scholarly journals An evaluation of total and digestible lysine as a predictor of lysine availability in protein concentrates for young pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Weight Gains

1. Forty pigs between 23 and 51 d of age were given, ad lib., diets containing 7.9 g lysine/kg. The diets contained wheat and one of five protein concentrates: milk, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) meal, cotton-seed (Gossypium herbaceum) meal, meat meal or lupins (Lupinus augustifolius).2. Twenty of the pigs were given an indigestible marker, 103Ru-labelled Tris-(1, 10-phenanthro1ine)-rthenium(II) chloride, between 51 and 56 d of age and were killed at 56 d of age.3. A further forty pigs, between 23 and 51 d of age, were given the same diets supplemented with 3 g L-lysine hydrochloride/kg.4. The weight gains of the pigs given the diets containing 7.9 g lysine/kg (95–153 g/d) were significantly less (P < 0.05) than those of the pigs given the diets containing 10.9 g lysine/kg (274–340 g/d).5. Weight gains of pigs given the diets containing meat meal were less than those of pigs given diets containing milk, peanut meal or lupins.6. Feed conversion ratios decreased and N balances increased with increasing lysine content of the diets.7. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen of the diets containing meat meal and cotton-seed meal were less than those of the other three diets, but there was no effect of lysine content of the diets on these indices.8. The major site of DM and N absorption for the diet containing milk was the duodenum while for the other four protein concentrates the jejunum and ileum were the major absorption sites.9. Apparent digestibility of lysine from the five diets ranged from 0.54 to 0.75. The retention of the apparently absorbed lysine in weight gain was 0.8–0.94, and there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between diets which suggested that the apparent digestibility of lysine could be an indicator of its availability.

scholarly journals The utilization of lysine by young pigs from nine protein concentrates compared with free lysine in young pigs fed ad lib

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leibholz Jane
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Cotton Seed Meal ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. Pigs (n 195) between 21 and 49 d of age were given a basal diet containing wheat, wheat gluten and cotton-seed meal which was supplemented with one of nine protein concentrates or free L-lysine. The diets were given ad lib. in two experiments.2. Increasing the lysine content of the diets from 6.9 to 10.1 g/kg increased the weight gains of the pigs from 89 to 317 g/d in the first experiment. In the second experiment the weight gains were increased from 68 to 213 g/d by increasing the lysine content of the diets from 5.9 to 9.5 g/kg.3. The utilization of lysine from the protein concentrates was compared with the utilization of free L-lysine.4. The utilization of lysine for weight gain compared with free lysine was 0.86–0.88 for meat meals, 0.95–0.99 for soya-bean meal, 0, 69–0.75 for cotton-seed meal, 0.90 for lupins (Lupinus augustifoh) and 0.99 for milk.

scholarly journals The digestion of protein in young pigs and the utilization of dietary methionine

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1.Forty pigs between 23 and 51 d of age were given ad lib. diets containing wheat and one of five protein concentrates: meat meal A, meat meal B, soya-bean meal, milk and lupins (Lupinus augustifolius). Twenty of these pigs were given indigestible markers from 51 to 56 d of age and were killed at 56 d of age.2.The diets containing meat meals A and B, soya-bean meal and milk contained 2.3 g total methionine/kg and the diet containing lupins contained 2.1 g/kg.3.A further forty pigs of the same age were given the same diets supplemented with 1 g synthetic methionine/kg.4.The weight gains and feed conversion ratios of the pigs given the diets containing 2.1–2.3 g methionine and 3.1–3.3 g methionine/kg were not significantly different.5. The weight gains of the pigs given lupins (2.1 g methionine/kg) were less than those of the pigs given the diets containing 2.3 g methionine/kg.6. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen was less for the diets containing the meat meals (0.75 and 0.78 respectively) than for those containing the other protein concentrates (0.80 and 0.84).7.The retention times in the large intestine of the diets containing soya-bean meal and lupins were 965 and 1083 min which were greater than those of the diets containing the other protein concentrates, mean 732 min.8. The major site of N digestion and absorption for the diet containing milk was the area of the small intestine 25–50% of total length from the pylorus, while for the other protein concentrates the major site was 50–75% of its total length from the pylorus.9. The digestion and absorption of N in the large intestine was less (3.4%) for the diet containing milk than for those containing the other protein concentrates (7.5–11.3%).10. The apparent digestibility of the methionine to the ileum for the five diets ranged from 0.74 to 0.86 while the calculated retention of the apparently-absorbed methionine was 1.00. It was suggested that methionine digestibility could be used as an indicator of availability.11. The calculated retention of apparently absorbed N in the carcass was 0.71 for the pigs given the diet containing milk and 0.51–0.58 for the pigs given the other diets.

