scholarly journals The utilization of lysine by young pigs from nine protein concentrates compared with free lysine in young pigs fed ad lib

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leibholz Jane
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Cotton Seed Meal ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. Pigs (n 195) between 21 and 49 d of age were given a basal diet containing wheat, wheat gluten and cotton-seed meal which was supplemented with one of nine protein concentrates or free L-lysine. The diets were given ad lib. in two experiments.2. Increasing the lysine content of the diets from 6.9 to 10.1 g/kg increased the weight gains of the pigs from 89 to 317 g/d in the first experiment. In the second experiment the weight gains were increased from 68 to 213 g/d by increasing the lysine content of the diets from 5.9 to 9.5 g/kg.3. The utilization of lysine from the protein concentrates was compared with the utilization of free L-lysine.4. The utilization of lysine for weight gain compared with free lysine was 0.86–0.88 for meat meals, 0.95–0.99 for soya-bean meal, 0, 69–0.75 for cotton-seed meal, 0.90 for lupins (Lupinus augustifoh) and 0.99 for milk.

scholarly journals An evaluation of total and digestible lysine as a predictor of lysine availability in protein concentrates for young pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Weight Gains

1. Forty pigs between 23 and 51 d of age were given, ad lib., diets containing 7.9 g lysine/kg. The diets contained wheat and one of five protein concentrates: milk, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) meal, cotton-seed (Gossypium herbaceum) meal, meat meal or lupins (Lupinus augustifolius).2. Twenty of the pigs were given an indigestible marker, 103Ru-labelled Tris-(1, 10-phenanthro1ine)-rthenium(II) chloride, between 51 and 56 d of age and were killed at 56 d of age.3. A further forty pigs, between 23 and 51 d of age, were given the same diets supplemented with 3 g L-lysine hydrochloride/kg.4. The weight gains of the pigs given the diets containing 7.9 g lysine/kg (95–153 g/d) were significantly less (P < 0.05) than those of the pigs given the diets containing 10.9 g lysine/kg (274–340 g/d).5. Weight gains of pigs given the diets containing meat meal were less than those of pigs given diets containing milk, peanut meal or lupins.6. Feed conversion ratios decreased and N balances increased with increasing lysine content of the diets.7. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen of the diets containing meat meal and cotton-seed meal were less than those of the other three diets, but there was no effect of lysine content of the diets on these indices.8. The major site of DM and N absorption for the diet containing milk was the duodenum while for the other four protein concentrates the jejunum and ileum were the major absorption sites.9. Apparent digestibility of lysine from the five diets ranged from 0.54 to 0.75. The retention of the apparently absorbed lysine in weight gain was 0.8–0.94, and there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between diets which suggested that the apparent digestibility of lysine could be an indicator of its availability.

Influence of cotton-seed meal and barley grain supplements on intake, digestion, live-weight gain and wool growth in sheep fed NaOH-treated oat and wheat straw diets

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Amaning-Kwarteng ◽  
R. C. Kellaway
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Cotton Seed Meal ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Weight Gains

SummaryGrowth and digestibility trials were conducted to investigate responses of young cross-bred sheep to alkali-treated straws and supplements. Oat and wheat straws were coarsely milled, sprayed with NaOH solution and then sprayed with a solution containing N, S, P, Cu and Co, and mixed with powdered limestone. The treated straws were fedad libitumwith no supplement (0) or with 150 g/day of either cotton-seed meal (CSM) or whole barley grain (B). In a preliminary trial to study the effect of frequency of ort collection on intake of treated straw, consumption decreased (P< 0·05) when frequency of ort collection was reduced from once daily to once weekly. This was associated with an increase in the neutral detergent fibre content of the orts. During the growth trial, which lasted 105 days, intake of treated straw increased by 34%.When no supplement was fed, digestibility of treated oat straw was higher (P < 0·05) and dry-matter intake lower (P< 0·05) than that of treated wheat straw. However, calculated intakes of metabolizable energy (ME) and measurements of growth and wool production were similar on the two straws (P> 0·05).When supplements were fed, there was no effect on intake of the treated straws. Mean live-weight gains were 51·4, 80·2 and 77·3 g/day on treatments 0, CSM and B respectively (P< 0·01). This was associated with higher intakes of ME (P< 0·01) which accounted for 73% of the variation in live-weight gains. Mean clean wool growth was 7·6, 10·5 and 9·3 g/day on treatments 0, CSM and B respectively (P< 0·01). This effect was associated more with nitrogen (N) absorption than with ME intake (80 and 48% of the variation in wool growth respectively).It was concluded that the treated straws provided sufficient nutrients for modest growth in young sheep, that the supplements had no effect on intake of the treated straws and that additional live-weight gain and wool growth obtained by feeding CSM and B were associated with energy intake and nitrogen absorbed respectively.

ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND CULTURE OFBACILLUS THURINGIENSISFROM SOIL AND DUST FROM GRAIN STORAGE BINS AND THEIR TOXICITY FORMAMESTRA CONFIGURATA(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.N. Morris ◽  
V. Converse ◽  
P. Kanagaratnam ◽  
J.-C. Coté
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Cotton Seed Meal ◽  
Grain Dust ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractOne hundred and twoBacillus thuringiensisBerliner strains isolated from six different types of Canadian soil and dust from different grain storage bins were cultured in shake flasks containing Great Northern White Bean (GNWB) protein concentrate (48.6% protein) as the main nitrogen source and dextrose as the main carbohydrate source. The resulting endotoxins were bioassayed against the bertha armyworm,Mamestra configurataWlk. Thirty-three percent of soil and 66% of grain dust samples were positive forB. thuringiensis. The bacterium was found most frequently in organic-rich soil. The four most toxic soil isolates (which were seven to 15 times more toxic than the international standard, HD1-S-1980), and two nontoxic grain dust isolates were characterized by serological typing, biochemical analysis, carbohydrate utilization, plasmid profile analysis, protein profile analysis using sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gels, and polymerase chain reaction. Four isolates were determined to be subsp.kurstakicontaining 130–140 and 63–65 kDa proteins, and two isolates (tested for comparison) were subsp.canadensiscontaining 31 and 38 kDa proteins. Nonpyramidal-crystal-producing strains did not grow well in culture media containing GNWB, degossypellized cotton seed meal (61% protein), defatted soy flour (55% protein), or peptone as nitrogen sources. Excess of GNWB protein concentrate in shake flask culture media (30 g/L) inhibited bacterial growth and reduced the toxicity of isolate A1.2/72 subsp.kurstaki, which was the most toxic soil isolate. Isolate A1.2/72, which was 15 times more toxic for bertha armyworm larvae than the international standard (HD1-S-1980), contained threecry1Agenes (cry1Aa,cry1Ab, and cry1Ac), whereas HD-1 lacked thecry1Abgene. This strain was synergistic with strain HD-551 subsp.kenyae(cry1A,cry2A, andcry1Bgenes) but not with HD-133 subsp.aizawai(cry1Ab,cry1B,cry1C, andcry1Dgenes) when the strains were cultured together in a cotton seed meal medium and fed toM. configurata. The growth rate, economic yield, and toxicity of the new isolate, A1.2/72, produced in a 14-L laboratory fermenter declined when the fermentation ingredients were tripled. We believe that the indigenous strain A1.2/72 warrants further research development for bertha armyworm control.

Utilization of low quality roughages: effects of alkali treatment of wheat straw on intake by and growth rate of cattle, with and without a supplement of cotton-seed meal

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sriskandarajah ◽  
R. C. Kellaway
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Cotton Seed Meal ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

SUMMARYEffects of treating wheat straw with caustic soda solution and of providing a cottonseed meal supplement were studied with 40 Friesian heifers (280 kg live weight) in individual pens. Responses were measured in terms of food intake, growth rate and food conversion ratio.Wheat straw was coarsely-milled and fedad libitum, untreated (U) or alkali-treated (T); both types of straw were supplemented with urea and minerals. Half the animals on each type of straw were fed 500 g cotton-seed meal (C/day.Straw intake was higher with T than with U (P< 0·01) and unaffected by the cotton-seed meal supplement, being 4·53, 4·71, 6·58 and 6·56 kg/day on treatments U, UC, T and TC respectively. Alkali treatment and the cotton-seed meal supplement improved live-weight change (P< 0·001), being –6, 189, 334 and 495 g/day respectively.In vivodigestible organic matter in the dry matter, calculated from lignin ratios, was 59, 60, 64 and 64 respectively.Rumen VFA concentrations were significantly higher, molar proportions of acetic acid lower, propionic andn-butyrie acids higher in animals on T than on U. Plasma urea and rumen ammonia concentrations were lower on treatment T than on U.It was concluded that wheat straw which is coarsely-milled, NaOH-treated and sprayed with urea and minerals provides sufficient nutrients to allow cattle to grow and that additional gain obtained by feeding cotton-seed meal was predictable in terms of its energy contribution to the diet.

Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: isoleucine

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
L. M. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Two experiments were conducted to determine the utilization of ileal digestible isoleucine by growing pigs. In the first, the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in cottonseed meal, lupin-seed meal and soya-bean meal was determined in pigs fitted with‘T‘-shaped cannulas. In the second, three isoleucine-deficient diets were formulated to 0.23 g ileal digestible isoleucine/MJ digestible energy (DE) with the three protein concentrates contributing the only source of isoleucine in sucrose-based diets. An additional three diets were formulated with supplements of isoleucine to confirm that isoleucine was limiting in the first three diets. The growth performance and retention of isoleucine by pigs given the six diets over the 20–45 kg growth phase were then determined. The apparent ileal digestibility of isoleucine in the three protein concentrates (proportion of total) was: cottonseed meal 0.68, lupin-seed meal 0.86, soya-bean meal 0.86. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in growth rates (g/d) and crude protein deposition rates (g/d) of the pigs given the three diets formulated to 0.23 g ileal digestible isoleucine/MJ DE: cottonseed meal 590, 84; lupin-seed meal 613, 87; soya-bean meal 594, 91 (SEM 13.0, 2.9) respectively. The response of pigs to the addition of isoleucine confirmed that isoleucine was limiting in these diets. The proportion of ileal digestible isoleucine retained by pigs given the cottonseed meal (0.65) was slightly lower than that retained by pigs given soya-bean meal (0.73; P < 0.05). These results indicate that values for the ileal digestibility of isoleucine in protein concentrates more closely reflect the proportion of isoleucine that can be utilized by the pig than occurs for other amino acids such as lysine, threonine and methionine.

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