Changes in phosphorus pools in three soils upon addition of legume residues differing in carbon/phosphorus ratio

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Alamgir ◽  
Petra Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Pools ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
High Concentrations

Previously we showed that addition of legume residues affected the size of different soil phosphorus (P) pools in an alkaline loamy sand soil. Here, we tested whether the changes in soil P pools induced by residue addition are generally applicable or whether they are dependent on certain soil properties. Three legume residues differing in P concentration, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) (high P), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (medium P), and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) (low P), were added at a rate of 20 g residue kg–1 soil to three different soils with low Colwell-P concentration: Mt Bold (sandy clay loam, high organic carbon (C) content, pH 5.1), Monarto (loamy sand, low organic C content, pH 7.5), and Langhorne Creek (sandy loam, low organic C content, pH 8.1). Soil P pools were assessed by sequential P fractionation on days 0 and 42. In residue-amended soils from day 0 to day 42, the concentrations of water-soluble and microbial P decreased, whereas the concentrations of NaHCO3-Pi (inorganic P) and NaOH-Po (organic P) increased. The magnitude of these changes differed among soils, being greatest in the Mt Bold soil. Residue addition had little or no effect on the concentrations of NaOH-Pi and residual P, which also did not change significantly over time. Principal component analysis of the data showed that the size of the P pools was related to soil properties; high concentrations of HCl-P were associated with high pH and calcium concentrations, high concentrations of NaOH-P and residual P were correlated with high aluminium, silt, organic C, and total nitrogen and P. In the unamended soil on day 0, the concentration of NaHCO3-Pi was correlated with the clay content, whereas on day 42, the concentrations of the labile P pools were related to amount of P added with the residues. It can be concluded that most effects of residue addition to soils on microbial activity and growth and soil P pools can be generalised across the three soil used in this study, but that the size of the P pools is affected by soil properties such as organic C content, pH, and texture.

Soil quality as affected by amendments in bean-potato rotations

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Moulin ◽  
K. Buckley ◽  
K. Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
High Concentrations

Moulin, A. P., Buckley, K. E. and Volkmar, K. 2011. Soil quality as affected by amendments in pinto bean-potato rotations. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 533–542. The potential for adverse effects on soil quality and erosion in pinto bean–potato rotations is significant due to low levels of residue input to the soil following potatoes or beans, and the effect of tillage on soil structure, particularly in sandy-textured soils typical of the potato-growing area of Manitoba. Soil quality is reduced by low inputs of residue and carbon commensurate with an increase in the proportion of small and unstable aggregates susceptible to erosion. Furthermore N and P concentrations at the soil surface may be affected by various management options including fall cover crops, application of straw and the use of composted manure. In a study conducted at Carberry, MB, from 2000 to 2006, KCl-extractible NO3-N and Olsen P were determined in the fall prior to seeding in each year of the study. Water-soluble P, determined in the fall of 2005 for selected treatments, increased with application of compost. Soil organic C, total N and the proportion of erodible (<0.5-mm diameter) aggregates and stability of aggregates were measured in 2006 for treatments with fall-applied compost, cereal straw, and spring-applied anionic polyacrylamide (PAM). The proportion of erodible aggregates and aggregate stability were not consistently affected by treatment. Application of PAM did not affect stability of wet-sieved aggregates (1.3 to 2.0 mm), but decreased the proportion of small aggregates (<0.5 mm) in 2002. Soil C in the 0– to 5-cm depth increment increased with fall application of composted beef cattle manure. However, no effect was observed on the dry-sieved distribution of aggregates <0.5 mm in diameter. Soil quality, as indicated by an increase in soil organic C, can be improved by application of composted beef cattle manure, but levels of water-soluble P will increase, potentially increasing the risk of high concentrations of P in runoff. This research shows that the addition of compost and straw improves soil quality in terms of soil carbon and aggregate stability in bean–potato rotations. However, the proportion of erodible aggregates also increased, though not to levels that contribute significantly to soil erosion. Compost inputs must be monitored to reduce the potential for high concentrations and runoff of water-soluble P at the soil surface.

