Wheat and white lupin differ in root proliferation and phosphorus use efficiency under heterogeneous soil P supply

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifu Ma ◽  
Zed Rengel ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Cluster Roots ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Supply

Heterogeneity of soil nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P), is widespread in modern agriculture due to increased adoption of no-till farming, but P-use efficiency and related physiological processes in plants grown in soils with variable distribution of nutrients are not well documented. In a glasshouse column experiment, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were subjected to 50 mg P/kg at 7–10 cm depth (hotspot P) or 5 mg P/kg in the whole profile (uniform P), with both treatments receiving the same amount of P. Measurements were made of plant growth, gas exchange, P uptake, and root distribution. Plants with hotspot P supply had more biomass and P content than those with uniform P supply. The ratios of hotspot to uniform P supply for shoot parameters, but not for root parameters, were lower in L. albus than wheat, indicating that L. albus was better able than wheat to acquire and utilise P from low-P soil. Cluster roots in L. albus were enhanced by low shoot P concentration but suppressed by high shoot P concentration. Soil P supply decreased root thickness and the root-to-shoot ratio in wheat but had little effect on L. albus. The formation of cluster roots in low-P soil and greater proliferation and surface area of roots in the localised, P-enriched zone in L. albus than in wheat would increase plant P use in heterogeneous soils. L. albus also used proportionally less assimilated carbon than wheat for root growth in response to soil P deficiency. The comparative advantage of each strategy by wheat and L. albus for P-use efficiency under heterogeneous P supply may depend on the levels of P in the enriched v. low-P portions of the root-zone and other soil constraints such as water, nitrogen, or potassium supply.

scholarly journals Response of Wheat to Foliar and Soil P Fertilization on Grain Yield and Phosphorus use Efficiency in Southeastern Algeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Boukhalfa-Deraoui ◽  
L. Hanifi-Mekliche ◽  
A. Mekliche
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Available P ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Background: P deficiency is very common in alkaline - calcareous soil. Therefore, application of foliar-absorbed fertilizers may be an effective strategy to overcome the low bioavailability of phosphorus in soil, by improving phosphorus use efficiency and reduced nutrients loses.Methods: A field experiment was carried out in 2006-07 growing season at El-Menia (southeastern Algeria) to evaluated the effect of two foliar P (agriphos and leader-start) and three soil P (TSP P 46, Fosfactyl NP 3:22 and NPKs 8:36:13,5+15) on yield and P use efficiency of durum wheat crop Triticum durum Desf. var. Carioca and on available P and total P in soil.Result: Data showed that significant effect of soil P fertilizer on grain yield components (ears m-², grains ear-1 and the 1000 grains weight), grain P use efficiency and available P in soil. The best values were recorded by NPKs fertilizer, but no differences were observed for these parameters among foliar fertilizer sources.

Phosphorus deficiency inhibits growth in parallel with photosynthesis in a C3 (Panicum laxum) but not two C4 (P. coloratum and Cenchrus ciliaris) grasses

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oula Ghannoum ◽  
Jann P. Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Supply ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

This study compared the growth and photosynthetic responses of one C3 (Panicum laxum L.) and two C4 grasses (Panicum coloratum L. and Cenchrus ciliaris L.) to changes in soil phosphorus (P) nutrition. Plants were grown in potted soil amended with six different concentrations of P. One week before harvest, leaf elongation and photosynthetic rates and the contents of carbohydrate, P and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were measured. Five weeks after germination, plants were harvested to estimate biomass accumulation. At each soil P supply, leaf P contents were lower in the C3 (0.6–2.6 mmol P m–2) than in the two C4 grasses (0.8–4.1 mmol P m–2), and Pi constituted ~40–65% of total leaf P. The P deficiency reduced leaf growth, tillering and plant dry mass to a similar extent in all three grasses. In contrast, P deficiency suppressed photosynthetic rates to a greater extent in the C3 (50%) than the C4 grasses (25%). The foliar contents of non-structural carbohydrates were affected only slightly by soil P supply in all three species. Leaf mass per area decreased at low P in the two C4 grasses only, and biomass partitioning changed little with soil P supply. The percentage changes in assimilation rates and plant dry mass were linearly related in the C3 but not the C4 plants. Thus, P deficiency reduced growth in parallel with reductions of photosynthesis in the C3 grass, and independently of photosynthesis in the two C4 grasses. We propose that this may be related to a greater Pi requirement of C4 relative to C3 photosynthesis. Photosynthetic P use efficiency was greater and increased more with P deficiency in the C4 relative to the C3 species. The opposite was observed for whole-plant P-use efficiency. Hence, the greater P-use efficiency of C4 photosynthesis was not transferred to the whole-plant level, mainly as a result of the larger and constant leaf P fraction in the two C4 grasses.

scholarly journals Unravelling the phosphorus use efficiency associated traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under low phosphorus condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Venkata Ravi Prakash Reddy ◽  
Gyan Prakash Mishra ◽  
Muraleedhar Aski ◽  
Renu Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Use Efficiency

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the serious problems affecting plant growth in mungbean in different parts of the world. The root, shoot and biomass related traits were investigated for identifying P-efficient genotypes in 54 mungbean genotypes under low-P (LP) and normal-P (NP) conditions. In this study, the membership function value of P use efficiency of studied traits was used as a compendious index for studying P use efficiency (PUE) in mungbean. Among the studied traits, mean values of total root volume, chlorophyll concentration, root dry weight (RDW) and root to shoot ratio increased >25% under LP condition indicating that these traits are highly responsive to P deficiency. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis revealed that RDW explained most of the variation and could be used as a clear indicator of PUE. The five highly P-efficient genotypes namely, MH 805, M 42, PUSA 9531, EC 398885 and M 209 with high MFVP values may be used for PUE improvement in mungbean.