Digestibility of threonine from protein concentrates for growing pigs. 2. The digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum in pigs given six protein concentrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz ◽  
Y Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Meat Meal

Six male Landrace x Large White pigs (25 kg liveweight) were fitted with T-shape cannulae in the terminal ileum. The pigs were fed 1.2 kg dry matter per day containing 4.5 g threonine/kg of diet from continuous belt feeders. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) to the terminal ileum was 0.91, 0.87, 0.85, 0.81, 0.80 and 0.75 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, meat meal, sunflower meal and cotton seed meal respectively. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen (N) to the terminal ileum was 0.87, 0.87, 0.86, 0.86, 0.81 and 0.74 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, sunflower meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively. The true digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum was 0.96, 0.95, 0.90, 0.87, 0.80 and 0.66 for the diets containing milk, fish meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively.

The ability of piglets 4 to 8 weeks old to digest and perform on diets containing two contrasting sources of non-starch polysaccharide

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Longland ◽  
J. Carruthers ◽  
A. G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Fermentative Capacity ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Daily Intakes

AbstractTwelve Large White × Landrace boars, initial mean live weight (kg) 5·51 (s.e. 0·8) were offered cereal-based diets containing 0 (diet C) or 150 g sugar-beet pulp per kg (containing no molasses or other additive) (diet 15SB) and the indigestible marker titanium dioxide from 21 to 57 days of age. The daily intakes, live-weight gains and food conversion ratios of the piglets were monitored from day 28. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen (N), gross energy (GE) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) were measured on days 32 and 56. There were no significant differences either in voluntary intakes, or in the daily live-weight gains and food conversion ratios between the two diets. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of N and GE of the two diets. However, the capacity at 56 days of age to digest N from diet 15SB was greater than at 32 days of age. The apparent digestibility of total NSP at both 32 and 56 days of age was significantly greater for diet 15SB (averaging 0·75) than for diet C (averaging 0·54) (P < 0·001). The major NSP components of diet 15SB were arabinose, glucose and uronic acids, but the predominant NSP constituents of diet C were arabinose, xylose and glucose. The apparent digestibilities of arabinose (P < 0·05), mannose (P < 0·05), glucose (P < 0·05) and uronic acids (P < 0·001) were significantly greater from diet 15SB than from diet C. The apparent digestibility of NSP components from both diets tended to increase with age of piglet. These results are discussed in relation to the early establishment of an efficient gut microflora and indicate that the fermentative capacity of very young pigs may be higher than previously thought.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Campuran Eceng Gondok Tetes dan Urea Terhadap Pertambahan Berat Badan Anak Sapi Aceh Jantan

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Mahyuddin Mahyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Mixed Water

ABSTRACT. The experiment was conducted in Experimental Farm of Agriculture Fakulty, Syiah Kuala University. The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of mixed Water hyiacinth molasses and urea fed on live-weight gains of Aceh Bullocks. Four Aceh Bullocks (live weight: 140-170 kg, age : 12 months) were used design was Latin Square which were divided into treatments and 4 periods. The treatments were : 0 percent (A), 15 percent (B), 30 percent (C) and 45 percent (D). Water hyiacinth. The resulth of this experiment showed that no significant differences on feed consumption and live weight gains. However, among the treatments, feed consumption of treatment 45 percent tends to decrease. On the other hand, live-weight gains Aceh Bullocks of treatment 45 percent tends to increase. There was a significant difference on feed conversion. Feed conversion of treatment 45 percent is the best.

Molasses in early-weaning rations for calves

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (76) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Weight Gains

An experiment was conducted with 50 male, Friesian calves from 2 to 11 weeks of age. There were two basal diets, one containing meat meal and the other containing meat meal and urea as protein supplements to concentrate diets. The diets were fed with and without the addition of 5 per cent dried molasses. The addition of molasses to the diets increased the feed intake of both diets by 11 to 16 per cent. This resulted in increased weight gains of calves and increased nitrogen retention. The digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was not affected.