scholarly journals Soil Phosphorus Fractions as Influenced by Different Cropping Systems: Direct and Indirect Effects of Soil properties on Different P Pools of Nitisols of Wolayta, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Shiferaw Boke ◽  
Sheleme Beyene ◽  
Heluf Gebrekidan
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Available P ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Pools

Data from 12 surface soils (0 – 15 cm depth)of three cropping systems (enset, maize and grazing land) and path analysis was used to evaluate effects of soil properties: pH, texture (Clay, silt and sand) , organic carbon (OC) cation exchange capacity (CEC),citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate (CDB) extractable Fe and Al (Fed and Ald) on total phosphorous (Pt), organic phosphorous (Po), Olsen P (Available P) and Chang and Jackson (1957) inorganic phosphorous (Pi) fractions. Correlation analysis was performed to study the relationships between soil properties and different soil P pools while path analysis model was used to evaluate direct and indirect effect of these soil properties on the P pools. Only soil properties that significantly contribute to the fit of the model were used. High significant values of coefficient of determination (R2) and low values of uncorrelated residual (U) values indicate the path analysis model explains most of the variations in soil Pt, Po, Olsen-P, Saloid-P, Ca-P, Al-P, and Fe-P pools. Soil pH had significantly high and positive direct effect (D = 0.618*) on Pt, (D = 1.044***) on saloid P, and (D = 1.109***) on Fe-P with modest and negative indirect effect (D= -0.478 and -0.405) on saloid P and Fe-P, respectively, through OC. The direct effect of clay on Ca-P, Al-P and Fe-P (readily available P forms) was significant and negative with a relatively higher indirect effect on Fe-P through pH suggesting that clay is dominant soil property that influences readily available P pools in Nitisols of the study area. Fed had significant and negative direct effect (D = -0.430*) on Olsen available P with low negative indirect effect ( D = -0.154) through pH results in significant and negative correlation (r = -0.657*). The significant and negative direct effect of Fed on Olsen P indicates that crystalline iron is the sink for available P. Relative influence of the soil properties on the soil P pools was in the order: pH > clay > Fed > OC.  These results show that most of P pools of Nitisols of Wolayita are best predicted from pH, clay (texture), Fed and OC. On the other hand, our data also show that the inclusion of other soil variables is needed to fully predict Ca-P and stable P pools.

Soil properties following long-term application of stockpiled feedlot manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding under barley silage production

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. W. Beasley ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
F. J. Larney
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Total Organic C

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Hao, X. and Larney, F. J. 2014. Soil properties following long-term application of stockpiled feedlot manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding under barley silage production. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 389–402. The influence of long-term land application of stockpiled feedlot manure (SM) containing either wood-chip (SM-WD) or straw (SM-ST) bedding on soil properties during the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage growing season is unknown. The main objective of our study was determine the effect of bedding material in stockpiled manure (i.e., SM-WD vs. SM-ST) on certain soil properties. A secondary objective was to determine if organic amendments affected certain soil properties compared with unamended soil. Stockpiled feedlot manure with SM-WD or SM-ST bedding at 77 Mg (dry wt) ha−1 yr−1 was annually applied for 13 to 14 yr to a clay loam soil in a replicated field experiment in southern Alberta. There was also an unamended control. Soil properties were measured every 2 wk during the 2011 and 2012 growing season. Properties included water-filled pore space (WFPS), total organic C and total N, NH4-N and NO3-N, water-soluble non-purgeable organic C (NPOC), water-soluble total N (WSTN), denitrification (acetylene inhibition method), and CO2 flux. The most consistent and significant (P≤0.05) bedding effects on soil properties in both years occurred for total organic C, C:N ratio, and WSTN. Total organic C and C:N ratio were generally greater for SM-WD than SM-ST, and the reverse trend occurred for WSTN. Bedding effects on other soil properties (WFPS, NH4-N, NO3-N, NPOC) occurred in 2012, but not in 2011. Total N, daily denitrification, and daily CO2 flux were generally unaffected by bedding material. Mean daily denitrification fluxes ranged from 0.9 to 1078 g N2O-N ha−1 d−1 for SM-ST, 0.8 to 326 g N2O-N ha−1 d−1 for SM-WD, and 0.6 to 250 g N2O-N ha−1 d−1 for the CON. Mean daily CO2 fluxes ranged from 5.3 to 43.4 kg CO2-C ha−1 d−1 for SM-WD, 5.5 to 26.0 kg CO2-C ha−1 d−1 for SM-ST, and from 0.5 to 6.8 kg CO2-C ha−1 d−1 for the CON. The findings from our study suggest that bedding material in feedlot manure may be a possible method to manage certain soil properties.