Is there a critical level of shoot phosphorus concentration for cluster-root formation in Lupinus albus?

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haigang Li ◽  
Jianbo Shen ◽  
Fusuo Zhang ◽  
Caixian Tang ◽  
Hans Lambers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Cluster Roots ◽  
Proton Release ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Citrate Exudation ◽  
P Supply

This study examined the effects of localised phosphorus (P) supply on cluster-root formation and citrate exudation in white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Kiev Mutant). White lupin plants were grown in nutrient solutions with a range of P supplies in a split-root system with one root half deprived of P and the other root supplied with 0, 2, 5, 8, 10 or 75 μm P. Plants were also grown in soil with or without organic matter added to the top layer. The proportion of cluster roots as a percentage of the total root biomass decreased similarly on both root halves with increasing P supply in the hydroponic experiments. More than 18% of the P taken up by the P-supplied root halves was incorporated into the P-deprived halves. Irrespective of the P supply or organic matter addition in the experiments, the proportion of cluster roots and the rate of citrate exudation decreased sharply with increasing P concentration in the shoots up to a critical level of 2–3 mg P g–1 dry weight. In contrast, the rate of proton release was higher in P-deprived root halves than in P-supplied ones. The formation of cluster roots is regulated by shoot P concentration with a critical level of 2–3 mg g–1. Citrate exudation is predominantly governed by shoot P status, whereas proton release strongly responds to local P supply.

scholarly journals Leaf Phosphorus Concentration Regulates the Development of Cluster Roots and Exudation of Carboxylates in Macadamia integrifolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Yang Lyu ◽  
Kemo Jin ◽  
Hans Lambers ◽  
Jianbo Shen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Value ◽  
Cluster Roots ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Cluster Root ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Supply

Phosphorus (P) deficiency induces cluster-root formation and carboxylate exudation in most Proteaceae. However, how external P supply regulates these root traits in Macadamia integrifolia remains unclear. Macadamia plants were grown hydroponically with seven P levels to characterize biomass allocation, cluster-root development, and exudation of carboxylates and acid phosphatases. Plant biomass increased with increasing P supply, peaking at 5 μM P, was the same at 5–25 μM P, and declined at 50–100 μM P. Leaf P concentration increased with increasing P supply, but shoot biomass was positively correlated with leaf P concentration up to 0.7–0.8 mg P g–1 dry weight (DW), and declined with further increasing leaf P concentration. The number of cluster roots declined with increasing P supply, with a critical value of leaf P concentration at 0.7–0.8 mg P g–1 DW. We found a similar trend for carboxylate release, with a critical value of leaf P concentration at 0.5 mg g–1 DW, but the activity of acid phosphatases showed a gradually-decreasing trend with increasing P supply. Our results suggest that leaf P concentration regulates the development and functioning of cluster roots, with a critical P concentration of 0.5–0.8 mg g–1, above which macadamia growth is inhibited.

Relationships of phosphorus concentration in reproductive organs with soil phosphorus availability for tropical rain-forest trees on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 351-363
Author(s):  
Yuki Tsujii ◽  
Kanehiro Kitayama
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Mount Kinabalu ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract:Bornean rain forests on phosphorus (P)-poor soils exhibit a high P-use efficiency in the production of reproductive organs (i.e. the inverse of P concentration in reproductive-organ litter). The mechanism underpinning this high P-use efficiency is not known, but is hypothesized to result from dilution of P in a given type of reproductive organ and/or a shift of the community composition of flower/fruit types with decreasing P availability. These hypotheses were tested using eight forests with different soil P availabilities on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Mean P concentration per forest by genus in inflorescences was significantly positively correlated with P availability, while that in seeds or pericarps was not significantly correlated. This trend was consistent across 21 genera that we analysed, suggesting that P concentration in seeds is maintained in exchange with the dilution of P in inflorescences. The composition of fruit types in tree community was estimated based on the relative abundances of genera in each forest. The relative abundance of capsulate species, which required less P in pericarps, tended to increase in tree community with decreasing P availability. Therefore, both mechanisms were involved in P-use efficiency. This work provides an insight into the reproductive adaptation of trees to P deficiency.

scholarly journals Integration of Peach (Prunus persica L) Biochar, Compost and Peach Residues along with Beneficial Microbes and Phosphorus Improve Agronomic Efficiency, Phosphorus use Efficiency, Partial Factor Productivity and Soil P in Soybean vs Maize Crops

