Decorticated safflower meal as a protein supplement for sorghum and wheat based pig diets

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (60) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Williams ◽  
LJ Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Finisher Diets

Ninety-six Large White pigs were used in four experiments to compare supplements of decorticated safflower meal with soybean meal in either sorghum or wheat based 'grower-finisher' diets. Synthetic lysine, fishmeal and combinations of safflower meal-fishmeal and safflower meal-fishmeal-synthetic lysine were tested as supplements. Decorticated safflower meal was found to be unsatisfactory as the sole supplementary protein source for sorghum and wheat based diets for pigs. The growth response to the safflower meal was increased by the addition of synthetic lysine but the performance of pigs receiving these lysine enriched safflower meal supplements was always inferior to those fed either isonitrogenous soybean meal or fishmeal supplements in both sorghum and wheat based diets. Increasing safflower protein contribution in the safflower mealfishmeal diets resulted in poorer feed conversion ratios and growth rates, particularly when fed to pigs less than 45 kg live weight. The results showed that if safflower meal was to be used in pig diets, it should be used in conjunction with 'lysine rich' protein concentrates and restricted to pigs exceeding 45 kg liveweight.

Evaluation of seal meal as a protein supplement for growing steers

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-531
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
E. O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Quadratic Growth ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Metabolizable Protein

This experiment evaluated the suitability of dried seal meal (SM) as a protein supplement for growing steers. Protein in the SM had an effective degradability of 65% and a slow degradation rate in the rumen. There was a positive quadratic growth response to replacing soybean meal (SBM) with SM (P < 0.05). We attribute this response to optimized concentrations of fat and metabolizable protein supplied by the SM/SBM mixtures. We conclude that SM is a beneficial protein source for growing steers when combined with SBM. Key words: Growing steer, seal, protein supplement, silage

The plane of nutrition and compensatory growth in pigs

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

1. An experiment was carried out with forty individually-fed Large White × Wessex pigs to examine the growth rates of females (gilts) and castrated males after varying periods of time on a restricted plane of nutrition.2. Compensatory growth was made by pigs in all treatments when some restriction in the plane of nutrition had been previously imposed.3. The immediate growth response after the restriction ceased was directly related to the duration of the period of restriction.4. In pigs on a restricted scale of feeding to 80 lb. live-weight, no compensatory growth was observed until a later stage in growth, whereas pigs on a restricted scale for a much longer period to 160 lb. live-weight showed immediate and significant compensatory growth.5. In the periods immediately after the food restriction was lifted, gilts responded more than castrated males on all treatments.6. The effect on the overall growth rate from 45 to 200 lb. live-weight became progressively worse as the period of restriction was prolonged and in no case did the compensatory growth fully compensate for the setback suffered during restriction.7. There were no significant differences in overall food conversion efficiency and it appears that pigs with an even rate of gain and an interrupted growth rate may be equally efficient.8. There were no significant differences in carcass length or dressing-out percentage although a moderate degree of restriction up to 120 lb. live-weight improved grading results, these being related, to non-significant improvements i n food conversion and therefore possibly to a lower carcass fat content.

Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 2. Differing nutrient density at a constant energy: protein ratio

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
M. E. Cundy ◽  
R. Cooke ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYForty-eight gilts by Landrace sires on Large White × Landrace females were randomly allocated to eight pens and within pens to six treatment groups involving three diets and two levels of feeding from 23 to 59 kg live weight. All diets were formulated to have approximately the same ratio of digestible energy to crude protein (160 kcal DE/unit % CP) but different energy and protein concentrations: (A) 3500 kcal/kg DE and 21 % CP, (B) 3150 kcal/kg DE and 19% CP, and (C) 2800 kcal/kg DE and 17% CP. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. The levels of feeding were such that the lower level of diet A allowed an intake of energy and protein similar to the higher level of diet B, and the lower level of B was similar to the higher level of C.On the lower level of feeding, growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and carcass fat content increased linearly with each increment in nutrient concentration; on the higher level of feeding growth rate and EFC increased from diet C to B but not from B to A, whereas carcass fat content increased linearly with diet from the lowest to the highest concentration. There was a non-significant tendency for the higher density diets at a similar level of nutrient intake to give better EFC and fatter carcasses than the lower density diets.

scholarly journals Growth and performance curve of dairy goats fed with detoxified castor bean cake by different alkaline solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3377-3390
Author(s):  
Ricardo Alves de Araújo ◽  
◽  
Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu ◽  
Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro Rogério ◽  
Hévila Oliveira Salles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Castor Cake