Crop yield and soil fertility as affected by papermill biosolids and liming by-products

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Bernard Gagnon ◽  
Judith Nyiraneza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Ziadi, N., Gagnon, B. and Nyiraneza, J. 2013. Crop yield and soil fertility as affected by papermill biosolids and liming by-products. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 319–328. Papermill biosolids (PB) in combination with alkaline industrial residuals could benefit agricultural soils while diverting these biosolids from landfill. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three types of PB at rates of 0, 30, and 60 wet Mg ha−1, as well as five liming by-products at 3 wet Mg ha−1 along with 30 Mg PB ha−1 on crop yield, nutrient accumulation, and soil properties. De-inking paper biosolids (DB, C/N of 65) were applied to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and two combined PB (PB1, C/N of 31; and PB2, C/N of 14) were applied to dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), respectively. The liming by-products included lime mud (LM), wood ash (WA) from paper mills, commercial calcitic lime (CL), Mg dissolution by-product (MgD), and Mg smelting and electrolysis work (MgSE). Compared with the control, PB2 increased barley yield and total Mg and Na accumulation, and both PB increased plant N, P, and Ca accumulation in barley and dry bean. The impact of DB on soybean was limited. The addition of liming by-products to PB or DB did not affect crop attributes except the combination with MgSE, which severely reduced the growth of dry bean and, to a lesser extent, soybean. Soil NO3-N was immobilized following DB application, whereas there was a net release with both PB. Combining PB and liming by-products produced the greatest changes in soil properties at harvest. Generally, LM and CL raised pH and Mehlich-3 Ca, and MgSE caused a strong increase in Mehlich-3 Mg and Na and water-soluble Cl. When used with appropriate crops, biosolids from paper mills and alkaline residuals other than MgSE can efficiently enhance soil fertility by providing organic C and macronutrients for balanced crop fertilization.

Unravelling the effects of soil properties on water infiltration: segmented quantile regression on a large data set from arid south-west Africa

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Mills ◽  
M. V. Fey ◽  
A. Gröngröft ◽  
A. Petersen ◽  
T. V. Medinski
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Wide Range

Relationships were sought between infiltrability and the properties of hundreds of surface soils (pedoderms) sampled across Namibia and western South Africa. Infiltrability was determined using a laboratory method, calibrated against a rainfall simulator, which measures the passage of a suspension of soil in distilled water through a small column packed with the same soil. Other properties determined were EC, pH, water-soluble cations and anions, ammonium acetate-extractable cations, organic C, total N, a 7-fraction particle size distribution, water-dispersible silt and clay, and clay mineral composition. Our objective was to ascertain whether general principles pertaining to infiltrability can be deduced from an analysis of a wide diversity of soils. To achieve this we compared correlation analysis, generalised linear models (GLMs), and generalised additive models (GAMs) with a segmented quantile regression approach, in which parametric regression lines were fitted to the 0.9 and 0.1 quantile values of equal subpopulations based on the x variable. Quantile regression demarcated relational envelopes enclosing four-fifths of the data points. The envelopes revealed ranges for soil properties over which infiltrability is potentially maximal (spread over a wide range) or predictably minimal (confined to small values). The r2 value of the 0.9 quantile regression line was taken as an index of reliability in being able to predict limiting effects on infiltrability associated with a variety of soil properties. Prediction of infiltration was most certain from textural properties, especially the content of water-dispersible silt (r2 = 0.96, n = 581), water-dispersible clay (0.88, n = 581), very fine sand (0.86, n = 174), and medium sand (0.84, n = 174). Chemical properties such as EC, sodium status, organic C content, and clay mineralogy were less clearly related to infiltrability than was texture. The role of fine-particle dispersion in blocking pores was highlighted by the stronger prediction in all statistical analyses provided by the water-dispersible as opposed to total content of silt and clay. All the statistical analyses revealed a probable skeletal role of medium and fine sand fractions in shaping pores and a plasmic (mobile) role of finer fractions in blocking pores. A noteworthy discovery was an apparent switch in role from skeletal to plasmic at a particle diameter of about 0.1 mm (i.e. between fine and very fine sand).