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Imran ◽  
Amanullah Amanullah
Keyword(s):  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

Phosphorus (P) is an important element in a complete and balanced fertility program that can improve crop P use efficiency and ultimately productivity and profitability. Phosphatic fertilizers use without organic fertilizers leads to gradual decline in soil organic matter, native nutrient status and ultimately reduction in agricultural productivity and economic growth. The objectives of this was to evaluate P efficiencies with incorporation of peach sources, beneficial microbes and P application. From sustainability points of view, alternative use of different sources and forms of organic sources alone or in combination with inorganic P and beneficial microbes possess potential for improving productive capacity of the soil. Separate field experiments (one each on maize and soybean as a test crop) were conducted at Agriculture Research Institute Mingora Swat (ARI) for two consecutive years in summer season of 2016 (year one) and 2017 (year two). For the first time such a study were conducted to utilize peach leftovers and biomass (leaves, twigs, fruits, stones and barks partially decomposed, its compost and biochar) along with three phosphorus (P) levels (50, 75, 100 kg P ha-1) and two beneficial microbes (PSB and Trichoderma) on such a way to enhance soil sustainability and P use efficiency of soybean and maize. The results revealed that organic sources had significant effect on soybean and maize P use efficiency (PUE), P agronomic efficiency (PAE), partial factor productivity (PFPp) and soil P concentration. In experiment 1 among the organic sources, peach residues increased soil P (12.0 mg kg-1) as compared to peach compost and biochar (8.6 & 11.7 mg kg-1). Soil P concentration was maximum (12.1 mg kg-1) with PSB than Trichoderma (9.5 mg kg-1). Application of P at 100 kg ha-1increased soil P contents (16.9 mg kg-1) as compared to 50 and 75 kg P ha 1 (5.9 & 9.6 mg kg-1) respectively. P concentration was increased drastically in year 2 (12.4 mg kg-1) than year one (9.1 mg kg-1). PUE in both crops (soybean and maize) was maximum (25.6 & 28.4%) with peach biochar than compost and residues along with Trichoderma (21.7 & 27.8%). Highest PUE in soybean was recorded with 75 kg P ha-1(22.2%) however in maize maximum PUE was noted with 50 kg P ha-1(33.5%). PAE and PFPp in both crops was maximum with biochar and soil application of Trichoderma than other organic sources and PSB. Among the P levels highest PAE in soybean and maize was recorded with 75 kg ha-1whereas PFPp in soybean was maximum with 75 kg P ha-1 and interestingly in maize it was noted with 50 kg ha-1. Conclusively soybean and maize PAE, PFPp and PUE was higher with biochar, soil incorporation of Trichoderma and P at the rate of 75 kg ha-1 and can improve soybean and maize yield and soil productivity on sustainable basis.

Phosphorus supply level affects the regulation of phosphorus uptake by different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species in a highly P-efficient backcross maize line

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyuan Zheng ◽  
Junling Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Li
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Supply ◽  
Supply Level

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to facilitate effective acquisition of phosphorus (P) by host plants in low P soils. However, the contribution of mycorrhizal traits to high P-use efficiency in modern-bred maize genotypes is still not clear. In the present study one backcross maize inbred line 224 (bred for high P-use efficiency) was used as the host plant associated with AM fungal species (Rhizophagus irregularis or Glomus mosseae) grown at a range of soil P treatments (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 mg P kg–1, Experiment 1) or foliar P applications (0, 0.025%, 0.5% m/v, Experiment 2). The experiments were to test the hypothesis whether the change point of the mycorrhizal growth and P responsiveness of 224, as well as the expression of ZEAma;Pht1;6 was at or near the optimal P supply level. In addition, different AM inoculants might differ in regulating P uptake of the host. Our results indicated that inbred line 224 was highly responsive to mycorrhizal inoculation. In Experiment 1, root colonisation rate, hyphal length density and alkaline phosphatase increased with the increase of soil P supply level. However, the mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) and P accumulation in shoot (MPR) were greatly affected by soil P supply level and varied between the two fungal species. Maize plants exhibited higher MGR and MPR at lower P supply when inoculated with R. irregularis, and at intermediate P supply when inoculated with G. mosseae. In Experiment 2, shoot P uptake was significantly increased by foliar P supply and inoculation, whereas shoot growth was significantly affected by P supply and the interaction. The expression of the AM-inducible Pi transporter gene ZEAma;Pht1;6 was neither significantly affected by soil (except at 100 mg P kg–1, Experiment 1) or foliar P supply level, nor by fungal species. Root P uptake efficiency (RPUE) was generally greatly increased by mycorrhizal colonisation at all P supply levels in both experiments, and significant correlations were observed between mycorrhizal variables and RPUE in Experiment 1. Our results indicate that the formation of mycorrhizal association could increase RPUE and thus may be partly attributed to high P-use efficiency of inbred line 224. The different responsiveness of mycorrhizal fungi to soil-available P implies the importance for the development of precision strategies to optimise the potential function of AM fungi under different P fertilisation management regime in agricultural soils.

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