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the substitution of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC) by two alkaline products on intake, performance and on the growth curve of goat’s kids. 24 were used, Saanen goats (n=12) and Anglo Nubian (n=12), with initial body weight of 16.2±0.67 kg, initial age of 3 months and confined during the growth phase. The treatments consisted of three diets: a standard diet formulated with a traditional protein source, the soybean meal (SM); and test diets, which consisted of a protein source alternative, differing detoxification processes, on the basis of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial 3 x 2 (diet SM, Ca(OH)2 DCC and NaOH DCC x Saanen and Anglo Nubian) totaling six sessions with four replicates each. The experimental period lasted 270 days. The non-linear models used were the Gompertz and Logistic. There was no effect (P < 0.05) of diets on the intake of nutrients, but there was no effect (P > 0.05) of breeds and interaction between both factors. The intake of DM during the phase of growth was greater for the goats fed with SM. There was no effect (P>0.05) of diets nor of the breeds in the ADG. Feed conversion was influenced (P < 0.05) by the diets, in which the goats fed diets with DCC presented better feed conversion. It has been observed that both models had good adjustments, with values numerically superior to 90%, however, the logistic model showed higher R2 and, at the same time, asymptotic index (AI). Despite the ADG be equal, the breeds presented absolute growth rate (AGR) vary over time, where the Saanen goats reached the peak first (181 days), with AGR of 0.14 kg day-1. However, even the goats Anglo Nubian reaching the highest peak late, the AGR was higher, around 0.16 kg day-1 higher than the Saanen. Both castor cake has the potential to replace the SM on a diet of goat’s kids during the growth phase. The mathematical model of Logistics estimates more accurately the growth of Saanen goats and Anglo Nubian, being that the rate of absolute growth is greatest in goats Anglo Nubian.

Minimum levels of inclusion of copper and zinc proteinate amino acid chelates in growing and finishing pig diets

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hernández ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
D. N. D' Souza ◽  
B. P. Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Acid Chelate ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Finisher Diets

The influence of increasing dietary concentrations of copper (Cu), together with low or high inclusion levels of zinc (Zn), on performance, faecal mineral concentrations and the mineral status of the body was examined in 216 Large White × Landrace pigs (initial weight 27 kg, final weight 107 kg). The base diets were supplemented with combinations of 0, 10, 30 or 50 mg/kg Cu and 40 or 80 mg/kg Zn in the proteinate amino acid chelate form (organic), according to a factorial arrangement of treatments. A control treatment containing levels of Cu and Zn similar to the high organic treatment in the form of sulfate (inorganic) was also included. Blood and faecal samples were collected on Days 21 and 49 of the experiment and tissue samples immediately after slaughter. Across the entire growing and finishing phases, no significant treatment differences (P > 0.05) occurred in pig daily gain or feed intake, although feed conversion ratio was improved (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of proteinate amino acid chelate. Copper and Zn concentrations in faeces were in direct proportion to their inclusion level in the diet. Blood and tissue mineral concentrations were within normal physiological ranges in all treatments. Results showed that reducing Cu and Zn in grower–finisher diets from 50 to 0 mg/kg Cu and from 80 to 40 mg/kg Zn reduced faecal Cu and Zn concentrations by 90 and 40%, respectively, without compromising pig growth. However, when Cu was supplemented at 0 mg/kg, storage of Cu in the liver approached marginal levels, suggesting that some added dietary Cu is needed in grower–finisher diets, especially for pigs reared in commercial conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid and arginine in vegetable diets for broiler on performance, carcass yield and meat quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Fernanda Gonçalves Esser ◽  
Thais Lina Taniguti ◽  
Alexandra Maria da Silva ◽  
Elisangela Vanroo ◽  
Isabelle Naemi Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Meat Meal

Birds fed with vegetable diets rely on the endogenous synthesis of creatine, which requires amino acids, some of which, for example arginine (Arg), are considered essential for several physiological and metabolic functions. Creatine is limited to high energy expenditure cells, particularly muscle cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid and arginine (as precursors of creatine) in vegetable diets, on the performance, quality, and yield of broiler chickens. The treatments consisted of diets based on corn and soybean meal (T1); corn, soybean meal + 3% meat meal (T2); corn, soybean meal + 0.08% guanidinoacetic acid (T3); and corn, soybean meal + 0.08% L-arginine (T4). The productive performance of the birds aged 7-, 21-, and 42-days-old was determined. Eighteen 7-day-old birds were sacrificed per treatment to evaluate breast and leg yield, and breast muscle fibers, and eighteen 42-day-old birds were sampled per treatment to determine serum uric acid, urea, creatine, lactate, and glucose concentrations. The same birds were slaughtered to calculate carcass yield in relation to live weight and commercial cut yield. The right pectoralis major muscle of each bird was used to test pH, color (luminosity L*, red index a*, and yellow index b*), and loss of water by pressure analysis, and the left side was used to analyze losses by defrosting and cooking. The data were analyzed using the software SAS. Diets to which meat or vegetable meal plus guanidinoacetic acid or L-Arginine were added resulted in higher live weight and breast meat percentage at 7 days old. Feed conversion was affected for a total period of 1 to 42 days of age (P < 0.0002). The birds with a diet supplemented with vegetable and meat meal had better feed conversion when compared to the birds that were fed with other diets. Treatments did not affect carcass and commercial cut yields, percent loss by cooking, pressure and defrosting of the broiler breast meat, or color (L, a*, and b*) and pH values.