PHOSPHORUS-MOBILIZATION STRATEGY BASED ON CARBOXYLATE EXUDATION IN LUPINS (LUPINUS, FABACEAE): A MECHANISM FACILITATING THE GROWTH AND PHOSPHORUS ACQUISITION OF NEIGHBOURING PLANTS UNDER PHOSPHORUS-LIMITED CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. S. B. DISSANAYAKA ◽  
W. M. K. R. WICKRAMASINGHE ◽  
BUDDHI MARAMBE ◽  
JUN WASAKI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Available P ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Carboxylate Exudation

SUMMARYThe capability of some plant species to mobilize phosphorus (P) from poorly available soil P fractions can improve P availability for P-inefficient plant species in intercropping. White lupin (Lupinus albus) has been investigated as a model P-mobilizing plant for its capability of enhancing the P acquisition of neighbouring species under P-limited conditions. To date, investigations have led to contrasting findings, where some reports have described a positive effect of intercropped lupins on companion plants, whereas others have revealed no effects. This review summarizes the literature related to lupin–cereal intercropping. It explores the underpinning mechanisms that influence interspecific facilitation of P acquisition. The P-mobilization-based facilitation by lupins to enhance P-acquisition of co-occurring plant species is determined by both available P concentration and P-sorption capacity of soil, and the root intermingling capacity among two plant partners enabling rhizosphere overlapping. In lupin–cereal intercropping, lupin enhances the below-ground concentration of labile P pools through mobilization of P from sparingly available P pools, which is accomplished through carboxylate exudation, where neighbouring species acquire part of the mobilized P. The non-P-mobilizing species benefit only under P-limited conditions when they immediately occupy the maximum soil volume influenced by P-mobilizing lupin. Positive effects of mixed cropping are apparent in alkaline, neutral and acidic soils. However, the facilitation of P acquisition by lupins to companion species is eliminated when soil becomes strongly P-sorbing. In such soils, the limitation of root growth can result in poorer root intermingling between two species. The P mobilized by lupins might not be acquired by neighbouring species because it is bound to P-sorbing compounds. We suggest that the lupins can be best used as P-mobilizing plant species to enhance P acquisition of P-inefficient species under P-limited conditions when plant species are grown with compatible crops and soil types that facilitate sharing of rhizosphere functions among intercropped partners.

Phosphorus uptake by grain legumes and subsequently grown wheat at different levels of residual phosphorus fertiliser

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nuruzzaman ◽  
Hans Lambers ◽  
Michael D. A. Bolland ◽  
Erik J. Veneklaas
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wheat Shoot ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Different Levels