Nutritional evaluation of six protein concentrates for the pig

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Kondos
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Percentage Basis ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Head Protein

Experiments with growing pigs fed isonitrogenous diets were done to compare the nutritional value of two new protein sources, blood protein (globulin) and prawn-head protein concentrate, with that of soybean meal (extracted), meat meal (54 per cent CP), casein and gluten. Growth performance results expressed on a percentage basis of animals given the control diet rated as follows: soybean meal 90 per cent, blood protein and casein 82 per cent, meat meal 75 per cent, prawn-head meal 70 per cent and gluten 63 per cent. From results on growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and amino acids profiles, the two non-conventional protein concentrates appeared to be suitable for inclusion in the diets of monogastric animals.

scholarly journals Effects of varying levels of groundnut haulms and cowpea shell on the performance of weaner Red Sokoto goats.

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
M. Abubakar ◽  
T.A. Adegbola ◽  
M. M. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weight Gains

Four diets containing 16% crude protein were formulated with varying levels of groundnut haulms (GNH) and cowpea shell (CPS). The diets designated as Diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, contained 60% GNHI 0% CPS; 40% GNH/20% CPS, 20% GNH/40% CPS and 0%GNH/60%CPS respectively. The diets were fed to sixteen kids of Red Sokoto goats (two males and two females per diet] for seventy days in order to study the effects of varying levels of GNH and CPS on feed intake, nutrient digestibilities and weight gains of the animals. The results showed that the highest dry matter and crude protein intakes by the animals obtained for Diet 2 were 477.30 g/ day and 77. 85g/ day respectively. The lowest water intake per kilogram dry matter intake was obtained on Diet 3 (2. 421). Animals on Diet 2 had a better daily weight gain (85.41g/ day) compared to those on the other diets. The highest feed conversion ratio was obtained on Diet 4 (7.35). Nutrient digestibilities were significantly (p<0.01) affected by treatments, with Diet 2 having the highest and Diet 4 the lowest. Based on higher weight gains for animals on Diet 2, which indicates a shorter time to attain slaughter weight, dieis containing 40% GNH/20%CPS could be recommended for growing Red Sokoto goats. 

scholarly journals The utilization by pigs of methionine from five protein concentrates compared with synthetic methionine

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leibholz ◽  
A. C. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Cotton Seed Meal ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Methionine Content

1. Pigs (n 100) between 28 and 56 d of age were given diets containing one of five protein concentrates ad lib.2. The utilization of methionine from the protein concentrates was compared with synthetic methionine.3. Increasing the methionine content of the diets from 1.5 to 2.2 g/kg diet increased the weight gains of the pigs from 61 g/d to 198–292 g/d. The feed conversion efficiencies decreased from 2.56 to 1.34– 1.56.4. The utilization of methionine from the protein concentrates for weight gain, as compared with synthetic methionine, was meat meal A 0.89, meat meal B 0.97, soya-bean meal 1.02, cotton-seed meal 0.87 and dried skim milk 1.04.

The comparative performance of tropical crossbred and local shorthorn beef cattle on native pasture at Katherine, NT

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (26) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Adaptation To Heat ◽  
Dressing Percentage

The liveweight performance and carcase characteristics of Brahman x Hereford, Africander x Hereford and Africander x Shorthorn F, crossbred spayed heifers were compared with those of local Shorthorn spayed heifers on native pasture at Katherine, N.T., between 1962 and 1965. The breed groups were divided for planes of winter nutrition, viz., with and without 2 lb a day of peanut meal from early June until the start of the wet season. Without supplement, the average weight gains of B x H, A x H, A x S, and Shorthorn cattle between June 1962 and May 1965 were 0.49, 0.37, 0.36, and 0.23 lb a day respectively. With supplement, cattle reached slaughter weight a year earlier ; the average weight gains of B x H, A x H, and Shorthorn cattle between June 1962 and May 1964 were 0.61, 0.63, and 0.50 lb a day respectively. (There was no A x S supplemented group). Without supplement, the dressing percentage and estimated proportion of fat of B x H cattle was higher and the estimated proportion of muscle and bone lower than those of other breeds. With supplement, there were no significant differences in dressing percentage or carcase composition between breeds. Measurements made of thermoregulatory attributes indicated that the local Shorthorn cattle, through body temperature control, showed adaptation to heat stress.

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