scholarly journals Growing Trial of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles Fed on Chironomid Meal as a Partial Substitution for Fish Meal

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Roncarati ◽  
Roberto Cappuccinelli ◽  
Marina Meligrana ◽  
Roberto Anedda ◽  
Sergio Uzzau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Insect meal derived from chironomid larvae and collected from aquatic environments was included in the feed of gilthead sea bream juveniles (75 ± 1.1 g) in a growth trial of 90 days. Three feeds, which were namely one control (L1) and two experimental diets (L2, L3), were analyzed and formulated as isonitrogenous (45%) and isolipidic (13%). In L1, the protein source was mainly soybean meal (32%), followed by fish meal (20%), wheat meal (20%), gluten corn (17%), and hemoglobin (11%). In L2, the proportion of soybean meal was increased (33.5%), followed by gluten corn (21%), wheat meal (14%), and hemoglobin (11%), whereas the fish meal source was reduced (15%) due to the inclusion of chironomids (5%). In L3, the proportion of fish meal was further reduced (8%) and that of chironomid meal was increased to 10% of the protein source. The L2 and L3 groups showed similar growth performances with respect to the L1 group. The feed conversion rate was favorable in all the groups, ranging from 1.18 (L1) to 1.22 (L3). Survival rates varied from 93.62% (L3) to 94.31% (L1). Feed palatability showed similar results for all diets. Although the inclusion of chironomid meal was used in small quantities, our results suggest a significant advantage in replacing 50% of the fish meal with the chironomid meal for growing gilthead sea bream fishes.

Response of beef steers to diets based on big-bale silage supplemented with molassed sugar beet feed and two levels of fishmeal

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
Y Rouzbehan ◽  
J H Topps ◽  
H Galbraith ◽  
J A Rooke
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Ad Libitum

Earlier work (Rouzbehan et al, 1991) has shown that supplementation of baled silage with molassed sugar beet feed (MSBF, 60 g/kg fresh weight) improved live weight gain (LUG) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in sheep. It has been established that the protein in silage is not utilised as effectively by beef cattle as the protein in non-fermented forages (Thomas, 1982). Responses in the performance and carcass composition of finishing steers and heifers when silage-based diets have been supplemented with protein have proved to be variable. This trial was therefore carried out to examine the effects of feeding two levels of a protein supplement, fishmeal, in addition to MSBF, on the performance of beef steers fed big-bale silage ad libitum and to assess the nutritional value of such supplementation.

The use of moist barley in diets for growing pigs

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
D. M. S. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed

SUMMARYA total of 156 pigs of the Large White breed were used in a series of four experiments to test the suitability of barley which had been stored with a high moisture content as an ingredient in the diets of growing pigs. Barleys with mean moisture contents of 26·3%, 28·1% and 21·2% and a range from 19·6% to 30·5%, from three successive harvests were used.In all the trials there was evidence that the use of moist barley in diets for growing pigs had an adverse effect on live-weight gain and feed conversion ratio, the effect being independent of whether feed intakes were equated on the basis of the dry-matter content of the diets. In one of the experiments performance was depressed to the extent of causing changes in carcass characteristics. The performance of pigs given rolled barley was similar to that of others given ground barley.

RAPESEED MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN DIETS OF PROGENY FROM SOWS FED EITHER PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
F. W. Schuld
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Initial Weight

First- and second-litter progeny from sows fed either 0 or 8% solvent-extracted rapeseed meal in replacement for isonitrogenous amounts of soybean meal and wheat was used to evaluate solvent-extracted rapeseed meal as a protein source. There was no influence of the dam’s diet on gain, efficiency of feed utilization, digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) or digestible nitrogen (DN) and nitrogen retention in the progeny. In pigs from first litters, the feeding of 8% rapeseed meal, compared with 0% rapeseed meal, depressed feed intake and rate of gain in the finishing period from 55 to 90 kg liveweight, and resulted in reduced gain and poorer efficiency of feed utilization for the overall experiment from 6 kg initial weight. Carcasses from rapeseed meal-fed pigs were leaner. Gilt carcasses were leaner than barrow carcasses. With second-litter pigs, there were no significant differences associated with dietary treatment or sex. There were no significant differences in DE or ME or in DN and nitrogen retention between pigs receiving 0 or 8% rapeseed meal in either the starting diets at 6 weeks of age or the growing diets at 40 kg liveweight.

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