A considerable portion of the phosphorus (P) fertilisers applied in agriculture remains in the soil as sorbed P in the forms of various P compounds, termed residual P. Certain grain legume crops may be able to mobilise residual P through root exudates, and thus increase their own growth, and potentially that of subsequent cereal crops. The first objective of this pot experiment was to compare the growth and P uptake of 3 legume crop species with that of wheat grown in a soil with different levels of residual P. Another objective was to determine whether the influence of legumes on subsequent P uptake by wheat was due to legume-induced changes in the rhizosphere, or to the presence of legume roots. White lupin (Lupinus albus L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown in a soil containing 25.7, 26.4, 30.8, 39.0, or 51.9 mg/kg of bicarbonate-extractable P and sufficient amounts of nitrogen to suppress nodulation and dinitrogen fixation. Differences among the species in root dry mass were much larger than those in shoot dry mass. Faba bean produced the greatest root dry mass. All the legumes exuded carboxylates from their roots, predominantly malate, at all soil P levels. Rhizosphere concentrations of carboxylates were highest for white lupin, followed by field pea and faba bean. All of the investigated legumes enhanced the growth of the subsequently grown wheat, compared with wheat grown after wheat, even at relatively high levels of soil P. The positive effect on growth was not dependent on the incorporation of the legume roots into the soil. The legumes also caused a modest increase in wheat shoot P concentrations, which were higher when roots were incorporated into the soil. Because of the increased growth and tissue P concentrations, wheat shoot P content was 30–50% higher when grown after legumes than when grown after wheat. The study concludes that the legume crops can enhance P uptake of subsequently grown wheat, even at relatively high levels of residual P.

Response of Acacia mangium to vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation, soil pH, and soil P concentration in an oxisol

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Habte ◽  
M. Soedarjo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Host Growth ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Vamf Colonization

The vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus aggregatum and the legume species Acacia mangium were grown together in a manganese-rich oxisol at pH 4.3 to 6.0 and at soil P concentrations favorable for VAM-host growth (0.02 mg ∙ L−1) and sufficient for non-VAM host growth (0.8 mg ∙ L−1). At the lower P concentration, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (VAMF) colonization of roots increased as soil pH increased from 4.3 to 5.0. However, colonization of roots was not significantly influenced by further increases in pH. Growth of A. mangium at 0.02 mg P/L in the presence of G. aggregatum was inferior to that observed at 0.8 mg P/L, suggesting that there was some degree of host–endophyte incompatibility. Increasing P concentration from 0.02 to 0.8 mg P/L increased target soil pH in the unlimed soil from 4.3 to 4.8 and reduced the concentration of available soil Mn from 13.2 to 2.1 mg ∙ L−1. Thus, the better plant growth observed at the higher P concentration at pH < 5 was mainly due to the alleviation of Mn toxicity due to the precipitation of the cation directly by excess phosphate and (or) phosphate-induced elevation of soil pH. The poor VAMF inoculation effect observed at the lower soil P level in the unlimed soil was thus largely due to the toxicity of high concentrations of Mn2+ and H+ ions. Keywords: hydrogen ion, calcium, manganese-rich, manganese toxicity, pinnule P, soil acidity, VAMF colonization, VAMF effectiveness.

Wheat and white lupin differ in root proliferation and phosphorus use efficiency under heterogeneous soil P supply

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifu Ma ◽  
Zed Rengel ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Cluster Roots ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Supply

Heterogeneity of soil nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P), is widespread in modern agriculture due to increased adoption of no-till farming, but P-use efficiency and related physiological processes in plants grown in soils with variable distribution of nutrients are not well documented. In a glasshouse column experiment, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were subjected to 50 mg P/kg at 7–10 cm depth (hotspot P) or 5 mg P/kg in the whole profile (uniform P), with both treatments receiving the same amount of P. Measurements were made of plant growth, gas exchange, P uptake, and root distribution. Plants with hotspot P supply had more biomass and P content than those with uniform P supply. The ratios of hotspot to uniform P supply for shoot parameters, but not for root parameters, were lower in L. albus than wheat, indicating that L. albus was better able than wheat to acquire and utilise P from low-P soil. Cluster roots in L. albus were enhanced by low shoot P concentration but suppressed by high shoot P concentration. Soil P supply decreased root thickness and the root-to-shoot ratio in wheat but had little effect on L. albus. The formation of cluster roots in low-P soil and greater proliferation and surface area of roots in the localised, P-enriched zone in L. albus than in wheat would increase plant P use in heterogeneous soils. L. albus also used proportionally less assimilated carbon than wheat for root growth in response to soil P deficiency. The comparative advantage of each strategy by wheat and L. albus for P-use efficiency under heterogeneous P supply may depend on the levels of P in the enriched v. low-P portions of the root-zone and other soil constraints such as water, nitrogen, or potassium supply.

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