wet Alluvium sites; both species appear to be equally suitable on moist Aralia sites, and pine only should be planted on dry to moist Cornus–Moss sites. In mixed forest, suppressed spruce will have little volume at the time of pine harvest. In general, managed, fully stocked second-growth forests should produce greater volume per hectare than the present natural, unmanaged forests.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF WHITE SPRUCE WILDLINGS AND COASTAL NURSERY SEEDLINGS IN THE INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eis
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
First Year ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Second Year

Survival and development of outplanted 2-0 and 2-1 white spruce nursery stock, transplanted 3-0 and 4-0 wildlings and 3-0 and 4-0 undisturbed wildlings are compared. Mortality was negligible in all groups. Planting check caused a 47% reduction in height increment during the first year and 15% during the second year after planting. The height increment was best related to the height growth during the previous year and total height of the planting stock. Insignificant differences were found between plants on undisturbed soil surface and those on exposed mineral soil.

DEVELOPMENT OF WHITE SPRUCE AND ALPINE FIR SEEDLINGS ON CUT-OVER AREAS IN THE CENTRAL INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavoj Eis
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Wilting Point

Germination of white spruce and alpine fir was similar on mineral soil at all forest sites studied and averaged 33 per cent for spruce and 6 per cent for alpine fir.Mortality of seedlings in mineral soil was confined to the period of summer droughts. During this period maximum air temperatures approached 100° F., mineral soil exceeded 120° F. and humus 135° F. Water content of the upper 20 to 40 mm. of mineral soil was reduced below the wilting point and approximately 45 per cent of the seedlings died. The average root length of seedlings which died was 18 mm.; of those which survived, 37 mm. Greatest mortality occurred on fully exposed plots of dry habitats.On undisturbed seedbeds, germination of both species was very low. Seeds remained suspended and had insufficient contact with humic particles. Radicles of seeds which did germinate failed to reach compacted moist horizons. At the depth of root penetration, raw humus was at wilting point a few days after rain. A negligible number of seedlings of either species survived on raw humus to the end of the growing season.Shoot growth of both species ended at the beginning of August, while roots kept increasing in length until late in fall. The depth of root penetration on mineral seedbeds was greatest on sandy soils. At the end of the growing season alpine fir seedlings were larger than spruce seedlings.The main cause of seedling mortality on both types of seedbed appears to be the water deficit in the root zone. Increased mortality on fully exposed plots can be attributed to the direct heating of the living tissue under water stress.

The effect of water table depth on white spruce (Piceaglauca) seedling growth in association with the marsh reed grass (Calamagrostiscanadensis) on wet mineral soil

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1553-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Rivard ◽  
Paul M. Woodard ◽  
Richard L. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Survival And Growth

The effect of water table depth (10, 20, and 40 cm) in association with marsh reed grass (CalamagrostisCanadensis (Michx.) Beauv.) on white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) 2 + 0 seedling survival and growth was tested over a 5-month period. All spruce seedlings grown alone survived, whereas, 16.7% of the trees died when grown with reed grass. The root weight and total weight of spruce seedlings and marsh reed grass were significantly affected by the water table depth. The weight of both components increased as the water table decreased. Over 80% of the roots by weight for both species were found in the upper 10 cm of the soil profile regardless of water table depth. The presence of marsh reed grass significantly affected the growth of spruce seedlings. The nutrient concentration of the white spruce foliage was significantly affected by water table depths and the presence of grass.

Twenty year responses of white spruce to mechanical site preparation and early chemical release in the boreal region of northeastern British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2386-2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob O Boateng ◽  
Jean L Heineman ◽  
John McClarnon ◽  
Lorne Bedford
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Stock Type ◽  
Survival And Growth

The effects of six mechanical site preparation treatments, two stock-type treatments, and early chemical release on survival and growth of planted white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) were studied in the BWBSmw1 biogeoclimatic zone of northeastern British Columbia. After 20 years, spruce height and diameter were larger in all mounding treatments than in the control. Early results suggested better spruce performance on large than small mounds, but after 20 years, growth was equally good on small mounds as on mounds with 20 cm mineral capping. Spruce planted on hinge positions in the Bräcke patch and blade scarification treatments did not survive or grow well. Early chemical release improved spruce growth equally as well as the mounding treatments. Twenty year spruce survival averaged 71% in the 14 and 20 cm mound treatments, 60% in the early chemical release treatment, and ≤35% in the Bräcke patch and blade scarification treatments. A large stock type was also planted in untreated ground and, after 20 years, had similar survival and growth as the standard stock type. Differences in survival had a large effect on basal area at age 20 years. Trend analysis showed that treatments diverged into two distinct groups with regard to spruce size during the 20 year span of the study.

scholarly journals Neoglacial history of Robson Glacier, British Columbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1153-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Luckman ◽  
M.H. Masiokas ◽  
K. Nicolussi
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Canadian Rockies ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subfossil Wood ◽  
Glacier Advance

As glaciers in the Canadian Rockies recede, glacier forefields continue to yield subfossil wood from sites overridden by these glaciers during the Holocene. Robson Glacier in British Columbia formerly extended below tree line, and recession over the last century has progressively revealed a number of buried forest sites that are providing one of the more complete records of glacier history in the Canadian Rockies during the latter half of the Holocene. The glacier was advancing ca. 5.5 km upvalley of the Little Ice Age terminus ca. 5.26 cal ka BP, at sites ca. 2 km upvalley ca. 4.02 cal ka BP and ca. 3.55 cal ka BP, and 0.5–1 km upvalley between 1140 and 1350 A.D. There is also limited evidence based on detrital wood of an additional period of glacier advance ca. 3.24 cal ka BP. This record is more similar to glacier histories further west in British Columbia than elsewhere in the Rockies and provides the first evidence for a post-Hypsithermal glacier advance at ca. 5.26 cal ka BP in the Rockies. The utilization of the wiggle-matching approach using multiple 14C dates from sample locations determined by dendrochronological analyses enabled the recognition of 14C outliers and an increase in the precision and accuracy of the dating of glacier advances.

scholarly journals Survival and growth of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Pisces - Pimelodidae) larvae: effect of photoperiod

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Campagnolo ◽  
A.P.O. Nuñer
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Similar Survival

The survival and the growth of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans larvae exposed to four photoperiods: light:dark (LD) 0:24, LD 10:14, LD 14:10, and LD 24:0, in a brackish water (5‰) culture were analyzed. Larvae were fed with Artemia sp. nauplii at a 500 nauplii/larvae/day ratio. Survival on day 5 was inversely related to the length of photoperiod. From days 5 to 10, intermediate photoperiods resulted in a better survival, although LD 0:24 and LD 14:10 resulted in similar survival on day 10. Larvae presented higher weight at intermediate photoperiods. The results suggested that photoperiod requirements shifted during early development of P. corruscans larvae.

scholarly journals Prunus Africana Provenances Growth and Survival Evaluation in the Highland of Awi zone, Amhara Region, North Western Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Demekristos
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Prunus Africana ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Establishment Rate

The aims of the study were to evaluate seedling growth and survival of Prunus africana provenances in awi highland based on ecological requirement of the tree. We measured survival and growth of three P.africana provenances seedlings found in Ethiopia (provenances sources namely: Gedeo, Jibat and Munnessa). Design of experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Seedlings planted at 2m, 2.5m and 3m distance between plants, plot, and blocks respectively. A plot size of 10mx10m and 25 plants are found per plot (0.01ha). We used ANOVA to test differences in survival, and growth among provenances over time. Results concluded that, provenances have no significant variation among in establishment rate, plant height and collar diameter growth. Of these provenances, Jibat was the first in establishment (56%), second in height (1.97m) and diameter (2.89cm). Gedeo was stood first in height (2.30m) but second in establishment rate (52%) and thickness(3.45cm), but Munessa with very good growth in diameter(3.59cm) might be prefreed for bark extraction followed by Gedeo, last in height (1.75m),but established second (52%). Contrary to expectations, seedlings were still at substantial risk of mortality ≥3 years after planting. Probably the plants survival rate and growth probably affected by altitude, soil water potential, light exposure, and wild animal presence in the surrounding. In steep slope sites, canopy shade, existing weed vegetation as well as wild animals such as apes is unlikely to enhance seedling survival after planting. Our results suggest that seedling mean growth increased with 0.008mm thickness and 0.41mm per day while 2.8mm thickness and 146.8mm tall increment recorded in 2560meter elevated high land or injibara with mean value of 18.5°C and rain fall is 1300mm.

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